Corrosion of Steel Pipelines Transporting Hydrocarbon Condensed Products, Obtained from a High Pressure Separator System: A Failure Analysis Study (original) (raw)

Effect of Corrosion on Hydrocarbon Pipelines T

The demand of hydrocarbons has increased the construction of pipelines and the protection of the physical and mechanical integrity of the already existing infrastructure. Corrosion is the main reason of failures in the pipeline and it is mostly produced by acid (HCOOCH 3). In this basis, a CFD code was used, in order to study the corrosion of internal wall of hydrocarbons pipeline. In this situation, the corrosion phenomenon shows a growing deposit, which causes defect damages (welding or fabrication) at diverse positions along the pipeline. The solution of the pipeline corrosion is based on the diminution of the Naphthenic acid.

Characterization of Corrosion Behavior of Low Carbon Steel Oil Pipelines by Crude Oil

2016

Corrosion and erosion-corrosion in weld joints of petroleum pipelines were investigated by the studying the corrosion of carbon steel in crude oil and water extraction from oil. The experimental work tests of erosion-corrosion were done using special device which was designed according to (G 73) ASTM. The work tests were achieved using traditional weight loss technique to measure weight loss rates in (mpy) Unit, the tests above were done in pumped media and pumped media had constant pressure of 1 bar, flow rate Q = 36 L/min, temperature 25 ºC and pH = 6.56 for erosive-corrosive media. Weight loss method was used in which test specimens of carbon steel, with a known weights, were immersed in the oil for a total exposure time of 60 days and for 10 days in water. Metallographic observations and micro-hardness measurements were also performed on specimens taken from the parent metal, heat affected zone and weld metal. The obtained results clearly indicate a degradation of the mechanical properties of steel welds.

External corrosion of oil and gas pipelines: A review of failure mechanisms and predictive preventions

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineeringning , 2022

This paper presents an updated review of the external corrosion and failure mechanisms of buried natural gas and oil pipelines. Various forms of external corrosion and failure mechanisms such as hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), hydrogen embrittlement (HE), corrosion fatigue (CF), stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) for oil and gas pipelines are thoroughly reviewed. The factors influencing external corrosion and possible forms of environment-assisted cracking (EAC) of pipeline steels in the soil are also reviewed and analyzed in depth. In addition, the existing monitoring tools for the external corrosion assessment and the models for corrosion prevention and prediction, failure occurrence, and remaining life of oil and gas pipelines, are analyzed. Moreover, the articles on external corrosion management, reliability-based models, risk-based models, and integrity assessment including machine learning and fuzzy logic approaches, are also reviewed. The conclusions and recommendations for future research in the prevention and prediction of external corrosion are presented at the end.

Corrosion of industrial gas pipelines under the action of formation waters

Scientific journal of the Ternopil national technical university, 2019

The state of pipeline after the long time of operation is studied. Major factors are determined, influencing nature and rate of the passage of the processes of the internal corrosion of pipelinespresence of perceptible mechanical stresses, chemical composition and the motion of corrosive environment. The results obtained allow a more accurate and accurate prediction of the life and residual life of industrial pipelines, taking into account the influence of mechanical and corrosion factors.

PIPELINE CORROSION CONTROL IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF NNPC/PPMC SYSTEM 2A PIPELINE

Corrosion in pipelines is one of the major challenges faced by oil and gas industries all over the world. This has made corrosion control or management a major factor to consider before setting up any industry that will transport products via pipelines. In this study the types of corrosion found on system 2A pipeline were; pitting, microbial, sulfide-stress cracking, hydrogen-stress cracking and hydrogen-induced cracking and these were caused by poor maintenance of the pipeline system, severe mutilation of the pipeline coatings, substrates due to vandalization and coating failures. The data from cathodic protection control method from Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)/ Pipeline and Product Marketing Company (PPMC) for system 2A line was analyzed and it was deduced that about 10.3km of the pipeline was well protected and possibly fit for use and about 62.7km is experiencing under protection which means corrosion is predicted to take place in that segment in a short time and finally about 16km of the pipeline is experiencing corrosion. From the results obtained, it can be deduced that the use of cathodic protection technique as a method of controlling corrosion in oil and gas pipelines is effective and efficient when compared to other methods and thus constant monitoring is needed to achieve optimum efficiency.

Investigation of Corrosion Induced Degradation in Oil Pipelines

https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.6\_Issue.6\_June2019/Abstract\_IJRR0052.html, 2019

Corrosion has been identified as a major concern in the oil and gas industry. To this end, the study investigated the corrosion induced degradation in oil pipelines within the South-South geo-political region of Nigeria. To achieve this, Direct Field Assessment Method (DFAM) was used to obtain field data because it helps ascertain which corrosion type prevails in the selected regions, since pipelines are susceptible to various kinds of corrosion depending on the potential difference between the pipe and the ground surface within a corrosive environment. The reliability and the failure rate of these pipelines in the Niger Delta regions due to corrosion were determined. Results reveal that 70.83% of the pipeline corrosion that occurs in the South-South geo-political region of Nigeria from 1999-2015 is due to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) and that there is a seemingly correlation between the 3 rd party activity (vandalism) and corrosion. This is because the areas with higher 3 rd party activity have corresponding higher failure rate and corrosion occurrence. However, despite the effect of 3 rd party activities and corrosion activities, the reliability result suggests that the oil pipelines are still within their useful life stage.

Influence of operation of Kh52 steel on corrosion processes in a model solution of gas condensate

2008

We investigate the corrosion and electrochemical properties of Kh52 steel in the initial state and after 30 years of operation in main gas pipelines. It is established that the behavior of the steel in a model medium of aqueous condensate is intensified due to a high concentration of chloride depassivators. The corrosion rate is controlled by the diffusion of cathodic depolarizers, mainly hydrocarbonate ions. In the static medium of water condensate, no influence of the long operation of Kh52 steel on its corrosion resistance was found, which is due to the shielding action of a layer of corrosion products. The corrosion rate of the steel of the operated pipes is substantially higher than that of the initial steel in a dynamic medium, but the corrosion mechanism is the same. The decrease in the corrosion resistance of the operated steels is caused by the intensification of the reaction of their anodic dissolution. For assessing the influence of in-service degradation of a steel on its corrosion properties, we recommend carrying out corrosion investigations with vigorous stirring of the working medium.

Corrosion problems during oil and gas production and its mitigation

In order to ensure smooth and uninterrupted flow of oil and gas to the end users, it is imperative for the field operators, pipeline engineers, and designers to be corrosion conscious as the lines and their component fittings would undergo material degradations due to corrosion. This paper gives a comprehensive review of corrosion problems during oil and gas production and its mitigation. The chemistry of corrosion mechanism had been examined with the various types of corrosion and associated corroding agents in the oil and gas industry. Factors affecting each of the various forms of corrosion were also presented. Ways of mitigating this menace with current technology of low costs had been discussed. It was noticed that the principles of corrosion must be understood in order to effectively select materials and to design, fabricate, and utilize metal structures for the optimum economic life of facilities and safety in oil and gas operations. Also, oil and gas materials last longer when both inhibitors and protective coatings are used together than when only batch inhibition was used. However, it is recommended that consultations with process, operations, materials, and corrosion engineers are necessary in the fitness of things to save billions of dollars wasted on corrosion in the oil and gas industries.

An investigation on corrosion protection layers in pipelines transporting hydro.PDF

Chemical reactions between carbon steel, water and chemical species produce corrosion layers (scales) on the internal surface of pipelines transporting hydrocarbons. Scales act as a diffusion barrier and prevent the progress of corrosion, a dangerous failure initiator. The protective film (10-100 μm thickness) can be removed locally by the action of the internal flow, or by other mechanisms. Adhesion with the substrate and the failure modes of the corrosion layer can be tested by indentation. Some results are presented of experiments performed on specimens with scales grown in a controlled environment.