The wisdom of prevention: Holistic, preventive herb approach for healing of the globe (original) (raw)

2021, The Pharma Innovation Journal

Abstract

From ancient times, herbs as medicinal plants have been used in all cultures as a major source of medicine. Numerous herbal remedies are well described in ancient texts as in Vedas and the Bible, which are commonly obtained from traditional herbs and medicinal plants, have been traced to the occurrence of natural products with medicinal properties. Plants are source of numerous active plant agents such as alkaloids, bitters, cardiac glycosides, Cyanogenic Glycosides, Flavonoids, minerals, phenols, Polysaccharides, Proanthocyanins, Saponins, tannins and vitamins, volatile oils etc. that play major role in improving human health. Due to vastness, climatic and geographical conditions, India has major contribution having biodiversity of valuable plants. However, with over population, the insufficient supply of drugs, knock on effects of various allopathic medicine. Recent advanced technology has fueled the role of medicinal plants as re-emergent health aid. Worldwide, user friendly nature and intrinsic side effects of modern drugs has renewal of drug's traditional system. The article highlights the uses of traditional medicinal systems, properties of herbal plants, phytochemistry, dependency on local plants and threats and conservation values of medicinal herbs. Therefore, along with proper source of knowledge for the biodiversity conservation allow genuine management of floral biodiversity and its resources. The future availability of floral ingredients supports medications directory that totally dependent on conservation and sustainable use of plant species on the deep-rooted documentation.

Figures (12)

Table 1:Involvement of various plant families in targeting health issues

Table 1:Involvement of various plant families in targeting health issues

care and wellness purposes (WHO 2003). Several developed countries practices the health care system especially on medicinal plants and take various important steps to preserve the popularity, ancient and cultural knowledge. 70% human population and 90% livestock of Ethiopia total depends on alternative medicinal remedies (Bekele 2011) °°. In South Asia’s more than 80% population have no access to current health care system and using native species instead of traditional medicines (Roberson 2010) '°!. Also observed that more than 70% of developing nation’s population still show dependency on these traditional system of medications which include > 80% Africa’s population, 71% Chile’s populations and 40% Columbia’s population (Shaikh and Hatcher2005) (861 This data clearly shows that the traditional healers play a powerful role in saving the lives of African human population and have the prospective serve as crucial constituent of a comprehensive health management strategy. Because of imited availability and affordability means poverty, ignorance of modern fitness facilities and pharmaceutical medicines have shown that the majority of the world’s population, especially the rural world still rely on traditional medical remedies (IUCN 2011; Marinelli 2005) 4 1, Presence of approximately 250,000 higher floral species on planet, > 80,000 species codified as medicinal plants with having at least some medicinal value. All over the world, approximately 315 species of total 400 flowering plants’ families are represented by India alone. WHO report has been analyzed about 60,000 species of plants are used for medicinal purposes of which 28000 are well documented and about 3000 species are internationally traded with 1/3" of those well known to be in the traded cultivation (Jenkins et al 2018). However, some of the medicinal properties ascribed to floras have been demonstrated to be inaccurate, the utilization of traditional medicinal plants for the curing of numerous ailments is familiar and registered since past times. Jiaxiang in his studies showed that about4877 floral species related to distinct plant groups having potential medicinal value (Gurib- Fakim 2006; Joy et al. 2001; Jiaxiang 1997) "71.44. 461, The distribution of the flora in India includesabout600 species of pteridophyte (25% endemic), 8, 000 ‘species of angiosperm SALKKMYI _ 2 oe 7 VARA. a a ae oF

care and wellness purposes (WHO 2003). Several developed countries practices the health care system especially on medicinal plants and take various important steps to preserve the popularity, ancient and cultural knowledge. 70% human population and 90% livestock of Ethiopia total depends on alternative medicinal remedies (Bekele 2011) °°. In South Asia’s more than 80% population have no access to current health care system and using native species instead of traditional medicines (Roberson 2010) '°!. Also observed that more than 70% of developing nation’s population still show dependency on these traditional system of medications which include > 80% Africa’s population, 71% Chile’s populations and 40% Columbia’s population (Shaikh and Hatcher2005) (861 This data clearly shows that the traditional healers play a powerful role in saving the lives of African human population and have the prospective serve as crucial constituent of a comprehensive health management strategy. Because of imited availability and affordability means poverty, ignorance of modern fitness facilities and pharmaceutical medicines have shown that the majority of the world’s population, especially the rural world still rely on traditional medical remedies (IUCN 2011; Marinelli 2005) 4 1, Presence of approximately 250,000 higher floral species on planet, > 80,000 species codified as medicinal plants with having at least some medicinal value. All over the world, approximately 315 species of total 400 flowering plants’ families are represented by India alone. WHO report has been analyzed about 60,000 species of plants are used for medicinal purposes of which 28000 are well documented and about 3000 species are internationally traded with 1/3" of those well known to be in the traded cultivation (Jenkins et al 2018). However, some of the medicinal properties ascribed to floras have been demonstrated to be inaccurate, the utilization of traditional medicinal plants for the curing of numerous ailments is familiar and registered since past times. Jiaxiang in his studies showed that about4877 floral species related to distinct plant groups having potential medicinal value (Gurib- Fakim 2006; Joy et al. 2001; Jiaxiang 1997) "71.44. 461, The distribution of the flora in India includesabout600 species of pteridophyte (25% endemic), 8, 000 ‘species of angiosperm SALKKMYI _ 2 oe 7 VARA. a a ae oF

Fig 1:Phytochemical compounds used for ailment of various diseases.

Fig 1:Phytochemical compounds used for ailment of various diseases.

Table 2: Bioactive compounds derived from various medicinal plants and their role in disease ailment.

Table 2: Bioactive compounds derived from various medicinal plants and their role in disease ailment.

These are many medicinal plant ex., Aloe, Tulsi, Neem, Turmeric and Ginger considered as home remedies as well as important source of nutrition in many parts of the country. Many plant and their derivatives active ingredients as used in aspirin and toothpaste productions. They are also used in productions of pesticides, food, perfumes, tea and natural dye. In most of the countries, various types of medicinal flora are used as repellents for ants, flies, mice and flee. Recently, traditional medicinal plants are considered as major source of pharmaceutical industry.

These are many medicinal plant ex., Aloe, Tulsi, Neem, Turmeric and Ginger considered as home remedies as well as important source of nutrition in many parts of the country. Many plant and their derivatives active ingredients as used in aspirin and toothpaste productions. They are also used in productions of pesticides, food, perfumes, tea and natural dye. In most of the countries, various types of medicinal flora are used as repellents for ants, flies, mice and flee. Recently, traditional medicinal plants are considered as major source of pharmaceutical industry.

Table 3: Uses of medicinal plants in different parts of world.

Table 3: Uses of medicinal plants in different parts of world.

Fig 2: Role of different medicinal plants use in herbal formulation as remedies.

Fig 2: Role of different medicinal plants use in herbal formulation as remedies.

Table 4:Global market of medicinal plants Threats and management to conserve _ traditional medicinal plants situ conservation, cultivate medicinal flora species for prevention of further depletion of herbal wealth and necessity to be tapped and documented properly. Because of natural and anthropogenic activities is resulted in the loss valuable indigenous knowledge of traditional medicinal plants. Fr example, in traditional ethno pharmacy the demand and renewed global interest increasing, coupled with the increasing preference for natural substances in the health care system which put the natural stock of traditional medicina flora of Himachal Pradesh, India is under frightful pressure (Dhar et al. 2000; Samant er al. 2007) ®!. This link suggests that we need to conduct more ethno-botanical research, document the medicinal plants properly and to store this indigenous knowledge. These data are actually useful to identify and classify endangered herbal floral species and to take accurate conservation efforts in the coming days (Karunamoorthi et al. 2009a; Karunamoorthi et al. 2009b; Lulekal et al. 2008; Karunamoorthi and Tsehaye 2012) “>: 112, 1131 Only 7% medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) information about the global threats to species survival is of approximately 20% of these species are threatened with extinction in the wild based according to IUCN Red List criteria. Globally MAPs traded has nearly threefold in the past 20 years i.e. from 1999 (USD1.1 billion) to 2015 (USD3 billion).

Table 4:Global market of medicinal plants Threats and management to conserve _ traditional medicinal plants situ conservation, cultivate medicinal flora species for prevention of further depletion of herbal wealth and necessity to be tapped and documented properly. Because of natural and anthropogenic activities is resulted in the loss valuable indigenous knowledge of traditional medicinal plants. Fr example, in traditional ethno pharmacy the demand and renewed global interest increasing, coupled with the increasing preference for natural substances in the health care system which put the natural stock of traditional medicina flora of Himachal Pradesh, India is under frightful pressure (Dhar et al. 2000; Samant er al. 2007) ®!. This link suggests that we need to conduct more ethno-botanical research, document the medicinal plants properly and to store this indigenous knowledge. These data are actually useful to identify and classify endangered herbal floral species and to take accurate conservation efforts in the coming days (Karunamoorthi et al. 2009a; Karunamoorthi et al. 2009b; Lulekal et al. 2008; Karunamoorthi and Tsehaye 2012) “>: 112, 1131 Only 7% medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) information about the global threats to species survival is of approximately 20% of these species are threatened with extinction in the wild based according to IUCN Red List criteria. Globally MAPs traded has nearly threefold in the past 20 years i.e. from 1999 (USD1.1 billion) to 2015 (USD3 billion).

Fig 3: Overview of dependency on conventional medicinal systems in global level.

Fig 3: Overview of dependency on conventional medicinal systems in global level.

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