VIZCAÍNO SÁNCHEZ, J.; y GARCÍA BLÁNQUEZ, L.A., 2022, "Actuación arqueológica en la Basílica de Algezares", XXVIII Jornadas de Patrimonio Cultural de la Región de Murcia, Murcia, ISBN: 978-84-7564-812-5, pp.157-164 (original) (raw)
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En: Programa de Capacitación para la Conservación, Gestión y Desarrollo Sustentable de las Misiones Jesuíticas Guaraníes. Informe del Tercer Curso Taller
En: Programa de Capacitación para la Conservación, Gestión y Desarrollo Sustentable de las Misiones Jesuíticas Guaraníes. Informe del Tercer Curso Taller / Capacity Building Programme for the Conservation, Management and Sustainable Development of the Jesuit Guarani Missions. Third Workshop-Course Report (Capitán Miranda y Trinidad • ltapua República del Paraguay 24-30 octubre 2005) Luiz A. Bolcato Custodio y María Gloria González C, relatores, pp. 29-32. UNESCO World Heritage Fund y World Monuments Fund.
Medieval Archaeology has grown significantly in Portugal since 1987. This results mainly from a twofold fact: the increasing number of archaeological excavations in the framework of salvage projects and the development of systematic research projects. Despite the recent appearance of Medieval Archaeology in Portuguese archaeological research, the present synthesis is however preceded by a few others that have been published in the last few years (CATARINO, 1995/97, 2002; FONTES, 2002; GOMES, 2002; FERNANDES, 2005a; FERNANDES, MACIAS, 2011). None of these was— or aimed to be —an exhaustive overview. And, once again, this contribution will not, nor could, approach all the works and publications made in the last 30 years. It is interesting to notice that somehow these syntheses reflect the bifocal tendency that can be observed on the subject. As in Spain, Medieval Archaeology in Portugal emerged and developed within two perspectives: the archaeology of Islamic spaces, where the topics of ceramic studies, urbanism and fortifications were the most relevant; and the archaeology of the Christian communities, that focused on the first built manifestations of Christianity (necropolises and temples) and settlement systems, whose approach is closely connected to the study of rock-cut graves, fortifications, and monasteries and churches dated to the beginnings of Portuguese nationality. In the latter, the research is still marked by studies within the History of Art. In my opinion, 1992 indelibly marks the destiny of Medieval Archaeology in the country. Several scientific and social events took place in that year, a fact that enhanced a greater investment in this domain and encouraged researchers. This year also featured the publication of the first volume of the Portuguese journal Arqueologia Medieval (“Medieval Archaeology”) by Mértola’s Archaeological Field. Again in 1992, the “Fourth Meeting of Peninsular Christian Archaeology” took place in Portugal, with the proceedings being published in 1995. Most of the contributions focused on excavation results from Portuguese sites, including an important collection of data on Paleo-Christian contexts. Indeed, the 1990’s marked an important turning point in Medieval Archaeology in the country. A number of factors can be put forward. One was the increasing number of archaeological fieldworks, mainly salvage excavations in urban contexts but also in the framework of the Alqueva Dam megaproject of salvage archaeology. The creation of the Portuguese Institute for Archaeology in 1997 pushed this tendency even further and allowed the funding of multiannual research projects aiming at the study of diverse topics, such as churches and monasteries, regional settlement systems, necropolises, cities and castles. The topic of Medieval fortifications resulted in many publications and archaeological excavations. Already focused by C. A. Ferreira de Almeida (1979), it was followed by M. J. Barroca, who published several relevant papers on the subject (1990/91, 1996/1997, 2003, 2004, 2008/2009). The increase in number of excavation works in Early Medieval churches and monasteries allowed new insights and interpretations on their architectonic and decorative evolutions, which in turn provided new bases for the enrichment of these monuments’ museological discourse. This growing trend in Medieval Archaeology can also be observed in projects focusing settlement systems of given geographical areas or centred in single archaeological sites. Systematic studies of necropolises and rock-cut graves were also carried out. Despite the fact that many researchers attempted to go further than record field data, the most recent theoretical leap is due to I. Martín Viso, who developed new perspectives on the analysis and interpretation of these Early Medieval funerary structures, that are very abundant in the Portuguese territory (MARTÍN VISO, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2017; TENTE, 2015, 2017a). Regarding material culture studies, a substantial development also took place with the increase of publications and thematic meetings, in particular those focusing pottery collections. Unfortunately, the latter are not always accompanied by complete studies of their assemblages—relevance is often paid to exceptional pieces or partial assemblages, thus preventing systematic, comparative studies. Islamic productions have been retaining most of the researchers’ attention. Another topic with a remarkable growth in the last years has been the archaeology of architectures, mostly of religious buildings and castles. According to official regulations, the participation of bio-anthropologists in the excavation of funerary contexts is mandatory in Portugal since 1999. This legal obligation, which runs in parallel with the increasing number of excavations, decisively boosted bio-anthropological and mortuary studies from archaeological contexts. An important development is also noticeable in the study of subsistence strategies, namely based on palaeobotanic and zooarchaeological data. These, however, are still far from systematic. To a great extent, these studies have been limited by the employed field methodologies that often ignore the scientific value of such type of evidence. More than in the case of macrofaunal remains, the (almost) invisibility of botanic and microfaunal remains lies at the core of their (almost) absence in current research. Studies have been more abundant in the domain of zooarchaeology. Here too a stronger focus on Islamic contexts is noticeable, to some extent related to contrasting taphonomic conditions, that are more favourable to organic preservation in the southern half of the country where the presence of Muslim communities was longer and research has been more intensive. Despite the growing number of publications and scientific meetings in the last 30 years, the countless number of field works was not always accompanied by the respective publications. Some of the main published studies can be found in the Bibliography, where the main references are cited. It is also worth mentioning that syntheses, either general or regional, are still lacking. This fact converges into another limitation, which is the scarcity of theoretical reflection that would allow interpretative models to be put forward and the building of a problematizing historical knowledge. However, the future seems promising and it is hoped that the above limitations may be surpassed in the next decades as, in Portugal, we are presently witnessing an increase of academic training in this specific research area.
Mateos Cruz, P.; Morán Sánchez, C. J. (Eds.): Exemplum et Spolia. La reutilización arquitectónica en la transformación del paisaje urbano de las ciudades históricas, Mytra 7, Mérida, 2020
SUMMARY The study of the re-use of Roman architectural materials in the Church of Saint Mary of the Assumption in Grumentum is part of the Chora project – CHOrus of Resources for Archeology – aimed at enhancing the archaeological heritage, promoted by the Director of Matera’s Archaeological Heritage Specialisation School of the Università della Basilicata, Prof. Francesca Sogliani. The analysis of the materials re-used within the walls of the place of worship was conducted by Dr. Margherita Di Tolla under the supervision of Prof. Chiara Tarditi of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and then took a wider perspective, also incorporating the materials re- used in the city of Grumento Nova. The punctual analysis of the pieces was the main methodological criteria which lead to the issue of how and when these materials were re-used. That study was based on collected data, which were analyzed in relation to the masonry stratigraphy macrosequences. KEY WORDS Cathedral, diocese, masonry, Roman colony, Late Antiquity. RESUMEN La investigación sobre la reutilización de los materiales de la arquitectura romana en la Iglesia de Santa Maria Assunta en Grumentum forma parte del proyecto Chora – Chorus of Resourses for Archeology – cuya finalidad es la valorización del patrimonio arqueológico, impulsada por la Licenciatura de Matera de la Università della Basilicata, bajo la dirección de la profesora Francesca Sogliani. El análisis de los materiales reutilizados en las murallas del edificio religioso se ha llevado a cabo por parte de la Dra. Margherita Di Tolla bajo la supervisión de la profesora Chiara Tarditi de la Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore y después se ha ampliado incluyendo también los materiales reutilizados en la ciudad de Grumento Nova. El análisis minuciosa de las piezas ha sido aspecto metodológico más importante para aclarar cómo y cuándo esos materiales fueron reutilizados. Esta investigación fue possible utilizando los datos recogidos y conectandolos con las macrosecuencias de la estratigrafía de las paredes. PALABRAS CLAVE Catedral, diócesis, albañilería, colonia romana, Antigüedad Tardía.
Archaeoastronomy in northern Chile: Andean churches of the Arica and Parinacota region
Paper presented at The Road to the Stars, a joint Meeting of ISAAC, INSAP and SEAC, held in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 18-23 September , 2017
We present the results obtained from the analysis of the precise spatial orientations of almost forty old colonial Christian churches located in the Arica and Parinacota region. This is an extended and difficult to travel area that received little attention from parish priests, and where one might expect some dialogue to have taken place between the Western tradition and the local Aymara culture in regard to the design and construction of temples. We also briefly comment on our plans to explore neighboring areas to the region here studied, which include many additional historical constructions that share similar cultural traditions.
2015
The role of the bishops of Hispania in the construction of churches in the late antique period has been highlighted by a traditional historiography which considered the religious unification under the Catholic creed by the Third Council of Toledo in the year 589 c.e. as the starting point of an active period of construction characterized by close collaboration between the church and the Visigothic monarchy. The principal objective of this paper is to call into question this hypothesis by presenting in an orderly fashion the documentary, epigraphic, and archaeological evidence regarding the sixth and seventh centuries. Conclusions force to reconsider not only the role of the bishops, actually often recorded as responsible for consecration rather than for construction, but also of the private patronage and that of the church-monarchy alliance.