Fault Detection in Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting of Human Body (original) (raw)
Related papers
2009
In the medical healthcare system, wireless body area network (WBAN) is used to monitor the fall event of a patient by sensing his/her body state orientation (stand or fall posture). However, for a conventional WBAN, the only way to communicate with the doctors' computers or hospital's servers is through the local gateway. Hence, the reliability of the WBAN is greatly dependent on the life span of the gateway. In this paper, a selective gateway method based on the residual energy of the sensor nodes has been proposed. By changing the gateway, the lifetime of the WBAN can be extended. To further increase the lifetime of the WBAN, a thermal energy harvesting system has been proposed to harvest heat energy from human warmth. Energy harvested using the thermoelectric generator (TEG) is stored in an energy storage device until sufficient energy is available. Based on the experimental test results obtained, the accumulated energy is around 1.369 mJ to power the loads comprising of sensor, RF transmitter and its associated electronic circuits. The sensed information is transmitted in 5 digital words of 12-bit data across a transmission period of 120 msec. The receiver platform displays the patient identification number and sounds out an alarm buzzer for aid if a fall event is detected.
Characterization of Human Body-Based Thermal and Vibration Energy Harvesting for Wearable Devices
IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, 2014
Energy harvesting is an important enabling technology necessary to unleash the next shift in mm-scale and W power computing devices, especially for wireless sensor nodes. Energy harvesting could play an important role in biomedical devices where it extends the lifetime of the system. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for periodic maintenance such as exchanging or recharging the battery. This paper presents experimental results of thermal and vibration energy harvested from human body using the thermoelectric generator and the piezo electric harvester, respectively. Contemporary research revealed that most of the published data, including harvesters datasheets, are adjusted for industrial or laboratory-setting environment. This paper focuses on obtaining experimental data from the human body using off-the-shelf harvesters, and discrete electrical components. Our experimental results showed that for 9 cm area of thermoelectric generator, up to 20 W of power can be generated at 22 C room temperature. In addition, 0.5 cm piezo electric harvester can generate up to 3.7 W when running at 7 mi/h. These data correspond to a power density of 2.2 W/cm and 7.4 W/cm for thermoelectric generator and piezo electric harvester, respectively. As such, the harvested energy from thermal and vibration of human body could potentially power autonomous wearable and implantable devices.
Wearable thermoelectric generators as energy harvesters for wireless body sensors
International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 2020
Wireless body sensor networks are becoming a ubiquitous solution to preventing chronic illnesses for a population with an ever-increasing number of elderly people. Through constant and real-time health monitoring, caregivers and medical personnel, and even patients themselves, can act more quickly in the event of a critical situation. The design of wireless body sensors must have several characteristics that enable their integration into the wearer's life as seamlessly and unobtrusively as possible. Thus, how these sensors are powered becomes a topic of interest. Much research and work have been conducted on using thermoelectric generators to convert the waste heat from human metabolic activities into useful electricity to perpetually power these devices. The concept of an effective wireless body sensor network is also studied in this work. Analytical approaches are applied to a commercial module as an energy-scavenging device based on data gathered from a wide literature review. The ideal model is further optimized using a dimensionless approach to determine the feasibility of the optimized device in terms of implementation and performance. Finally, a design that considers all parameters of an effective energyscavenging device is proposed alongside work for the future.
A Survey of Energy Efficiency in Wireless Human Body Sensors Lifetime for Healthcare Applications
Trends in Telemedicine & E-health, 2019
Wireless Human Body Sensor Networks (WHBSNs) are extensively used in vital sign monitoring applications and predicting crop health in in order to identify emergency situations and allow caregivers to respond efficiently. When a sensor is drained of energy, it can no longer achieve its role without a substituted source of energy. However, limited energy in a sensor’s battery prevents the long-term process in such applications. In addition, replacing the sensors’ batteries and redeploying the sensors can be very expensive in terms of time and budget and need the presence of the patient at the hospital. To overcome the energy limitation, researchers have proposed the use of energy harvesting to reload the rechargeable battery by power. Therefore, efficient power management is required to increase the benefits of having additional environmental energy. This paper presents a review of energy efficient harvesting mechanisms to extend the Wireless Human Body Sensors lifetime.
Wearable power Harvester for medical applications
SHS Web of Conferences, 2014
Intelligent biomedical clothes combine health problem prevention, comfort, convenience, entertainment and communication with fashion and make everyday life easier. Homecare and healthcare applications wireless, mobile networks and wireless sensors improve the existing monitoring capabilities especially for the elderly, children, chronically ill and also for athletes. Sensor nodes are generally battery-powered devices. Batteries add size, weight and inconvenience to portable electronic devices and require periodical replacement. Nowadays the human power is an alternative and attractive energy source. Energy, which is generated during routine and seemingly insignificant human motions, shows promise as an alternative to power embedded wireless, mobile networks and wireless sensors. This paper describes the prototype of a smart garment and offers several alternative integration places of generator's parts, which are based on the principle of operation of the electromagnetic generator. Seven variants of location are proposed, which are tested and analysed. During the research, analysis of the most optimal placement of generator's part in garment has been performed.
Energy Harvesting for Wearable Sensors and Body Area Network Nodes
Energies
This paper aims to present new trends in energy-harvesting solutions pertaining to wearable sensors and powering Body Area Network nodes. To begin, we will present the capability of human beings to generate energy. We then examine solutions for converting kinetic and thermal energy from the human body. As part of our review of kinetic converters, we survey the structures and performance of electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric systems. Afterward, we discuss thermal energy converters that utilize the heat generated by humans. In the final section, we present systems for converting energy from the electromagnetic waves surrounding a person. A number of these systems are suitable for use as wearables, such as RF harvesters and micro photovoltaic cells.
Regular, 2020
Thermoelectric energy harvester is known as a type of energy harvesting technologies which extracts waste heat from a target device or object to generate electrical power. The low power generation from thermoelectric energy harvester, though, is always a critical consideration in designing a self-sustaining system. The energy harvesting system is usually aided by a power management solution to further enhance the power generation for better performance. Therefore, maximizing the power generated from the thermoelectric sensor itself is essential in order to select the most suitable power management approach. This paper presumed the methodology to maximize power generation of thermoelectric and further discussion is reviewed in the report.
Autonomous Patient/Home Health Monitoring Powered by Energy Harvesting
GLOBECOM 2017 - 2017 IEEE Global Communications Conference, 2017
This paper presents the design of an autonomous smart patient/home health monitoring system. Both patient physiological parameters as well as room conditions are being monitored continuously to insure patient safety. The sensors are connected on an IoT regime, where the collected data is wirelessly transferred to a nearby gateway which performs preliminary data analysis, commonly referred to as fog computing, to make sure emergency personnel and healthcare providers are notified in case patient being monitored is at risk. To achieve power autonomy three energy harvesting sources are proposed, namely, solar, RF and thermal. The design of RF energy harvesting system is demonstrated, where novel multiband antenna is fabricated as well as an efficient RF- DC rectifier achieving maximum efficiency of 84%. Finally, the sensor node is tested with different type of sensors and settings while being solely powered by a Photovoltaic (PV) solar cell.
Measurement Science and Technology, 2014
Implantable medical devices usually require a battery to operate and this can represent a severe restriction. In most cases, the implantable medical devices must be surgically replaced because of the dead batteries; therefore, the longevity of the whole implantable medical device is determined by the battery lifespan. For this reason, researchers have been studying energy harvesting techniques from the human body in order to obtain batteryless implantable medical devices. The human body is a rich source of energy and this energy can be harvested from body heat, breathing, arm motion, leg motion or the motion of other body parts produced during walking or any other activity. In particular, the main human-body energy sources are kinetic energy and thermal energy. This paper reviews the state-of-art in kinetic and thermoelectric energy harvesters for powering implantable medical devices. Kinetic energy harvesters are based on electromagnetic, electrostatic and piezoelectric conversion. The different energy harvesters are analyzed highlighting their sizes, energy or power they produce and their relative applications. As they must be implanted, energy harvesting devices must be limited in size, typically about 1 cm 3 . The available energy depends on human-body positions; therefore, some positions are more advantageous than others. For example, favorable positions for piezoelectric harvesters are hip, knee and ankle where forces are significant. The energy harvesters here reported produce a power between 6 nW and 7.2 mW; these values are comparable with the supply requirements of the most common implantable medical devices; this demonstrates that energy harvesting techniques is a valid solution to design batteryless implantable medical devices.
Energy harvesting from human body for biomedical autonomous systems
2008 IEEE Sensors, 2008
The aim of this paper is to illustrate the possibility of recovering electrical energy from human body with micro and macro movements. Micro movements are from breath while macro movements are from hands and/or foot. Their combination can represent, in terms of quantity, an interesting availability to supply biomedical autonomous apparatuses and devices. The choice of integrating these kinds of movements will help patients or persons to recover energy, e.g. from breath while they are seated. Consequently, a correct modeling is requested to optimize the energy converter for supplying the biomedical autonomous systems. In human beings, when each breath process is completed, the lung still contains a volume of air, called the functional residual capacity (approximately 2200 mL). The current research shows the usefulness of a correct modeling, hence a correct converter. The paper allows to determine the minimum mechanical energy necessary to get an interesting level of electrical energy.