Human health risk assessment of bisphenol A released from polycarbonate drinking water bottles and carbonated drinks exposed to sunlight in Nigeria (original) (raw)
Related papers
Food Science and Technology
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a hazardous contaminant demonstrating endocrine disrupting properties, and assumed to be involved in the pathogenesis of various cancer diseases for instance prostate, lung and breast cancer. The objective of the present study was to estimate the BPA amounts in carbonated beverages from the Saudi Arabian market for the first time using an authenticated technique based on solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of thirty-four carbonated beverages of different flavors, origin and packaging materials were studied. The beverage production periods were from February 2018 to July 2018 containing volume (250-1000 mL), packaging materials were of canned, glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic. BPA amounts in canned (0.64-11.41 µg/L), glass bottled (1.92-29.56 µg/L) and PET plastic bottled (0.37-21.83 µg/L) were obtained with recovery (97.64-99.96%). Relatively, glass bottled has offered higher amounts of BPA compared to PET plastic bottled and canned samples. The unforeseen presence of BPA especially in glass bottled emphasizes the ubiquity of such compound beside the food fabrication chain, far off to the food packaging materials. Thus, a further knowledge on BPA amounts in glass bottled samples, in addition to threat assessment studies, is essential to defend human health.
2018
Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a controversial plastics ingredient used mainly in the production of polycarbonate plastics (PC) and epoxy resins that widely used nowadays in food and drink packaging. Even though BPA is not involved in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) manufacturing, recent study had reported the present of BPA in PET water bottle. This study was conducted to investigate effects storage conditions on release of BPA from PC and PET bottled water as well as to assess health risks associated with consumption. Methods: Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used to extract the samples, followed by analysis using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (UHPLC-FLD). The possibility of developing chronic non-carcinogenic health risk among consumers of bottled water was evaluated using hazard quotient (HQ). Results: Results showed that BPA migrated from PC and PET water bottles at concentrations ranging from 9.13 to 257.67 ng/L and 11.53 ng/L to ...
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have received widespread attention over the years due to their deleterious effects on human health. Bisphenol A (BPA) - a monomer used globally in producing polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, is a prototypic EDC that has received widespread attention due to its estrogenic activity. BPA has been detected in human serum, urine, amniotic fluid, placenta tissues, and umbilical cord blood. Its presence in the human population has been ascribed to consuming BPA-contaminated food due to its migration from polycarbonate plastics. However, little is known about the inimical health hazard of BPA migrating from polycarbonate bottles into food or drinks in Nigeria and how temperature and storage duration can influence its migration into any contact media. To address this problem, we scrutinized the effect of storage time and temperature on BPA migration from 3 selected polycarbonate water bottles and a brand of polycarbonate baby feeding bottles into ...
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2012
To assess whether bisphenol A contamination occurred in seven brands of bottled drinking water in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Liquid-liquid extraction (using dichloromethane) was used to analytically extract bisphenol A from drinking water bottles and a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer was employed for its detection using a splitless capillary column and helium as the carrier gas. Results: The concentration of bisphenol A (BPA) was high in all the bottled water brands tested. The mean concentration of BPA of the bottled water stored indoors (4.03 ng/L) was significantly lower than that stored outdoors (7.5 ng/L). Conclusion: Our results show that significant amounts of BPA leached from bottle containers into the water. Long storage of bottled water under direct sunlight should be avoided to reduce the risk of human exposure to BPA.
Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment, 2008
Migration of the potential endocrine disrupter bisphenol A (BPA) from 31 polycarbonate (PC) baby bottles into aqueous food simulants was studied under real repetitive use, with a sensitive and fully validated liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection. Confirmation of the presence of BPA was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The effects of cleaning with dishwasher or with a brush, sterilization with boiling water and the temperature of migration were examined. It was shown that temperature was the crucial factor for the migration of BPA from the plastic bottles to water. All the samples released BPA in the concentration range of 2.4-14.3 µg kg-1 , when they were filled with boiled water and left at ambient temperature for 45 min. The decrease of BPA release in the sterilization water and in the food simulant over twelve cycles of use indicated that the hypothesis of polymer degradation in water is rather doubtful. The estimated infantile dietary exposure, regarding the use of PC baby bottles, ranged between 0.2 and 2.2 µg kg-1 bw d-1 , which is below the Tolerable Daily Intake of 50 µg kg-1 bw, recently established by EFSA.
Bisphenol-A (BPA) in Foods commonly consumed in Southwest Nigeria and its Human Health Risk
Scientific Reports, 2019
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical ubiquitous in the environment and listed as an endocrine disruptor. It has the tendency of migrating into food stored in materials containing it. This study, therefore, determines the concentrations of BPA in foods commonly consumed in Southwest Nigeria by the adult population and also estimates the risk associated with human exposure. Eight different food categories were selected for this study. Standard QuEChERS protocol was used for sample extraction and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Vegetable oil had the highest BPA concentration (28.4 ng/g). This was followed by aquatic canned fish (26.3 ng/g), canned beef (21.3 ng/g) and crayfish (17.5 ng/g). These concentrations were below the 600 ng/g limit of the European Commission for BPA in foods. Bisphenol-A was not detected in raw beef, chicken, cheese, apple, tomatoes, beans and rice; and chicken eggs. The adult population had an average dietary intake of 30.4 ng/kg bw/day. There is no likely occurrence of harmful health effects of BPA in the selected foods with respect to the current concentrations found therein. However, routine monitoring is recommended to prevent human exposure to BPA.
Influence of Temperature on the Quantity of Bisphenol A in Bottled Drinking Water
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a component used in the production of polycarbonate plastics (PC) and epoxy resins, which are currently widely used in food and beverage packaging. Although BPA is not used in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) manufacturing, a recent study reported its presence in PET water bottles. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of storage conditions on the release of BPA from PET bottles as well as to assess health risks associated with the consumption of bottled water. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we measured the content of BPA in local brands of plastic bottled water sold in the Polish market. It has been established that temperature is one of the main factors that influences the migration of bisphenol A to products, as was confirmed by determination of the amount of bisphenol A in water, which was carried out without exposing the bottles to different temperatures. Despite the fact that the individual concentrations of BPA in bottl...
Method Based on Solid Phase Extraction, LC and GC for Analysis of Bisphenol A in Drinking Water
2004
A new procedure is described to determine the bisphenol A (BPA) in drinking water that was in contact with polycarbonate (PC) plastic. To evaluate the amount of BPA migrating from the plastic into the water high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) were used. HPLC and GC enable detection of the BPA concentration as low as 0.2 μg dm−3 and 0.5 μg dm−3, respectively. Recovery of dissolved bisphenol A and other endocrine disruptors from water was also performed, locating recovery yield in the range of 82.1—93.3 % as determined by HPLC and 82.3—92.6 % by GC. The results confirmed that BPA is migrating from the PC package to the drinking water contained in it. BPA concentration in two samples of bottled drinking water of 0.49 μg dm−3 and 0.54 μg dm−3 was determined by HPLC, and 0.55 μg dm−3 and 0.61 μg dm−3 by GC analysis.
Endocrine disrupting Bisphenol A detection in different water samples in Iraq
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
Poly-carbonate plastics containing endocrine disruptor BPA (Bisphenol A), it have been used in the production process of water bottles, food products containers to storage, infants feeding milk bottles and raw material for some medical supplies. Trace quantity of bisphenol has been measured in water-samples that kept in poly-carbonate containers. It has been recognized that bisphenol a can be generated from poly-carbonate containers and then transfer into stored food. Such transfer is accelerated by leaving the containers in sunlight for long time. In this study a simple and rapid method was established to quantify BPA using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in water samples in Al-Diwaniah city, Iraq. The chromatographic HPLC separation includes, extraction then detection of BPA using C18 as a HPLC column, followed by quantitative determination BPA using pre-measured known concentration as a standard. The analysis method shows a recovery value around 85% ± 2.9. A suitable sensitivity value was obtained with an instrumental limit of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ) ranged from 33 to 72 µgL-1. The detection of BPA was effectively achieved using homemade and commercially supplied samples. The obtained numbers were inside the allowable concentration