Five-year (January 2004–December 2008) surveillance on animal bite and rabies vaccine utilization in the Infectious Disease Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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Background: Animal bite management are very crucial part in the post prophylaxis treatment. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the demographic profile of animal bite cases at a dedicated anti-rabies hospital. Methodology: This retrospective chart review based on secondary data received from animal bite register was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2014 to December 2015 for a period of two years. All relevant data were noted from the registered record. Result: A total number of 17688 cases were collected from the register log book of animal bite. The mean age with standard deviation was 24.42±17.22 with the range of 1 to 99 years. The ratio between male and female was 2.33:1. The most common animal bite was dog bite which was 13574(76.7%) cases followed by cat, monkey, fox and weasel bite which were 3667(20.7%) cases, 163(0.9%) cases, 39(0.2%) cases and 22(0.1%) cases resp...
Trends and clinico-epidemiological features of human rabies cases in Bangladesh 2006-2018
Nature Research, 2020
Vaccinating dogs against rabies is an effective means of reducing human rabies. We subjected 1327 clinically diagnosed human rabies death and mass dog vaccination (MDV) data during 2006-2018 to quantify the impacts of MDV on human rabies incidence in Bangladesh and a subset of rabies death data (422) for clinico-epidemiological analysis. A positive and increasing trend of MDV (p = 0.01 and tau = 0.71) and a negative and declining trend (p < 0.001 and tau = −0.88) of human rabies cases (Correlation coefficient: −0.82) have been observed. Among 422 deaths, the majority (78%) of the victims sought treatment from traditional healers, and 12% received post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The mean incubation period of rabies in cases with exposure sites on the head & neck (35 days) was shorter than the upper limb (mean = 64 days, p = 0.02) and lower limb (mean = 89 days, p < 0.01). MDV has been found to be effective for reducing human rabies cases in Bangladesh. Creating awareness among the animal bite victims to stop reliance on traditional healers rather seeking PEP, addressing the role of traditional healers through awareness education programme with respect to the treatment of dog bites, ensuring availability of PEP, and continuing to scale up MDV may help to prevent human rabies deaths. Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease responsible for the death of approximately 59,000 people worldwide with more than 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years lost annually 1. Due to acute progressive encephalitis, rabies is almost always fatal once clinical signs appear. The disease occurs predominantly in impoverished communities, in both rural and urban areas, and has been recognized for over 4000 years 2,3. Rabies is present across all continents, except Antarctica with more than 95% of human fatalities happening in the areas of Asia and Africa, and approximately 40% of cases in the population are aged below 15 years. Although all warm-blooded animals are susceptible to rabies, domestic dogs are the main cause of rabies virus transmission to humans in up to 99% of cases in rabies-endemic regions 4. Most cases of rabies are caused by the bite of an infected dog. The effect of rabies virus (RABV) exposure depends on a number of factors, including the gravity of the wound, the anatomical site of the bite on the body, the viral quantity and variant (genotype) inoculated into the wound(s) and the timeliness of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) 3. The clinical manifestation of human rabies can appear in any of two forms: the widely perceived furious (classical or encephalitic) form or the paralytic (or dumb) form 5,6. Each case of rabies has
Awareness of rabies and response to dog bites in a Bangladesh community
Community awareness regarding rabies and treatment seeking behaviours are critical both for the prevention and control of the disease in human and animals. We conducted a study to explore people's awareness about rabies, their attitudes towards dogs and practices associated with treating dog bites in Satkhira Sadar, a southwestern sub-district of Bangladesh. Of the total 3200 households (HHs) surveyed, the majority of the respondents have heard about rabies (73%) and there was a high level of awareness that dog bite is the main cause of rabies (86%), and that rabies can be prevented by vaccination (85%). However, 59% of the dog bite victims first seek treatment from traditional healers instead of visiting the hospitals, 29% received the rabies vaccine, 2% practiced proper wound washing with soap and water, while 4.8% have not taken any measures. None of the victims have received rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). Of the respondents, 5.2% reported a history of dog bite in at least one family member, and 11.8% reported a history of dog bite in domestic animals during the previous year. The HHs having a higher number of family members (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07-1.2), having a pet dog (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.2) and caring or feeding a community dog (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-2.9) showed an increased risk of getting a dog bite. Among the bite victims, 3.6% (n = 6) humans and 15.8% (n = 60) animals died. As a measure for dog population management (DPM), 56% preferred sterilization while the rest preferred killing of dogs. The current treatment seeking behaviours of the respondents should be improved through additional education and awareness programme and better availability for the provision of post-exposure prophylaxis in Bangladesh. We recommend scaling up national mass dog vaccination and DPM to reduce the burden of rabies cases and dog bites in Bangladesh.
KYAMC Journal, 2019
Background: Rabies is a public health problem in Bangladesh, with poorer people and children being mainly affected. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the behaviours of dog bite victims following a bite and to assess the knowledge and attitude about rabies among dog bite victims. Materials and Methods: A crosssectional type of descriptive study was designed where individual people who came to the vaccination centre from the month of April 2015 to July 2015 for post-exposure prophylaxis were considered. They were interviewed and followed during subsequent visits until they had received their final dose of vaccination. Result: Among the victims, males 60.9% were more common than females 39.1% and most of them were children aged below 20 years 51 %, mostly from rural areas 69.3%, had very little primary 46.1% or no education 24.7%. Victims were bitten mostly at their legs 89.3%. In response to question regarding what happens following dog bite, 49% couldn't say an...
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2015
Background: Rabies is a fatal viral zoonosis and serious public health problem. It is 100% fatal yet 100% preventable disease. This article discusses epidemiological characteristics of animal bite cases and the attitude and practices among the study population. Objective: To study the epidemiology of animal bite cases reported to anti-rabies vaccination (ARV) outpatient department (OPD), at a tertiary-care hospital, Nagpur.
International journal of current research and review, 2017
Background: Bites from stray dogs are the reason of rabies infection in India most of the time, whereas bite of several other animals such as cats, monkeys, jackals and wolves may cause rabies. People of poor socio-economic class are the majority of victims. Lack of knowledge regarding primary wound management and requirement of post-exposure prophylaxis prevails in a large part of our country. Objectives: 1. To assess the epidemiological profile of animal bite victims. 2. To assess the adherence to the present post – exposure prophylaxis protocol. 3. To assess the present practice and knowledge regarding treatment of animal bites. Materials and Methods: Total 100 animal bite victims attending the Rabies vaccination clinic at Malda Medical College and Hospital, Malda, West Bengal were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire format. Results: Majority of the victims were from lower income group (58%). 62% were male. The biting animal was mostly dog (82%). 69% patients were bitten...
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2016
Rabies is a widespread, neglected and under reported zoonosis with an almost 100% case fatality rate in human untreated on time, and causes a significant social and economic burden. 1 The disease is caused by a neurotropic virus belonging to the genus Lysa virus in the family Rhabdoviridae. The virus is transmitted by its introduction into wounds or cuts in skin or mucus membranes, most commonly by bites of rabid animals. 2 An estimated 55,000 people die annually from rabies. 3 The main biting animal is dog, mostly strays. 4 Rabies is also found to occur following bites by rabid jackals, horse, cats, monkeys. 5 The objective of this study was to study the epidemiological characteristic and anti-rabies practices in patient attending the tertiary care hospital Bikaner, Rajasthan, which will thereby help to create awareness amongst people and guide them to take appropriate preventive measure. This will then help to reduce the disease burden. METHODS The study was conducted amongst patient who attended the Anti-rabies clinic attached to Prince Bijay Singh Memorial (PBM) Hospital Bikaner, with Category II and III injuries caused by bite of animals, for management of ABSTRACT Background: Rabies is a widespread, neglected and under reported zoonosis with an almost 100% case fatality rate in human untreated on time, and causes a significant social and economic burden. Objective: Analysis of animal bite cases attending Anti-rabies clinic attached to Prince Bijay Singh Memorial (PBM) hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan. Methods: The study was conducted amongst patient who attended the Anti-rabies clinic attached to PBM hospital Bikaner for management of their Category II and III injuries caused by bites by various animals, during the 3 year period. Results: Amongst 10916 victims who attended 8335 (76.36%) were males and rest females (male: female ratio 3.2:1). 5796 (53.10%) patients belonged to rural area and 5120 (46.90%) were from urban area. The bite injuries involved different site. Bite of Lower limb accounted for the most 4980 cases (45.62%) then were those of upper limb. Distribution of patients according to different age groups showed preponderance in the 0-10 year's age group 2768 (25.35%) patients, 2266 (20.07%) were in the 11-20 years age group. The most common biting animal was stray dog (76.33%). Month wise distribution showed highest incidence during January 11.11%, and the least cases reported in the month of September 5.81%. Conclusions: India is amongst those countries reporting highest number of deaths due to rabies and also is amongst those countries where most people receive post exposure prophylaxis but true number is still lacking because of absence of well-organized surveillance system. Epidemiological studies like present study may help assess the true magnitude of problem.
Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, 2015
The treatment of human animal-bite victims in India is poor, only 47.9% received any rabies PEP, and nearly half of these received only nerve tissue vaccine, [4] which is not recommended by the WHO. [5] Immunoglobulins were received by only 2.1% of the patients, and compliance in completing the course of PEP was only 40.5%. [4] The objective of the study was to assess epidemiological features and rabies PEP, patients attending the Infectious Disease Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh Situated on the northern Gangetic plains of India. The geographical location of Lucknow is between 26.50° North and 80.50° East. Lucknow is located at an elevation of 123 meters above sea level. The population of Lucknow, according to the India Census 2011, was 4,588,455 of which males and females were 2,407,897 and 2,180,558, respectively. There was an increase Aims: The objective of the study was to assess epidemiological and anti-rabies vaccination status in animal bite patients attending the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Lucknow. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal survey was conducted in the Infectious Diseases Hospital of Lucknow from January to December 2013. During this duration a total of 390 patients presenting with animal bites were included. Results: A majority (63.3%) of patients were in the 16-59 years age group. 75% of patients had attended the IDH for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) within 24 hours. The male to female ratio was 2.98:1. A majority (79.5%) of patients were injured by dogs. 9.0% patients were in close contact with rabies patient. On the basis of WHO classifi cation, 4.2% of animal bite patients were placed in grade I, 88.2 in grade II and 7.6% in grade III. In 73.3% of patients wound were in lower limbs. Complete vaccination was found in 65.0% and the use of human rabies immune globulin was only in 11.1%. Conclusion: Outcome of an animal bite can be fatal. The only preventive/curative measure available is anti-rabies vaccination and the use of human rabies immune globulin, hence to assure 100% compliance for the same awareness campaign is required.