Application Of Watson Human Care Theory On Anxiety And Frustration Of An Adolescent With Trauma And Burn Injury: An Educational Report (original) (raw)
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The Journal Of Psychological Science
Background: Research shows that students with internalizing behavioral problems suffer from actions such as distress intolerance and inability to regulate emotion. Previous research has also shown that unified transdiagnostic treatment affects different variables. Therefore, according to the research background, there was a research gap in the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic treatment in distress tolerance and emotion regulation of students with internalizing behavioral problems. Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic treatment on distress tolerance and emotion regulation of students with internalizing behavioral problems. Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and a control group. The statistical population of this study included first-grade high school female students with internalizing behavioral disorders in Tehran schools in 2019-2020. Thirty students with internalizing behavioral problems were selected by purposive non-random sampling and assigned into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received unified transdiagnostic treatment (Barlow et al., 2017) in ten 90-minute sessions over three months. The data were collected by the Youth Self-Report (Achenbach & Rescorla (2003), Distress Tolerance Scale (Simmons & Gaher, 2005), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefsky, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001), and were analyzed by the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The results showed that unified transdiagnostic treatment increased distress tolerance and improved students' emotion regulation (p= 0.01). Also, the results of MANCOVA showed that the effect of unified transdiagnostic treatment on distress tolerance (F= 106.23), self-blame (F= 17.84), other-blame (F= 37.22), rumination (F= 36.12), catastrophizing (F= 38.67), acceptance (F= 18.86), refocusing on planning (F= 21.06), positive refocusing (F= 35.26), positive reappraisal (F= 29.69), and putting into perspective (F= 33.59) was significant (p= 0.01). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be stated that unified transdiagnostic treatment using emotional awareness training, learning to observe emotional experiences, reidentifying emotions, identifying patterns of emotion avoidance, and cognitive reappraisal increased distress tolerance and improved emotion regulation in students with internalizing behavioral problems.
Journal of Pediatric Nursing
Introduction: Anxiety disorders are usually chronic and the lack of treatment has negative effects on children growth and performance, thus, this research aimed at studying the efficacy of parent management training on reducing anxiety in preschool children. Methods: This experimental study with a control group was conducted on mothers of 4-to 6-yearold children from preschools of Urmia city during years 2015 to 2016. Using multistage random sampling, 4 regions of Urmia were selected. Then, 4 preschools were randomly selected and finally the mothers of students of 3 classes of each preschool were selected. The participants completed the children anxiety scale of Spence (parent form) and structured interview based on DSM-V. Among 130 mothers, whose children's anxiety were high, 45 parents were randomly selected and allocated to an experimental (PMT, 15 persons and drug therapy, 15 persons) and a control (15 person) group. Results: The data were analyzed using the covariance method and results showed that the PMT group had highest effectiveness among the 3 groups (p< 0.0001). The drug therapy group was also higher than control. The results of multivariate co-variance showed that the PMT was effective in all subscales of anxiety and the highest score belonged to separation anxiety and the lowest score was for OCD (P < 0.0001). The results showed that the mean anxiety was reduced among children of the experimental group after the intervention. After one month of follow-up, mean anxiety among children was low. MANCOVA showed a significant difference between the 2 groups (P < 0/05). Conclusions: Using methods, such as PMT rather than drug, could reduce anxiety consequences in both children and their families.
Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 2019
1 MA in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Education for Children with Special Needs, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran * Corresponding author: Ilnaz Sajjadian, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: i.sajjadian@khuisf.ac.ir
Emotional Development of Children with Autism Based on Developmental, Individual Differences Model
2017
his study aimed to investigate the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder on the basis of Developmental, Individual Differences Model (DIR). Thirty autistic children were selected by non-random sampling from 3 autistic centers and 30 typical children were selected randomly from Tehran. The sample’s mothers completed the Functional Emotional Questionnaire (Greenspan, 2001). The parents of two groups were matched on socioeconomic status, age and education. The results indicated that there were significant differences between autistic and typical children in terms of 6 stages of emotional development: selfregulation and interest in the world, intimacy, two-way communication, complex communication, emotional ideas, emotional and logical thinking in their lower and previous ages (0-3/5). In the children’s current age, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the stages, except for the fifth & sixth stages in which emotional develop...
Iranian Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 2017
Background. Self-care behaviors in cardiac patients are one of the essential factors in their treatments. The failure to apply proper self-care behaviors reduces their recovery and imposes high costs on the health care system. Aim. This study aimed for design and psychometric measurement of the questionnaire on attitude, knowledge and utilization of self-care for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery based on Waltz model Method. In this methodological study, the following four steps were conducted for design and psychometric measurement of the questionnaire: 1) defining the theoretical and practical self-care concept for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the domains of physical activity, sexual activity, social activity, mental state, and smoking; 2) designing the items of the questionnaire using other instruments which are being used in heart diseases; 3) determining the face validity (the assessment of facility, difficulty, and ambiguity of the items and their importance for patients) and content validity of the questionnaire (the assessment of appropriateness and necessity of items by experts opinions and measuring CVR and CVI; 4) the internal consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated by determining the Cranach's alpha coefficient. Findings. The first version of this questionnaire was produced with 56 items, of which 15 items were deleted during the process of validity and reliability confirmation. The final version of the questionnaire was provided with 41 items in three domains; knowledge domain with 14 items, attitude domain with 7 items and utilization domain with 20 items. The results of the psychometric procedure for the questionnaire was the content validity index of 0.99, the content validity ratio of 0.96 and the internal consistency of the questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.7 representing appropriate validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Conclusion. This 41-item questionnaire can be utilized in the assessment process of these patients. Measuring construct validity is recommended for the validity of the domains of the present questionnaire.
Perceived Threat about Cigarette Smoking among Adolescents: Optimistic Bias
Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal, 2016
Background and Objectives: Cigarette smoking is one of the important health problems in adolescents and one of the preventable causes of morbidity and mortality. The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the perceived threat about cigarette smoking among adolescents with emphasis on optimistic bias. Methods: The present study was carried out as a descriptive crosssectional study on 2 nd grade secondary school male students in Shiraz, Iran. A multi-step cluster sampling method was used in the present study. A questionnaire including questions about demographic characteristics, knowledge, and perceived threat, was used. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its validity by a panel of experts. The data were analyzed using descriptive tests and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: In the current study, the majority of students (3.3%) initiated cigarette smoking at the age of 13 years. Also, there was a significant relationship between perceived susceptibility and having smoker friends and offering cigarette by them. Also, the findings of this study showed that there was a negative correlation between perceived susceptibility and severity. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, in spite of high perceived severity, the perceived susceptibility was low among the students. Also, optimistic bias in adolescents causes that although they believe in high severity of high-risk behaviors, they do not feel themselves exposed to the risk of morbidity due to health problems.
Iranian Journal of Cancer Care, 2019
Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the diseases that is due create psychological and especially apparent effects in women reduce their sense of worth and self-esteem. The purpose of this study is investigating effectiveness of anger control skills training on improving self-esteem in women with breast cancer after mastectomy surgery. Method: In this semi-experimental study, between 79 women who had cancer treatment for at least 6 months and had a mastectomy sugery, 30 women with breast cancer after mastectomy surgery were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control group (each group has 15 people). The experimental group was trained group anger control skills with a cognitive-behavioral approach but the control group did not receive any interventions. Patients answered Rosenberg self-esteem Scale (1965) in pre test and post test. Results: Covariance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in the post-test self-esteem. Eta's squareness showed that 64% of self-esteem changes in the post-test were due to the effect of anger control skills training. Conclusion: This study shows that anger control skills training can increase the self-esteem of women with breast cancer after mastectomy sugery. The use of these trainings along with drug therapy improving the mental health of patients and their families.
Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health
Background and Purpose: Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence and problems related to selfesteem and social adjustment are common in people with this disorder. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based group intervention on self-esteem and social problems of students with symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted of all male students of 13-14 years old with symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in nonprofit secondary schools in Rasht city during the academic year 2017-2018. Among the 127 students who accepted the invitation for research, youth self-report (YSR) of the Achenbach system of empirically-based assessment (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) was implemented. 30 students with high scores on the subscale of attention problems (T <65) were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The selfreport form of the youth self-report and the Cooper smith self-esteem questionnaire (1967) were used for data collection. Students in the experimental group received mindfulness-based intervention in 8 weekly sessions, each session for 120 minutes, but the control group did not receive the intervention. Results: Results of one-way covariance analysis showed that mindfulness-based group intervention significantly improved self-esteem (F = 12.59, P <0.001) and reduced social problems (F = 16.82, P <0.001) in students with symptoms of ADHD in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based group intervention, by encouraging more positive and non-judgmental attitudes toward self and others, as well as by creating self-compassionate attitudes, have produced favorable changes in students' attitudes toward themselves and their communication styles. Citation: Naseh A. The effect of mindfulness-based group intervention on self-esteem and social problems in students with symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.