Intestinal function and gut microflora of broiler chickens as influenced by cereal grains and microbial enzyme supplementation (original) (raw)
Related papers
2016
The effects of grain and carbohydrase enzyme supplementation were investigated on digestive physiology of chickens. A total of 625 one-day-old chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to five treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments included two different types of grains (wheat, and barley) with or without a multi-carbohydrase supplement. A corn-based diet was also considered to serve as a control. Feeding barley-based diet with multi-carbohydrase led to higher feed intake (p < 0.01) than those fed corn- and wheat-based diets. Birds fed on barley and wheat diets had lower weight gain despite a higher feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01). Total count and number of different type of bacteria including Gram-negative, E. coli, and Clostridia increased after feeding wheat and barley but the number of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria decreased (p < 0.01). Feeding barley and wheat diets reduced villus height in different parts of the small intestine when compared to tho...
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2001
The aim of the present experiment was to study the effect of an increasing level of an enzyme preparation on intestinal viscosity, ileal digestibility and performance of broiler chickens fed a diet containing wheat (63%) and rye (9.35%) in the period from 0-21 days of age. Four diets, containing 11.98 MJ ME/kg feed and 19.52% protein, were included in the experiment: Control (basal diet), L, M, and H (basal diet with 100, 200 and 300 mg Bio-Feed Wheat CT/kg, respectively). Feed conversion in chickens fed the diet with the medium dose of enzyme was significantly (PO.002) better compared with the control group and the chickens fed the diet with the lowest dose of enzyme by 5.0 and 3.3%, respectively. Weight gain of chickens fed diet M was improved by 5.3%, and was significantly (PO.0008) different from all the other groups. Enzyme addition reduced viscosity in jejunum (P<0.007) and ileum (P<0.05), diet L being the exception. A significant (PO.001) improvement in ileal protein digestibility was found in the chickens fed diet M, the increase being 12.4% compared with the control, confirming the results found on performance. Enzyme addition to the other groups increased the ileal protein digestibility on average by 3.5%, but not significantly different from the control. A pronounced effect of enzyme supplementation was found on the ileal fat digestibility of chickens fed diet M, the improvement (PO.0007) being as high as 17.0%. In addition, the ileal digestibility of organic matter in chickens fed diet M was improved by 8.9% compared with the control group (P<0.02).
Poultry Science, 1993
Three experiments were conducted to study the effects of crude enzyme preparations on the performance and gastrointestinal tract size of chicks fed wheat and barley diets. In the first experiment, enzyme addition (100 and 200 mg/kg of Roxazyme® G and 1,000 mg/kg of Avizyme SX) to diets containing Bedford barley improved weight gain (6%) and the feed to gain ratio (5%) over a 6-wk period for both male and female broilers. In Experiment 2, enzyme addition to diets containing Scout (hulless) and Bedford (hulled) barley improved (P < .05) weight gains of Leghorn chicks by 25 and 11% and the feed to gain ratios by 10 and 6%, respectively. Feed consumption increased significantly (16%) only in the case of birds fed enzyme with Scout barley. Corresponding reductions in the relative weights of the crop and gizzards were 15 and 17% for birds fed Scout barley and 7 and 8% for those fed Bedford barley. Enzyme treatment of the diet containing Scout barley also reduced the relative length of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and the relative weight of the proventriculus, whereas a similar treatment of Bedford barley resulted in changes in the relative length of the duodenum and jejunum (P < .05). In the final broiler experiment (42 days), crude enzyme addition (100 mg/kg) to wheat and barley diets improved weight gains by 13 and 9% and feed to gain ratios by 7 and 10%, respectively. The addition of enzyme to the barley-based diet reduced the relative weights of the proventriculus (39%), pancreas (24%), liver (8%), duodenum (16%), jejunum (20%), ileum (18%), and colon (29%). Enzyme treatment of the wheat diets did not affect organ size (P > .05). Enzymes improved performance and reduced the size of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and liver in birds fed barley-based diets, whereas a similar treatment of wheat-based diets resulted in less dramatic changes in performance and had no effect on organ size.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences
A fi ve-week-long experiment was performed on 960 one-day-old Cobb 500 cockerels divided randomly into ten experimental groups of 12 cages (replicates) of 8 birds each. The objective of the experiment was to estimate the effect of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) derived from various cereals and addition of microbial enzyme preparations on growth performance, ileal viscosity, liver weight and concentration of short-chain fatty acids in broiler chicken caeca. Barley and oats, hulless barley, naked oats, and rye constituted the majority of diets. Diets were non-supplemented or supplemented with a commercial enzyme preparation. Enzyme preparations signifi cantly improved feed conversion ratio and body weight gains (P<0.05) only in groups fed diets based on naked oats and rye. In all groups, enzyme supplementation decreased intestinal viscosity and increased the concentration of acetate and total short-chain fatty acids in caecal digesta with the exception of the group fed the diet with naked oats. The results indicate that not total dietary fi bre content, but the type of dietary NSP, as well as microbial enzyme supplementation, may infl uence the intestinal viscosity and performance of broiler chickens.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2012
BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, there is scant literature on comparative broiler response to cereal diets high in soluble non-starch polysaccharides without or with enzyme, prebiotic, probiotic or synbiotic supplementation. In the present study, the effects of a wheat-and barley-based diet with or without supplemental xylanase plus β-glucanase, inulin, Enterococcus faecium or inulin plus Enterococcus faecium, on bird performance, digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora were compared to a maize-based diet.
2013
The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of various types of enzymes, such as mono-enzymes represented by xylanase, betaglucanse or poly-enzymes complex on productive performances as well as on intestinal viscosity and on some biochemical indices of sanguine indices. This experiment was carried out on a group of 200 chickens distributed in four experimental groups (10 replicate with 5 chickens/cage) as follows: the experimental group EG1, fed with 600g of wheat/kg complete feed and 100 mg/kg of xylanase, the experimental group EG2 fed with 600g of wheat/kg complete feed and 250 mg/kg poly-enzymatic complex, the experimental group EG3, fed with 600g of wheat/kg complete feed and the experimental group EG4, fed with 600g of wheat/kg complete feed and 250 mg/kg of poly-enzymatic complex. Complete feed based on enzymes like wheat and barley increases feed consumption throughout the experimental period. Adding poly-enzymatic complex in complete feed based on barley leads to a...
Enzyme supplementation of a poultry diet containing rye and wheat
British Journal of Nutrition, 1989
A total of 360 I-d-old broiler chickens were fed on a diet based on rye and wheat in equal proportions without or with supplementation of increasing levels (0.11, 0.22, 0.44 and 0.88 g/kg) of a technical enzyme preparation containing pentosanase and β-glucanase activities. In vitro investigations revealed that the enzyme preparation solubilized pentosans, increasing the relative viscosity of buffer extracts from enzyme-supplemented diets. Enzyme supplementation generally improved body-weight by approximately 27% at day 15 and 15% at day 27, increased feed intake by 15 and 8% respectively, and improved feed conversion efficiency by 10 and 5% respectively. There was also a decreased occurrence of sticky droppings. Enzyme supplementation increased the digestibility of organic matter, crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) and starch measured in the last third of the small intestine, and of organic matter and crude fat measured in excreta. Solubilization of insoluble pentosans by the enzyme in...
Influence of enzymes on performance and digestive parameters of broilers fed rye-based diets
Poultry Science, 2003
An experiment was conducted to study the influence of enzyme supplementation (ES) to rye-based diets on rate of food passage through the digestive tract, viscosity of jejunum content, volatile fatty acid concentration in ceca, and performance of broilers. There were seven treatments; six diets arranged factorially with three varieties of rye (Petkus, Prima, and Saratov V) and two levels of ES (0 or 500 ppm of an enzyme complex containing 858 IU of β-glucanase and 864 IU of xylanase/ g) and an additional control diet based on corn. Each treatment was replicated seven times (12 chicks caged together), and the trial lasted 25 d. Rye feeding increased intestinal viscosity and impaired bird performance at 25 (