Factors Affecting Nurses’ Attitudes Towards Patient Safety: Systematic Review (original) (raw)

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Introduction: Patient safety is one of the priority subject areas in health care systems and also the important quality indicator of health services (Brickell & McLean, 2011; Smeulers ve ark., 2015). One of the main goals of healthcare services is to provide safe and error-free care. (Basuni & Bayoumi, 2015). Nurses involved in the delivery of health care have a critical and fundamental responsibility to ensure patient safety and develop a culture of safety. Because nurses care for people from all walks of life and age groups, and most of the groups they serve are at risk, clinical practice standards related to patient safety in clinical settings should be maintained at optimal levels to ensure quality care. In this context, this research was carried out to systematically examine the published studies in the national literature to examine the factors affecting nurses' attitudes toward patient safety. Method: This research was carried out to examine the factors affecting nurses' attitudes toward patient safety in the national literature, review the published studies, and systematically examine the data obtained from the studies. PRISMA protocol was used in the process from the beginning of the study to the reporting (Page et al., 2021). In this study, Google Scholar, Dergi Park Akademik, Ulakbim, EBSCO Host, and National Thesis Center databases were searched using the keywords 'nurse', 'patient safety' and 'patient safety attitude'. Using the keywords, a search was undertaken between January and February 2021, and the data was updated between 1 March 2022 and 1 June 2022 per the suggestions of the editors and reviewers. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria established by the researchers, the research included the studies and theses discovered through the scanning. As a result of the searches made with keywords, 529 studies were reached, and 11 articles that met the inclusion criteria were examined. Results: It was determined that 72.7% of the publications examined in the research were master's thesis, 27.3% were research articles, 45% were published in 2019, and 81.8% were two authors or less. When examining the institutions where the research was conducted, state hospitals dominated (38.5%), followed by universities (15.4%), education and research (11.5%), private hospitals (11.5%), city hospitals (7.5%), and health practice and research centers (15.5%). The sample numbers of the examined publications ranged from 28 to 380. It was found that all of the publications examined in the study were descriptive; the majority of them were made in surgical units, the patient safety attitude scale was used in nine, and the safety attitude scale was used in the others. In a significant part of the studies, it has been observed that the average score of patient safety attitude is moderate. The publications examined in the study determined that the patient safety attitudes of nurses differ according to sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, and education level. In addition, it was found that attitudes toward patient safety vary based on aspects of working life, such as the working year, the unit worked, shifts worked, weekly working hours, use of the security reporting system, and management support for error reporting. In addition to these, it is seen in the studies that it is related to receiving education about patient safety and getting orientation/in-service training. In all studies conducted to examine the relationship between patient safety attitudes and work environment, level of professional engagement, and patient safety culture, it was found that there was a positive relationship with patient safety attitudes.