A Sediment Detection Analysis with Multi Sensor Satellites: Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf case studies (original) (raw)
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Assessment of Suspended Sediments Concentration in Surface Waters, Using Modis Images
American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2008
Remote sensing from air-borne and space-borne sensors have proved to be a useful method for Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) estimation as it provides an instantaneous and synoptic view of suspended sediments that would otherwise be unavailable. The reason for the success of remote sensing in such surveys is the strong positive relationship that exists between SSC and remotely sensed water leaving radiance. To find an algorithm relating SSC to spectral radiance over Bahmansheer River Estuary at the North-West of Persian Gulf, a three-month field expedition (April to June 2003) was conducted while the MODIS sensor on board Terra simultaneously flew over the scene. Fifty seven samples in fifteen trips were collected. The collected samples were analyzed by measuring concentration, diameters of the sediment particles and by determining the sediment constituents. Total concentration ranged between 30 and 500 mg, the range of particle diameter was from less than a micrometer to more than 20 micrometers and finally it was found that the sediment was composed of Quartz, Kaolinite, Orthoclase, Chlorite, Calcite, Gypsum, Muscovite, Halite, Anhydrite, Apatite, Biotite and a low amount of Albite. It is found that the spectral characteristics of these compositions are partly responsible for the reflected and/or scattered energy in different bands while the correlation between larger suspended particle concentration and spectral radiance was profound.
Analysis of Multi Temporal Satellite Imagery for Total Suspended Sediment in Coastal Water
Total suspended sediments - TSS control has great importance for coastal managers and audiences as direct results for its drastic effects on any coastal ecosystem. Remote sensing techniques have been applied in this study for detection, study, and analyzing the suspended sediment manner in Gaza Strip coastal area in Palestine as a wave active coastal area. Five different Landsat satellite images have readily detected TSS concentrations in the study area included error margin that regarding many causes, such as images' acquisition date difference from sampling date, and circulation and tides. First of all, remote sensing and attribute data were collected about the study area. We downloaded five different Landsat scenes for Gaza coastal zone. Another 64 tested and coordinated TSS samples for different points along Gaza coast have been granted by University of Palestine Civil Engineering Department. Digital numbers - DN for relative brightness were obtained for each sample point in the optical and NIR bands for regression establishing between DNs and their corresponding TSS concentrations in each pixel. Five different regression equations were also obtained, each one was as a function of DN and TSS as output. Each equation contained such a correlation factor -R. Correlation factors values were 0.608, 0.668, 0.700, 0.702, and 0.644 for the 1999, 2003, 2010, 2014, and 2015 images respectively. Correlation factor values inversely proportional with the time difference between acquisition and sampling dates. After that whole pixel bands that contained highest correlation in all images have entered in its regression equation to calculate TSS concentration in mg\l, and generate five TSS concentration maps. xii Moreover, a detailed analysis and discussion were established to study TSS behavior in the target study area. Suspended sediment transport direction via counterclockwise circulation from Nile River has been shown. TSS deposition on the Gaza Seaport and the sequenced erosion and accretion problem was also discussed beside high and low TSS concentration places along shorelines in Gaza Coastal zone. Keywords: TSS, Landsat, circulation, water column.
Remote Sensing of Suspended Sediment Over Gulf of Martaban
Ekologia, 2015
Gulf of Martaban is located at the north of Andaman, and is one of the world most turbid areas. The presence of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the water body could reduce the underwater transmittance. This study has been conducted to investigate the variation of SSC over the Gulf of Martaban. Remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) of 667 nm is used as a proxy to represent the sediment SSC variation over the study area. The data for the period of July 2002 to March 2014 acquired from MODIS Aqua 4 km resolution are used in this study. As a result, there is no obvious yearly variation in the SSC cover area. The SSC variation over this study area is found to be seasonal. High homogenous SSC covers area observably during the northeast (NE) monsoon season that occurs from December to January. The sediment cover area could reach the latitude of 15°N that located at the south of the gulf. During southwest (SW) monsoon season that occurs from May to September, low and sparse SSC cover a...
International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 2016
Sediment load materials is one of the key factors that determine the surface water quality, both of oceanic and river water, and it specifies water optical properties. Thus it provides a background for a plenty of applications and projects in the water and oceanography community. Landsat detects and classifies reflected solar energy from bodies on the earth's surface. Suspended sediments existing in water column have an optical influences. So that, Landsat images could detect suspended sediments concentration in such a water surface. In this study we have three main objectives to be achieved as; TSS Concentration maps generation in the Gaza Strip coastal zone, achieving analysis processes on TSS trend itself and TSS related coastal phenomenon, and investigation of the ability of Landsat images to detect TSS comprehensively in a wavy coastal zone. For this purpose two landsat TM5 images acquired in 1999 and 2010, one Landsat TM7 images acquired in 2003, and 2 Landsat Oli 8 ima...
Mapping of Total Suspended Solids on the Coastal of Bangkalan Madura Using Satellite Image Data
2019
Total suspended matters or often called total suspended solid (TSS) is a fine material that is spread in the main body of water in coastal areas and river flow. This material is a parameter that is widely used to detect sedimentation or erosion on the coast. The mapping of the distribution of suspended solids has been carried out by many researchers in various parts of the world, and on this research satellite technology will be used in mapping the suspended solids on the Bangkalan coast of Madura island. The method used in this study is the calculation of an algorithm of the reflectance values of satellite images with the TSS field data with reflectors at RGB(red, green,blue) wavelengths, and the satellite images used in this study are Aqua Modis images acquired on June 17, 2019. The results obtained indicate that Aqua Modis imagery can be used to map the distribution of the total value of suspended solids (TSS) with a high enough accuracy, both for linear algorithms and for expone...
Space-Temporal analysis of suspended sediment in low concentration reservoir by remote sensing
RBRH
The study of small reservoirs with low suspended sediment concentration (CSS) is still a challenge for remote sensing. In this work we estimate CSS from the optical properties of water and orbital imagery. Campaigns were carried out at selected dates according to the calendar of sensor passages, rainfall seasonality and hydrograph of the reservoir for the collection of surface water samples and field spectroradiometry. The calibration between CSS and spectral behavior generated CSS estimation models from MODIS and Landsat 8 data, allowing investigation of their temporal and spatial behavior. The MODIS model generated a time series of CSS from 2000 to 2017, presenting R2 = 0.8105 and RMSE% = 39.91%. The Landsat 8 model allowed the spatial analysis of CSS, with R2 = 0.8352 and RMSE% = 15.12%. The combination of the proposed models allowed the temporal and spatial analysis of the CSS and its relationships with the rainfall regime and the quota variation of the Descoberto reservoir (DF)...
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
In this study, 11 CBERS 2B and 1 LANDSAT 5-TM satellite images from 2008 were used to estimate the suspended sediment concentration and the total suspended sediment load of the Parnaíba River (NEBrazil). The calculation of the amount of sediment in suspension was performed using Tassan’s algorithm, which was riginally developed for use on LANDSAT 5-TM images; therefore, the CBERS 2B images were spectrally alibrated using LANDSAT 5-TM at-satellite radiance. The application of atmospheric correction to the images was necessary to account for meteorological influence on the spectral data prior to the calculation of the suspended sediment concentration. Three types of dark object subtraction and the 6S model were tested, and one type of dark object subtraction was chosen as the appropriate atmospheric correction method. Tassan’s algorithm requires in situ calibration; therefore, suspended sediment concentrations measured in water samples from the Parnaíba River mouth were used to calibr...
Estimation of suspended particulate matter in Gulf using MODIS data
Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 2012
for turbid conditions in the North Sea was applied in Gulf water using MODIS band 13 data centered at 667 nm. Satellite estimates of suspended particulate matter are extremely well correlated with the in-situ measurements (p = 0.97 and 1.00 for north (turbid) and south (clear) transects. Therefore, this technique can be effective for such estimation in Gulf waters as a surrogate for in-situ measurements.
International Journal of Environmental Research, 2013
This study presents an empirical relationship of suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) in the coastal waters, which is derived from the conventional methods, to radiometer remote sensing reflectance values (Rrs) and satellite data in coastal waters of Kerala. An algorithm is then developed to utilize both in situ SSCs measured from conventional methods and Rrs values. This algorithm is validated with the SSCs retrieved from Oceansat-2 Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) data. A significant coefficient of determination (R2=0.62) is observed between the SSCs measured in situ and satellite derived SSCs. Reflectance values from more than two spectral wavelength bands are also employed to test the accuracy of results. Satellite derived SSCs range from 1- 40 mg/L in the coastal waters off Cochin, southwest India. The regional algorithm developed for the study area gives better results than Tassan’s algorithm, and this algorithm can be used in estimation of SSC for coastal waters of western India.