Validity of the lowenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment in people with intellectual disabilities (original) (raw)
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American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2009
We examined the psychometric properties (internal consistency, concurrent criterion validity, and known-group validity) of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) in people with intellectual disabilities. A total of 111 people with intellectual disabilities and 19 people with no disabilities were included. We used Cronbach's alpha, Spearman's rho, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and one-way analysis of variance for analysis, where appropriate. Results showed good internal consistency on Orientation, Visual Perception, Spatial Perception, Visuomotor Organization, and Thinking Operations subscales (Cronbach's αs = .82, .74, .76, .86, and .80, respectively), but not on the Motor Praxis subscale (α = .48). We found significant correlations between participants' performance on the Pictorial IQ test and disability level and scores on the LOTCA. The known-group validity of the LOTCA in people with intellectual disabilities was satisfactory. We concluded that the LOTCA is a suitable instrument for measuring cognitive abilities and visual perception in people with intellectual disabilities.
Occupational Therapy–Related Assessments for Adults With Intellectual Disability: A Scoping Review
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2021
Importance: Occupational therapy practitioners use structured assessment tools to gather information from adults with intellectual disability (ID) in order to develop the occupational profile, guide occupational therapy intervention, and assess change over time. Objective: To identify occupational therapy–related tools in the peer-reviewed literature for use in practice with adults with ID. Data Sources: Peer-reviewed literature published between January 2002 and January 2018 included in CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus. Study Selection and Data Collection: The review included articles that had information on occupational therapy–related assessment with adults 18 yr or older who had primary or co-occurring ID. Findings: Fifty-eight articles identified 73 occupational therapy–related assessment tools. Conclusions and Relevance: This scoping review identified a broad range of assessment tools in the occupational therapy domain that are appropriate for adults with ID, some of which...
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2021
Importance: Occupational therapy practitioners use a range of habilitative and compensatory approaches to teach new skills or modify tasks and environments to address occupational performance among adults with intellectual disability (ID); therefore, they must identify and use available evidence to guide intervention planning. Objective: To summarize the scope of evidence that can inform occupational therapy intervention with adults with primary or comorbid ID. Data Sources: Articles published in peer-reviewed journals between January 2002 and January 2018 and indexed in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Study Selection and Data Collection: A total of 159 articles met inclusion criteria and contained information on occupational therapy intervention with adults ages 18 yr or older with primary or coexisting ID. Findings: Fifty-seven of the 159 articles focused on intervention to address occupational performance outcomes (i.e., employment, self-care, leisure and social interaction...
Assessment of intellectually handicapped adults: a cognitive processing model
Applied research in mental retardation, 1982
Current approaches to the assessment of intellectual level and functional ability with intellectually handicapped persons are focussing on information processing measures, rather than standardized power measures such as I.Q. The present study involves an examination of cognitive processing ability as defined by the information-integration model, and its relationship to success on a set of work samples, the latter having been defined as good predictors of later work success. Following the assessment of 50 intellectually handicapped adults, it was concluded that the basic tenets of information-integration theory are supported in this population, and that successive processing ability, as opposed to simultaneous processing or planning, has much to do with successful work sample performance. Results are discussed in terms of their implication for program planning and vocational training.
2021
Problem: Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) have the desire to live as independently as possible (Gragoudas, 2014). There are a number of barriers that impact living independently including the ability to complete self-care tasks, money management, home management, and health management (Bond & Hurst, 2010). Other barriers reported for individuals with ID include relationships with caregivers, living alone, and vulnerability (Bond & Hurst, 2010). Research identifies that it is difficult to determine the amount of support needed to promote independence in individuals with ID (Francis & Reed, 2019). Occupational therapists (OTs) possess a unique skillset to assist clients with ID to increase their independent living skills. Despite having this skillset, OTs report uncertainty in choosing the most effective interventions for clients with ID to obtain the highest level of functional independence (Helloasiwise, 2018). This scholarly project used the Cognitive Performance Tes...
Evaluation of executive functioning in people with intellectual disabilities
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2010
Background Executive functioning (EF) is an important concept in cognitive psychology that has rarely been studied in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). The aim of this study was to examine the validity of two test batteries and the structure of EF in this client group. Methods We administered the children's version of the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS-C) and the Cambridge Executive Functioning Assessment (CEFA) for people with ID, to 40 participants who attended day centres for people with mild to moderate learning disabilities [mean full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) = 59].
Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 2007
This paper describes the development of the interRAI-Intellectual Disability (interRAI ID), a comprehensive instrument that assesses all key domains of interest to service providers relative to a person with an intellectual disability (ID). The authors report on the reliability and validity of embedded scales for cognition, self-care, aggression, and depression. Four provider agencies volunteered to participate and assessed a total of 160 community-dwelling adults with ID using the interRAI ID, Dementia Questionnaire for Persons with Mental Retardation, and Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior. All scales had acceptable levels of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.74-0.93) and good relationships with the criterion measures ( r = 0.50-0.93, p < 0.0001). The development of the interRAI ID represents an important and successful first step toward an integrated, comprehensive, and standardized assessment of adults with ID. Use of this instrument may lead to more appropriate support planning, enhanced communication between various professionals supporting persons with ID, and a more seamless approach to supports across the health and social service systems.
Discrepancy between Motor and Cognitive Control in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities
Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment, 2014
Purpose: To investigate the relationshipbetween motor and cognitive control in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID), focusing on two aspects, speed and accuracy. Method: Participants were 62adults with ID aged 20 to 47 years. Their intelligence quotients (IQ) ranged from 13 to 61.Nine of the adults with ID had Down syndrome, and 8of the adultshad autism. We conducted three tasks: seal affixation task, tray-carrying task, and the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT). The seal affixation and tray-carrying tasks are motor tasks we devised that can separatelymeasure the speed and accuracy of motor control. MFFT is a cognitive control task that can be used to evaluate cognitive styles, such as impulsive-reflective. Results:Adults with ID showed high motor accuracy and similarmotor speed regardless of their MFFT performance. That is, discrepancies between motor and cognitive control existed in adults with ID.Conclusions:The results of this study indicate that some types of motor control problemmay become unclear with growth. A longitudinal investigation focused on the motor skill development of personswith ID is therefore necessary