Plasma lipids in Turkish children: impact of puberty, socioeconomic status, and nutrition on plasma cholesterol and HDL (original) (raw)
Related papers
Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology, 2007
Early detection of dyslipidemia and long-term prevention of atherosclerosis by controlling risk factors should begin in childhood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia according to non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in children and also evaluate serum non-HDL-C levels according to age groups, gender difference and living areas. Overall, 2896 children (1467 girls, 1429 boys) aged between 7-18 years, residing in urban and rural parts of Eskişehir, Turkey, were enrolled in this randomized cross-sectional study. Serum non-HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were assessed in all participants of the study. Statistical analysis was performed Student's independent-samples T test for comparison of lipid parameters and relations between lipid parameters and age, anthropometric measurements, body fat percentage were evaluated by Pearson correlation test. Serum non-HDL-C levels were significantly higher in g...
Evalution of Serum Lipid Profiles in Turkish Children Aged Two to Eighteen Years
The West Indian medical journal, 2014
The purpose of this study was to evaluate dyslipidaemia in children according to age, gender, percentiles, mother's education level, breastfeeding duration and areas of residence. A total of 285 children (137 girls; 148 boys), aged between two and 18 years, were enrolled in this cross-sectional, epidemiologic study. Lipid profiles were assessed and its relation with sociodemographic features was evaluated. Dyslipidaemia prevalence was 37.4% (n = 107). High very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are related with percentiles of the children (p = 0.006, p = 0.03, respectively). Gender was a significant factor for VLDL-C, which was higher in girls than boys (p = 0.04). Total cholesterol levels were high in 14 children (4.9%); 72 of the study group (25.3%) had high triglyceride levels; HDL-C levels were low in 52 children (18.2%). All the parameters of dyslipidaemia are not so high in our region. However, as early...
Worldwide distribution of blood lipids and lipoproteins in childhood and adolescence: a review study
Atherosclerosis, 1998
Review and pooled analysis of the relevant worldwide literature was investigated from 1975 to 1996. Eighteen surveys out of 54 were suitable for analysis according to the selection criteria. This represents a total of 60494 observations from 26 countries all over the world. Data suggests differences as great as 76 mg/dl when comparing northern European countries to black African children. The overall curve of cholesterol with age observed in the pooled population indicates a pre-adolescent peak and then a slightly inverse change is observed for both boys and girls, from 3 to 12 years old being almost coincident absolute values. Beyond age 12, values for boys continue to slightly decrease to age 16, while for girls values tend to increase through this age-range. The curve in the late teens (16-18 years) tends to reach pre-teen levels for both sexes, although girls have consistently higher absolute values than boys. There is a great variation in the specific age-sex and race levels of cholesterol among different populations or even in the same populations over a period of time. However, an apparently universal pattern of an early rise, a fall, and a subsequent rise in mean values of total cholesterol by age from the preadolescence to late teens is observed. More data are needed on total cholesterol and lipid fractions between late school age and mid-adulthood.
Do Turkish adults really have lower serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Acta Cardiologica, 2007
Background -Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in Turkey.The Turkish Heart Study and TEKHARF study have been carried out at various times and in different parts of Turkey and have suggested that the Turkish population has a low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level. However, in our daily practice, mean HDL-C levels were not as low as previously reported. Here, we investigated the lipid profile, especially the HDL-C level, in the population of the Duzce region of northwest Turkey. Methods -Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL-C levels were measured in 674 healthy volunteers (398 women and 276∞ ∞men); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were calculated using the Friedewald equation. Results -The mean serum HDL-C level was 46.1∞∞±∞∞9.8∞∞mg/dl in men and 53.2∞∞±∞∞10.7∞∞mg/dl in women; these values are higher than expected based on the Turkish Heart Study. The mean serum total cholesterol level was 196.7∞ ∞ ±∞ ∞ 43.2∞ ∞mg/dL in men and 198.4∞ ∞±∞ ∞43.9∞ ∞mg/dL in women; the mean LDL-C level was 119.6∞ ∞±∞ ∞ 34.9∞ ∞ mg/dL in men and 118.7∞ ∞ ±∞ ∞ 34.1∞ ∞mg/dL in women; and the mean serum triglyceride level was 151.4∞ ∞±∞ ∞ 80.9∞ ∞ mg/dL in men and 132.1∞ ∞±∞ ∞68.9∞ ∞ mg/dL in women. Conclusions -Our finding that the HDL-C level in this population was higher than the previously reported levels in Turkey indicates that HDL-C levels may not be as low as previously thought. We believe that lower HDL-C levels that were previously reported might be due to the difference between techniques of analysis, nutritional status, and percent of subjects who were fasting in the day of analysis or improper subject inclusion which did not reflect the Turkish population causing selection bias.
Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology, 2006
Low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. The Turkish Heart Study revealed very low levels of plasma HDL-C in the Turkish population, a fact confirmed by the Heart Disease and Risk Factors in Turkish Adults study. Low HDL-C levels have also been observed in Turks living in the United States, Germany, and the Netherlands. Dietary habits do not explain the low HDL-C levels, which were found in Turkish Heart Study participants from six regions of Turkey with significant differences in typical diets. Among newborns and pre-pubescent children, plasma HDL-C levels were similar in Turks and western Europeans. After puberty, however, HDL-C levels declined significantly in Turkish boys and girls. These results suggest a genetic basis for the low HDL-C levels. In fact, hepatic lipase activity modulated by sex hormones was 25-30% higher in the Turkish population than in other populations. Elevated hepatic lipase activi...
Association of early life factors with dyslipidemia in children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V study
2020
Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal/infancy factors and lipid profile in children and adolescents. Methods: This multicentric national study was conducted in 30 provinces in Iran. It comprised 4200 participants, aged 7-18 years, from the fifth survey of a national surveillance program. History regarding birth weight, as well as the type of consumed milk and food during infancy was obtained from parents. In addition to physical examinations, fasting blood samples were obtained to assess the lipid profile of these students. Results: Data from 3844 participants were available (91.5% participation rate), 52.4 % of students were boys. Mean (SD) age of participants was 12.3(3.2) years. Consuming cow milk in the first two years significantly increased the risk of high triglycerides (TG) (odds ratio [OR]:2.77, 95% CI: 1.32-5.85, P: 0.01), elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P<0.05) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P <0.05). Students ...
Blood lipids among young children in Europe: results from the European IDEFICS study
International Journal of Obesity, 2014
on behalf of the IDEFICS consortium BACKGROUND: Measurement of cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) fractions in blood has become standard practice in the early detection of atherosclerotic disease pathways. Considerable attention is given nowadays to the presence of these risk factors in children and to start preventive campaigns early in life. In this context, it is imperative to have valid comparative frameworks for interpretation of lipid levels. The aim of this study is to present sex-and age-specific reference values on blood lipid levels in European children aged 2.0-10.9 years. METHODS: Fasting blood was obtained via either venipuncture or capillary sampling. In 13 579 European non-obese children (50.3% boys), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), TG and TC/HDL-C ratio levels were measured with a point-of-care analyser (Cholestech). Sex-and age-specific reference values were computed with the GAMLSS method with the statistical software R. RESULTS: Reference curves and 1st, 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 97th and 99th percentile values are presented. HDL-C showed a positive trend with age, from 2 years onwards, but was relatively stable above the age of 7. For LDL-C and TC, linear but small age-related trends were seen. The TC/HDL-C values showed a gradual negative trend from the age of 2 up to 6 and were relatively stable afterwards. For TG, no age trend was found (P = 0.285). Boys had higher mean HDL-C values than girls (1.414 vs 1.368 mmol l − 1), and lower TC, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C and TG values (3.981 vs 4.087 mmol l − 1 ; 2.297 vs 2.435 mmol l − 1 ; 2.84 vs 3.01mmol l − 1 ; and 0.509 vs 0.542 mmol l − 1 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These new and recent references could serve as a European orientation of blood lipid values in children in the context of standard medical practice and for the purpose of public health screening.
European journal of epidemiology, 2001
Data from 3148 participants aged 3-19 years (1447 males and 1701 females) in the cross-sectional phase of Tehran lipid and glucose study (February 1999-May 2000) were used to determine serum lipid levels [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)] after 12-14 hours overnight fast. The values were analyzed by sex and age. Mean serum TC concentration was 170 mg/dl. TC was significantly greater in females than males (173 vs. 167 mg/dl, p < 0.05). The 90th and 95th percentiles for serum TC were 211 and 227 mg/dl, respectively. There was a significant decrease in mean TC in males during puberty. Thirty-one percent of population had TC values between 170 and 199 mg/dl and 16% had values of 200 mg/dl or greater. The mean TGs values were 103 for males and 108 mg/dl for females [non-significant (NS)]. The prevalence of high-risk values of TGs increased with age in males, reaching a peak at 17-...