Serum Vitamin D Levels and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Complication in Diabetes (original) (raw)
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Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes population
Open Life Sciences
This study aims to assess vitamin D deficiency-induced dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study was carried out among 455 T2DM patients involving poor glycemic control (n = 247) and good glycemic control (n = 208). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c were measured to assess glycemic control. Cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic index plasma, and atherogenic coefficient were calculated to assess and compare the CVD risk in different groups. Patients with poor control had a significantly higher level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and non-high-density lipoprotein lipase cholesterol (non-HDL-C), atherogenic variables, and lower level of high-density lipoprotein lipase cholesterol (HDL-C) as compared to patients with good glycemic control. We also observed significant negative correlation of vitamin D with lipid markers and atherogenic variables in poor glycemic control diabetic po...
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2019
Background: Diabetes Mellitus comprises a group of metabolic disorder leading to hyperglycaemia. Vitamin D deficiency plays a role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus pathogenesis. Vitamin D appears to affect several metabolisms that have been associated with coronary artery disease. Vitamin D level has been recently considered as an adjustable risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, in individuals with type 2 Diabetes.Methods: This case control study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, UPUMS. 100 diabetic individuals with low Vitamin D level were taken as cases and 100 diabetic individuals with normal vitamin D level as control. History and examination with necessary investigations were done. Patients with positive history were subjected to investigations to diagnose CAD.Results: The proportion of case and controls had no significant difference in age distribution. The risk of coronary artery disease was 2.76 times higher among diabetes mellitus patients with vitamin D deficiency ...
The Role of Vitamin D in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Review of the Literature
Disease Markers, 2015
The dietary reference values for Vitamin D were set primarily considering its role in bone health, but with the discovery of Vitamin D receptors throughout body tissues, new links with other health conditions are now studied, such as for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This paper shall analyze and examine all new research studies carried out, especially in 2013–2015 regarding diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Vast research has been carried out to establish strong relationship between Vitamin D serum levels, supplementation, diabetes, and CVD. However, the results from researches identified in this paper are disputable. Benefits of Vitamin D adequate levels were recognized from gestational period until later in disease development such as diabetes and/or CVD, but since not all studies are in agreement further investigation is suggested. Researches conducting large randomized controlled trials, exploring range of supplement doses, with variable base...
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-known healthcare problem globally. Several factors, including vitamin D level influence cardiovascular diseases. This study was aimed to determine the association of vitamin D (25 [OH] D) levels and serum lipid profiles with T2DM in Bangladesh. The data (n = 111) were collected from the patients' register record book of BIHS General Hospital (Mirpur, Dhaka). Clinical (age, gender) and biochemical (fasting glucose level, after meal glucose level, HbA1C, lipid profile (HDL, LDL, TG, cholesterol) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D information were included for analysis. Independent sample t-test (two-tailed) was used to compare diabetic (cases, n = 70) and nondiabetic (control, n = 41) groups. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression assessed unadjusted and adjusted relations between vitamin D levels and other variables, respectively. There was a statistically significant (p <0.001) difference identified in vitamin D levels (mg/dl) between diabetic [mean (range): 23.3 (10.20-38.4)] and non-diabetic [mean (range): 26.9 (20.5-51.4)] subjects. Significantly higher triglyceride, total cholesterol and blood glucose (fasting and after meal) levels were observed in diabetic subjects compared to non-diabetic subjects. However, HDL level was significantly lower in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients (40.15 ± 5.56 vs. 42.74 ± 5.72 mg/dl). Pearson correlation analysis exhibited a significantly positive correlation of vitamin D deficiency with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) (r = 0.195, p = 0.040), total cholesterol (r = 0.567, p = 0.046), and LDL (r = 0.897, p = 0.003) levels. Multiple regression analysis showed that vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with higher glycated hemoglobin A1C (β =-0.097, p = 0.039), fasting blood glucose (β =-0.119, p = 0.011), total cholesterol (β =-0.160, p = 001) and triglyceride (β =-0.201, p < 0.001) levels. Additional extended and thorough randomized controlled clinical trials are required to draw a more definitive conclusion and accumulate more substantial evidence regarding the positive impact of vitamin D supplements on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2017
Objective To investigate the existence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among type 2 diabetes, non-diabetes subjects and its effect on both glycemic and lipid profiles.MethodsA case control study was conducted on 200 subjects of both gender (100 type 2 diabetes and 100 non-diabetes individuals) aged 40 to 60 years. Fasting serum 25(OH) D levels, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), HbA1C, lipid profile including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein TC/HDL and very low density lipoprotein were estimated. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) was calculated. Group comparisons were done by one way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test and Student’s independent T test. Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables. Correlation was done by Pearson’s analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant.Results The average serum 25(OH) D levels were significantly (p<0.001) low in diabetes group. The prevalence of VDD and the percentage of insufficie...
Vitamin D as a risk factor for premature atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2015
Background: Several cardiovascular risk factors have been recognized in patients with diabetes and vitamin D deficiency is emerging as a new risk. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the incidence of premature atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 78 patients with type 2 diabetes were subjected to history taking, physical examination, fasting glucose level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, lipid profile, 25(OH) vitamin D measurement, and carotid Doppler. Results: Patients with normal carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) had sufficient vitamin D. Of those with increased CIMT 23.1% had insufficient vitamin D while 76.9% had sufficient vitamin D (six patients had plaques, one of them had vitamin D insufficiency, and the other five patients had sufficient vitamin D). There was a statistically significant difference in the serum level of vitamin D between patients with increased CIMT, and those with normal intima, with a decreased level in the first group. There was a significant negative correlation between vitamin D and fasting blood glucose. There was a statistically significant correlation in left CIMT between the vitamin D sufficiency group and the vitamin D insufficiency group, with higher values in the second group. There was no statistically significant difference in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol in patients with increased CIMT and those with normal intima. Conclusions: Decreased vitamin D levels in patients with diabetes lead to increased CIMT. The absence of a statistically significance difference in lipid profile between increased and normal CIMT groups raises the possibility of underlying causes for atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes other than dyslipidemia.
Associations between vitamin D and cardiovascular outcomes; Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Atherosclerosis, 2011
Background: Vitamin D status seems to have an association with cardiometabolic risk factors and its deficiency may negatively affect the cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the possible association between vitamin D status and cardiovascular outcomes. Method: We performed a nested case control study within the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), which followed a representative sample of Tehranian adults. A total of 251 matched pairs, aged > 30 years, were selected. Cases were TLGS individuals that were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at the beginning of study and developed CVD during assessments of 5.7 year follow up. Each case was matched by age, sex and the month of entry to study with a randomly selected control (risk-set sampling). Prespecified cut points were used to characterize varying degrees of 25-OH D deficiency (<10, between 10 and 14.9, and ≥15 ng/ml). Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the association between 25-OH-D concentration and the incident cardiovascular outcomes. Results: The mean age of participants was 56.84 ± 11.17 years and 244 (48.6%) were women. The median (IQ: 25-75) of serum 25-OH-D was 14.1 ng/ml (9.6-29 ng/ml) and 306 (61%) of participants had serum 25-OH-D < 15 g/ml. Median serum 25-OH-D was lower in cases (12.5 vs. 18.1, P < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratio of serum 25-OH-D < 10 ng/ml for having CVD outcomes was 2.90 compared with 25-OH-D ≥ 15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67-5.12, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results indicate that serum 25-OH-D concentration has an independent association with cardiovascular outcomes in adult Tehranians.
Scientific Reports, 2016
The purpose of the present study was to measure six vitamin D metabolites and to find the association between vitamin D deficiency and coronary artery diseases in diabetes (T2DM_CAD). Four groups [control (n = 50), type 2 diabetes (T2DM, n = 71), coronary artery diseases (CAD, n = 28), T2DM_CAD (n = 38)] of total 187 subjects were included in the study. Six vitamin D metabolites (D 2 , D 3 , 25(OH) D 2 , 25(OH)D 3 , 1,25(OH) 2 D 2 , 1,25(OH) 2 D 3), total 25(OH)D and total 1,25(OH) 2 D were measured by UPLC/APCI/HRMS method in these subjects. Although all the vitamin D metabolites were significantly decreased in T2DM_CAD as compared to both control and T2DM subjects (p < 0.05), only two metabolites i.e., 25(OH)D 3 and total 25(OH)D were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the T2DM subjects as compared with the control subjects (p < 0.05). Vitamin D 3 , 1,25(OH) 2 D 2 , 25(OH) D, and 1,25(OH) 2 D levels were significantly decreased in T2DM_CAD subjects as compared with CAD subjects (p < 0.05). Further, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that total 25(OH)D and total 1,25(OH) 2 D can be used to predict T2DM (OR 0.82.95% CI 0.68-0.99; p = 0.0208) and T2DM with CAD (OR 0.460, 95% CI 0.242-0.874; p = 0.0177), respectively. Our data concludes that lower concentration of 1,25(OH) 2 D is associated with type 2 diabetes coexisting with coronary artery diseases in South Indian subjects.
Dyslipidemia and Vitamin D Status in Diabetic Patients
International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 2022
Background: Dyslipidemia is one of the most common metabolic syndrome among diabetic patients due to several factors include insulin insufficiency, resistance, and central obesity. Furthermore both vitamin D deficiency and diabetes are most public health worldwide problems. Therefore the aim of the present work to study the dyslipidemia and vitamin D status in diabetes patients and also to study the relation between vitamin D status and lipid profile in diabetic patients. Methods: A Cross sectional study conducted on randomly selected diabetic patients whether have vitamin D deficiency with dyslipidemia, vitamin D deficiency with no dyslipidemia or dyslipidemia with no vitamin D deficiency. A total sample 165 patients enrolled in the study with serum lipid profile, vitamin D and glycemic control measured at beginning and end of the study. The data analysis was done through Chi-square or T test at α< 0.05. Result: The data collected on 165 patients revealed that, patients aged 41-...
Association of Vitamin D Level with Fasting Plasma Glucose in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
2015
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has increased in India. Recently there have been plenty of research studies pointing to the essentiality of vitamin D beyond bone health. Type 2 diabetes is also found to be more prevalent in individuals with hypovitaminosis D. AIM: To evaluate the levels of vitamin D in type 2 diabetic patients and age matched healthy controls in South Indian population and also to correlate vitamin D level with fasting plasma glucose level and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 51 type2 diabetic patients and 51 healthy controls. Estimation of Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile was done in Beckmann-Coulter auto analyzer using standard kits. Vitamin D was estimated by Chemiluminescent Immuno Assay (C.L.I.A.) Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21 software. RESULTS: The vitamin D level was significantly lower in the diabetic patients. The fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins were increased in patients with vitamin D deficiency (i.e. vitamin D < 20 ng/ml) but the increase was statistically significant only in fasting blood glucose and triglycerides(p<0.01). The level of high density lipoproteins was statistically significantly lower in the vitamin D deficient group (p<0.01). By Pearson's correlation vitamin D was found to be negatively correlated significantly (p value < 0.01) with fasting blood sugar and triglycerides and was found to be positively correlated significantly (p value <0.01) with HDL. CONCLUSION: There is high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in type 2 diabetic patients. These individuals have also been proved to have atherogenic dyslipidemia that may lead to vascular complications. Whether supplementing diabetic patients with vitamin D helps in reducing further complications is yet to be proved by interventional studies.