Evaluation of a Brief Sleep Intervention Designed to Improve the Sleep, Mood, and Cognitive Performance of Esports Athletes (original) (raw)
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Sleep Characteristics and Mood of Professional Esports Athletes: A Multi-National Study
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Esports is becoming increasingly professionalized, yet research on performance management is remarkably lacking. The present study aimed to investigate the sleep and mood of professional esports athletes. Participants were 17 professional esports athletes from South Korea (N = 8), Australia (N = 4), and the United States (N = 5) who played first person shooter games (mean age 20 ± 3.5 years, 100% male). All participants wore a wrist-activity monitor for 7–14 days and completed subjective sleep and mood questionnaires. Participants had a median total sleep time of 6.8 h and a sleep efficiency of 86.4% per night. All participants had significantly delayed sleep patterns (median sleep onset 3:43 a.m. and wake time 11:24 a.m.). Participants had a median sleep onset latency of 20.4 min and prolonged wake after sleep onset of 47.9 min. Korean players had significantly higher depression scores compared to the other groups (p < 0.01) and trained longer per day than the Australian or Unit...
Sleep Characteristics and Risk Factors of Korean Esports Athletes: An Exploratory Study
Sleep Medicine Research, 2020
Background and ObjectiveaaAlthough sleep is a potentially important determinant of performance in esports, there have been no published data on the sleep behavior of professional esports athletes. The aim of this study is to investigate sleep aspects and sleep risk factors in esports athletes. MethodsaaThirty-four esports athletes were compared with 21 nonathletes from the general population to assess their sleep patterns and mood. Study 1 is a quantitative study with a 2-week observation period of sleep that was performed after evaluating insomnia severity, daytime sleepiness, sleep knowledge, and mood state. During the sleep observation period, participants recorded sleep diaries. In study 2, qualitative research was conducted with in-depth interviews from 6 participants. ResultsaaThe esports athlete group reported significantly delayed sleep phase compared to the nonathlete group (d = 2.10 hours, p < 0.001). The esports athlete group reported significantly lower sleep quality and scores for feeling refreshed upon awakening, higher depression scores and significantly higher proportion of individuals with clinical symptoms of depression compared to the nonathlete group (ps < 0.01). In study 2, six themes emerged from the interviews: sleep risk factors, sleep protective factors, lifestyle, stressors, organizational management, and demands for sleep/ psychological intervention. ConclusionsaaThe professional esports athletes showed more depressed mood and more delayed sleep phase compared to the non-athletes. A wide range of interventions tailored to esports athletes should be developed and implemented on both individual and organizational levels.
Risk Factors and Sleep Intervention Considerations in Esports: A Review and Practical Guide
Sleep Medicine Research
Esports is a booming global industry and has been officially included in the lead-up to the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo. Given that esports is a cognitive based activity, and sleep is well known to be critical for optimal cognitive functioning, our research group recently proposed that sleep might be an important determinant of esports performance. The focus of the current review was to expand our limited understanding regarding the role of sleep in esports by exploring risk factors for suboptimal sleep and developing an associated intervention framework. More specifically, we aimed to 1) examine how gaming culture and game genre might negatively influence sleep behaviour, 2) describe a conceptual model to explain how sub-optimal sleep occurs in esports, and 3) outline sleep intervention considerations that specifically meet the needs of esports athletes. We conclude that gaming culture and game genre could both impact the sleep behaviour of esports athletes, via cognitive and behavioural mechanisms. Furthermore, adapting Spielman's three-factor model to esports may provide a useful and easy to understand conceptualisation for sub-optimal sleep in esports. Lastly, sleep interventions for traditional athletes can be suitably modified for esports but must be comprehensive and extend from a theoretically grounded conceptual model.
Sleep in elite multi-sport athletes: Implications for athlete health and wellbeing
Physical Therapy in Sport, 2019
Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of clinically relevant sleep problems in elite multi-sport athletes and their associations with sleep hygiene, general health, mood, chronotype, and injury. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: During the competitive season in athletes' home environment. Participants: Elite multi-sport Irish athletes (n=58) competing at the 2017 World University Games. Main Outcome Measures: Category of clinical sleep problem (Athlete-Sleep-Screening-Questionnaire), sleep hygiene (Sleep Hygiene Index), general health (Subjective Health Complaints), mood (Sports Profile of Mood States), chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire), and injury (self-reported injury). Results: 43% had no clinical sleep problem, 41% had a mild clinical sleep problem, 16% had a moderate clinical sleep problem, none had a severe clinical sleep problem. Therefore, 84% of athletes did not have a clinically significant sleep problem while 16% had a clinically significant sleep problem. One-way-ANOVA revealed significantly worse sleep hygiene (p=0.002), more general health complaints (p=0.001) and greater mood disturbance (p=0.001) among those with clinically significant sleep disturbances compared to those without. No association was found between having a clinically significant sleep problem and either chronotype or previous recent injury. Conclusions: Athletes with a clinically significant sleep problem were more likely to report worse sleep hygiene, more general health complaints, and mood disturbance.
The effects of esports on sleep: a systematic literature review
Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health, 2022
The purpose of this review is to synthesize all the observational studies that studied the effects of eSports on sleep. In addition, it has systematically brought together all peer-reviewed observational studies related to the sleep of eSports gamers to draw the attention of field academicians and researchers to the issue related to eSports and promote observational studies on future in the field of sports sciences. Playing eSports games or competing in these games can have significant consequences for players' health. As the popularity of eSports continues to grow rapidly around the world, studies focusing on understanding the health risks and benefits associated with eSports competition and participation have been delayed. Sufficient attention has not been paid to the development and evaluation of preventive interventions which address the harms that video games interrelating with eSports can cause. Similarly, there are gaps in the evidence on ways to encourage safe and healthy digital gaming among the ever-growing eSports gamers population. In order to develop evidence-based guidelines and intervention strategies that include sleep and sleep quality, these gaps need to be filled with scientific research.
A novel sleep optimisation programme to improve athletes' well-being and performance
European journal of sport science, 2016
To improve well-being and performance indicators in a group of Australian Football League (AFL) players via a six-week sleep optimisation programme. Prospective intervention study following observations suggestive of reduced sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness in an AFL group. Athletes from the Adelaide Football Club were invited to participate if they had played AFL senior-level football for 1-5 years, or if they had excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] >10), measured via ESS. An initial education session explained normal sleep needs, and how to achieve increased sleep duration and quality. Participants (n = 25) received ongoing feedback on their sleep, and a mid-programme education and feedback session. Sleep duration, quality and related outcomes were measured during week one and at the conclusion of the six-week intervention period using sleep diaries, actigraphy, ESS, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Profile of Mood States, Training Distress Scale, ...
Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Suboptimal Sleep Among E-athletes: Do E-athletes Need More Game Play to Win?
International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS), 2019
Introduction: Empirical evidences are escalating to suggest that E-athletes are at threat of suboptimal sleep due to its relation to video gaming. Furthermore, digital gaming is also included in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as gaming disorder. Disruption stages of sleep and difficulty in sleeping are shown to have associated with video gaming due to reduce quality and quantity of sleep. Currently, the paucity of grounded literature limits the knowledge of suboptimal sleep threat and their risk factors for performance among Eathletes.Objective: Our aim is to provide opinion and to illustrate fundamental causes of suboptima l sleep among E-athletes and its consequences.Methods: Review of literature in relevance to sleep and E-sports were carried out in broader discipline of sleep and sport medicine. Bowtie diagram tool was used to illustrate the causeeffect- consequences relationship.Results: The potential causes for suboptimal sleep among...
Understanding sleep disturbance in athletes prior to important competitions
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2014
Objectives: Anecdotally many athletes report worse sleep in the nights prior to important competitions. Despite sleep being acknowledged as an important factor for optimal athletic performance and overall health, little is understood about athlete sleep around competition. The aims of this study were to identify sleep complaints of athletes prior to competitions and determine whether complaints were confined to competition periods. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A sample of 283 elite Australian athletes (129 male, 157 female, age 24 ± 5 y) completed two questionnaires; Competitive Sport and Sleep questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: 64.0% of athletes indicated worse sleep on at least one occasion in the nights prior to an important competition over the past 12 months. The main sleep problem specified by athletes was problems falling asleep (82.1%) with the main reasons responsible for poor sleep indicated as thoughts about the competition (83.5%) and nervousness (43.8%). Overall 59.1% of team sport athletes reported having no strategy to overcome poor sleep compared with individual athletes (32.7%, p = 0.002) who utilised relaxation and reading as strategies. Individual sport athletes had increased likelihood of poor sleep as they aged. The poor sleep reported by athletes prior to competition was situational rather than a global sleep problem. Conclusion: Poor sleep is common prior to major competitions in Australian athletes, yet most athletes are unaware of strategies to overcome the poor sleep experienced. It is essential coaches and scientists monitor and educate both individual and team sport athletes to facilitate sleep prior to important competitions.
The Examination of the Commitment to Sports and Athlete Sleep Bahaviour of E-sports Players
The Journal of International Anatolia Sport Science
The a m of th s study s to exam ne the relat onsh p between amateur and profess onal esports players' comm tment to sports and athlete sleep behav ors n terms of some var ables.The sample group of the study was chosen by random sampl ng and cons sts of 31 female (20.3%) and 122 male (79.7%) athletes, aged 18 and over, n totals 153 athletes.In the study, "Sport Engagement Scale" was used to determ ne the sports comm tment levels of athletes, "Athlete Sleep Behav or Scale" to determ ne sleep behav ors, and a personal nformat on form developed by the researcher to determ ne the demograph c nformat on of the athletes were used as a data collect on tool. The skewness and kurtos s values of the data were exam ned and t was assumed that the data showed a normal d str but on. Therefore, parametr c tests were appl ed to the data. In the study, all stat st cal evaluat ons were made w th the SPSS 21.0 program and the s gn f cance was taken as p<0.05. As a result of the research, stat st cal s gn f cance was determ ned between the scores of comm tment to sports and the var ables of gender, sport type, athlete l cense category and age. Stat st cally s gn f cant d ff erence n athlete sleep behav or scores s seen accord ng to athlete undergraduate category, educat on status and monthly ncome level var ables. When the results of the correlat on analys s between the scales were exam ned, a pos t ve and moderately s gn f cant relat onsh p was found between sports-relatedness factor scores and sub-d mens on scores of comm tment to sports. Consequently, t s thought that there w ll be negat ves n the r sleep patterns, as the levels of comm tment to sports of esports players ncreases.