Through a Glass Darkly: The icc, the unsc and the Quest for Justice in International Law (original) (raw)

2019, International Criminal Law Review

Despite the aspirations of the International Criminal Court (icc), it is unlikely to achieve an end to impunity for crimes of concern to the international community without acknowledgement of and due engagement with the politics of international criminal law. A major threat to the legitimacy of the Court is its relationship with the United Nations Security Council (unsc). unsc referrals of conflict situations under Article 13(b) of the Rome Statute remain subject to geo-political considerations. The exercise is thus arbitrary at best, and may render the icc an instrument of political coercion at worst. An apolitical approach to conflicts given this context is almost antithetical to justice and has already given rise to tensions between the Court and some affected member states. Managing the asymmetry created by unsc referrals and rethinking its seemingly unjustified encroachment in the affairs of less influential states should become the priority for the Court.

How Political is the ICC? Pressing Challenges and the Need for Diplomatic Efficacy

The International Criminal Court faces many daunting political challenges in Kenya, Libya, and Sudan. It has addressed these challenges and defended its impartiality in these situations by insisting that it remains an apolitical institution. This article challenges the conventional focus on the ICC's apolitical nature by adopting an alternative approach that examines its political and pragmatic role in seeking mutual accommodation. It argues that the ICC can and should seek mutual accommodation rather than simply justice under the Rome Statute. In doing so, the article develops and applies the term diplomatic efficacy, or the political capacity of the ICC to produce acceptable solutions, by addressing the soft power dimension of such efficacy. The ICC's diplomatic efficacy not only reflects its special role as an independent court or agent in the interstate system, but also represents a practical and strategic attempt to manage the political problems that its interventions and deferral to national authorities may create. The article concludes that the ICC's political efficacy can help to resolve the incongruities between proactive complementarity and the provisions of cooperation encoded in the Rome Statute.

THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT IN WORLD POLITICS

The article discusses the importance of the International Criminal Court (ICC), a recently established intergovernmental organization to address the most heinous crimes. This organization is fi rst evaluated with respect to its impact on the notion of national sovereignty, upon which the international system has long been based. Then the contribution of global civil society in the creation of the ICC is outlined in order to demonstrate that the global order is gradually departing from being state-centric. And fi nally, the US opposition to the ICC is briefl y examined as that opposition is extremely relevant to the subject, given that the US is regarded as the sole superpower, which is supposed to have a determinative role in the conduct of global politics.

Situations Referred to the International Criminal Court by the United Nations Security Council – "ad hoc Tribunalisation" of the Court and its Dangers

2016

The study examines the possibility created by the Rome Statute, the founding and governing document of the International Criminal Court, according to which the United Nations Security Council has the option to refer situations to the court by a legally binding resolution acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. This is possible, regardless of the fact that the state concerned is a party to the Statue or not. According to the author's conclusion – although only limited number of such situations could yet be examined – this legal possibility is currently far from being a success story. It is still important to emphasize that while it can be a really useful tool from the perspective of international politics, it may poses a serious threat to the future of the court.

Geopolitical Analysis Concerning Universal Acceptance and Fairness of the International Criminal Court

2010

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has been criticised for its international acceptance and fairness as an international permanent court toward current US, China and Russia positions. In fact, they have not ratified it due to their own national considerations expelling possible prosecution of their nationals. On the other hand, they exercised their privileges as permanent members of the United Nations Security Council pursuant to Articles 13 and 16 of the Rome Statute referring foreign nationals before the ICC for prosecution of the most serious crimes as experienced in Sudan lately. This essay aims to discuss and to highlights the US, China and Russian’s reasons for not ratifying the Rome Statute and their impacts to the universal and the fairness of the ICC.

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The International Criminal Court

Gordon DiGiacomo and Susan Kang (Eds), The Institutions of Human Rights: Developments and Practices, University of Toronto Press, 2019