Immune Response in Periodontitis and Modulatory Value of Staphylococcal Antigens (original) (raw)
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Periodontal Vaccine: A New Paradigm for Prevention of Periodontal Diseases
Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry, 2010
Vaccination is a process that induces specific immune resistance to a bacterial or viral infectious disease. Vaccines have prevented several infectious diseases for many years, and are still being investigated. In late eighteenth century, Edward Jenner developed and established the principle of vaccination using the cross protection conferred by cowpox virus, which is non pathogenic in humans. Regarding a vaccine against the periodontal disease, the complexity of the periodontopathic bacteria might be a problem in determination of Antigens. Among some 300 species of bacteria involved in subgingival plaque, 5-7 species have been implicated in the etiology of periodontitis but one or two species; P.gingivalis or B. forsythus might play an important role as primary pathogens. Vaccination accomplished can be active immunization, passive immunization or DNA vaccination, made from the antigenic epitopes in periodontopathic bacteria. In light of the increasing evidence that periodontitis s...
Vaccination against periodontitis: the saga continues
Expert Review of Vaccines, 2007
The periodontium & periodontal disease History of periodontal disease research Requirement for vaccines against periodontal diseases Strategies employed for the development of periodontitis vaccines Passive immunization against Porphyromonas gingivalis Immunization against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Immunization targeting antecedent plaque microbes Hurdles & speculations in periodontitis vaccine development Conclusions
PERIODONTAL VACCINES: ARTILLARY TO CONQUER MICROBES
The periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissues. Its initial form, gingivitis which often remains symptomless, can progress into periodontitis leading to bad breath, oral discomfort and tooth loss. Its polymicrobial etiology is one of the major reasons for tooth loss. Main pathogens involved are gram negative anaerobic bacteria which include Porphyromomas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Present treatment options available only helps in arresting the disease to progress. It can neither cure the disease completely nor stop its recurrence. The dental plaque bacteria only starts the disease, it is the host specific inflammatory response which acts as main driven factor for disease progression. Hence main aim should be to alter the host specific response as well as to control the bacteria to progress. Vaccines may act as potent adjunct to mechanical debridement for the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease. The polymicrobial nature of periodontitis and its immune-pathogenic complexity hinders the development of periodontal vaccines. A successful periodontal vaccine must provide protective immunity in the oral cavity.
Periodontal Vaccine- a Shot in the Arm!
International Journal of Advanced Research
Periodontal diseases are immune inflammatory responses induced by dental plaque in which microorganisms harboured within a susceptible periodontium contributes to tissue destruction, bone loss and eventually tooth loss. The etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease is multifactorial which includes host associated factors, genetic factors, immune system dysfunction and environmental factors. Existing treatment modalities have resulted only in arresting the disease progression but have not cured the disease completely, nor do they avert the recurrence. Hence there is a need for therapeutic modalities which may include vaccines targeting periodontal pathogens. Vaccination is induction of immunity by injecting a dead or attenuated form of pathogen. Till date, no pre-emptive modality exists for periodontal disease, the availability of periodontal vaccine would prevent the progression of periodontal diseases. The aim of this review article is to confer the various approaches associated with...
Periodontal vaccine: A therapeutic modality on the horizon ?
The Saudi Journal for Dental Research, 2015
Periodontal diseases with their poly microbial etiology, are a major cause of tooth mortality in the adult population. Current treatment modalities have resulted only in arresting the disease progression but have not cured the disease completely, nor do they prevent the recurrence. Hence there is a need for more sophisticated therapeutic modalities which may include vaccines targeting putative periodontal pathogens. No periodontal vaccine trials have been successful in satisfying all requirements of an ideal periodontal vaccine. Periodontal vaccines could emerge as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in future.
Fundamentals of Immunology and Periodontal Disease – Revisited
International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences, 2018
Periodontal disease is recognized as a major public health problem throughout the world and is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults. Although periodontal disease is of microbial etiology, the determination that periodontal tissue destruction is primarily due to the host response, has created areas of research directed at altering an individual’s reaction to the bacterial challenge. This article is focused in discussing, in brief, the basics and application of the concept of immunology in periodontology. This article is aimed at reviewing the basics of Immunology which is an extremely important aspect of medical science and related to every individual’s Health and Disease. Important aspects such as immunity itself, cells of the immune system, MHC and HLA systems, leukocyte functions, molecular biology, inflammatory mediators of the immune system and immunological aspects of periodontal diseases have been reviewed. A glance through this article may potentially revitalize and ...
2017
Vaccination is a process that induces specific immune resistance to a bacterial or viral infection and Periodontal disease though is multifactorial the complexity of the periodontopathic bacteria might be a problem in determination of Antigens. Till date no preventive modality exists for periodontal disease and treatment rendered is palliative. The search for periodontal vaccine revolves around the antigenic factors of the periodontal pathogens. The objective of periodontal vaccine is to identify the antigens involved in the destructive process of periodontitis against which antibodies would be evoked to exert protection. It also aims to induce mucosal antibody response with little or moderate doses of vaccine. Thus availability of periodontal vaccine would not only prevent and modulate periodontal disease but also enhance the quality of life for whom periodontal treatment cannot be easily obtained.
Role of Immunology in Periodontal Disease: A Brief Review
Journal of Scientific Dentistry, 2018
Periodontitis is a highly complex and multifactorial disease. In recent years, researchers began to focus on bacterial-host interactions. It had been recognized that though the bacteria present in plaque initiates the periodontal inflammation, the host response to these pathogens equally matters in the progression of the disease. Therefore, the severity of this disease is due to a variety of factors, including the presence of periodontopathic bacteria, high levels of proinflammatory mediators and low levels of antiinflammatory mediators. However, the immune response initiated by periodontal disease seems to be much broader. This review attempts to enlighten the various immune mechanisms involved in periodontal disease initiation and progression.
PERIODONTAL VACCINE -A RAY OF HOPE
In the current era, Periodontal disease treatment is focused on the removal of Periodontal microbiota with non surgical therapy & allow growth of the beneficial microorganism. Therefore, for regulating Periodontal disease in humans, availability of a vaccine would be beneficial for the mankind. Specific etiopathogenesis of microbiota suggests that the development of target therapy for target site of microbial colony is most appropriate pathway to treat the disease. Instead of mechanical debridement Vaccination can be a target therapy. Every utmost effort of human started as a dream so also this concept of Periodontal vaccines is notion to mankind., animal studies proving without the doubt, researches are still being going on for open the mystery with humans with the validity of these vaccines. In every seconds medical science has seen recent advancements may be it take longer duration ,but after the discovery of magical vaccine it can come in limelight for welfare of mankind. With the invention of Periodontal vaccines, who knows there might not be a chance for a Periodontist.