Genetic and phytochemical diversity analysis in Bunium persicum populations of north-western Himalaya (original) (raw)
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The present investigation was performed to evaluate the variability of the essential oil composition present in the seed extract of Kala zeera (Bunium persicum Bioss.) obtained from different geographical zones of Northwestern-Himalayan using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GC-MS). The results of the GC-MS analysis revealed significant differences in the essential oil content. Significant variability was observed in the chemical constituents of the essential oils mainly for p-cymene, D-limonene, Gamma-terpinene, Cumic aldehyde and 1, 4-p-menthadien-7-al. Among these compounds, the highest average percentage across the locations was observed for gamma-terpinene (32.08%) which was followed by cumic aldehyde (25.07%), and 1, 4-p-menthadien-7-al (15.45%). Principal component analysis (PCA) also grouped the 4 highly significant compounds i.e., p-Cymene, Gamma-Terpinene, Cumic aldehyde, and 1,4-p-Menthadien-7-al into same cluster which are mainly distributed in Shalimar Kalazeera-1, and...
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic diversity in Bunium persicum (Boiss.) 'Fedtsch' (Apiaceae), a critically endangered medicinal plant collected from 15 locations in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir, India. A high level of genetic divergence was observed in the collected accessions. A total of 173 bands were generated by 36 random 10-mer primers, of which 168 were observed to be polymorphic indicating a high level (97.11%) of polymorphism among the accessions studied. Similarity, measurement using UPGMA followed by dendrogram analysis, resulted in two major clusters. The results of this preliminary investigation suggests that there is alot of genetic diversity among the wild accessions of this endangered medicinal plant species which needs to be documented, characterized, conserved and used for its improvement. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: DNA fingerprinting, genetic diversity, herbal spice, random amplified polymorphic DNA Abbreviations: CITES, convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RAPD, random amplified polymorphic DNA; UPGMA, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean
Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2018
Genetic and the essential oil composition variability among twelve Perovskia abrotanoides populations (PAbPs) growing wild in Iran were assessed by ISSR markers, GC‐FID and GC/MS, respectively. Nine selected ISSR primers produced 119 discernible bands, of them 96 (80.7%) being polymorphic. Genetic similarity values among populations ranged between 0.07 and 0.79 which indicated a high level of genetic variation. Polymorphic information content, resolving power and marker index generated by ISSR primers were, 0.31, 6.14, and 3.32, respectively. UPGMA grouped PAbPs into four main clusters. Altogether, 38 chemical compounds were identified in the oils, and a relatively high variation in their contents was found. Camphor (11.9 – 27.5%), 1,8‐cineole (11.3 – 21.3%), α‐bisabolol (0.0 – 13.1%), α‐pinene (5.9 – 10.8%), and δ‐3‐carene (0.1 – 10.5%) were the major compounds. Oxygenated monoterpenes (32.1 – 35.8%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (25.7 – 30.4%) were the main groups of compounds in t...
Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products (JMPB), 2015
White savory (Satureja mutica Fisch & C.A.Mey.) is one of the most widely used medicinal plants in food processing, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry due to the strongly scented and presence of phenolic compounds such as carvacrol and thymol. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the levels of inter and intra-populations variability of essential oil compositions of S. mutica grown in north of Iran. The essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation method and analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS apparatus. The results showed a high level of variation among individual plants of the studied populations based upon their essential oil production. The essential oil content ranged from 0.5 to 4.2%. thymol (6.5-74.6%), carvacrol (0.9-70.4%), borneol (0.1-38.0%), p-cymene (0.30-14.2%), and γ-terpinene (0.1-9.9%) were recognized as the major components of the all tested individual plants. Therefore, the variability identified here, might be considered as characterizing the large gene pool for breeding programs to comply the requirements of pharmaceutical and food industries.
Pharmaceutical Biology, 2010
Context: Hypericum perforatum L. (Guttiferae) contains many bioactive secondary metabolites including hypericins, hyperforins, and essential oil. Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the variation in composition of essential oil in H. perforatum accessions from Turkey. Material and methods: At full flowering, aerial parts of 30 plants were collected from 10 sites of northern Turkey and assayed for essential oil components by GC-FID and GC-MS. Results: The chemical analysis revealed that the main constituents of the all analyzed samples were hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpenes such as β-caryophyllene (4.08-5.93%), γ-muurolene (5.00-9.56%), β-selinene (5.08-19.63%), α-selinene (4.12-10.42%), d-cadinene (3.02-4.94%), spathulenol (2.34-5.14%), and caryophyllene oxide (6.01-12.18%). Monoterpenes, both hydrocarbon and oxygenated, were represented by scarce amounts of α-and β-pinene, myrcene, linalool, cis-and trans-linalool oxide, and α-terpineol. Principal component analysis was also carried out and, according to the results, the first nine principal components were found to represent 100% of the observed variation. Discussion: The chemical variation among the populations is discussed as the possible result of different genetic and environmental factors. Conclusions: The wild populations examined here are potentially important sources for breeding and improvement of the cultivated varieties.
Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants Containing Essential Oil and Their Spreading in Adjara
Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 2018
Adjara (South Kolkheti), located in the southwestern part of Georgia, it is characterized by warm and humid climate and subtropical climate, which is due to the proximity of the Black Sea. Adjara is remarkably rich in the diversity of flora not only in Georgia, but throughout the Caucasus. At present there are 1837 plant species in the flora of Adjara, 72 of which contain essential oils, they are distributed in 22 families and in 52 genera. Plants containing essential oil belongs: Lamiaceae-18 species, Asteraceae-17 types, Apiaceae-9, Cupressaceae-3, Pinaceae-3, Myrtaceae-3. Vital forms are 7 species of trees, 5 species of bushes, 1 species of tree or bushes, 49 species of perennial grass, 6 species of annual grass. According to the geographical coordinates from the sea level up to 0-500 m are spread 36 species containing essential oils, from the sea level up to 500-1000 m 28 species, from the sea level up to 1000 m 2200 m 33 species. According to the origin of species, 48 species are wild relatives, 7 is cultivated as vegetables, 3 species are introduced, 3 species are invasive. According to the percentage content of essential oils there are: 1 species-0,025-0,04%, 4 species-0,1-0.44%, 37 species-0,2-0,4%, 21 Species-0,7-1,0%, 7 species-1,0-3,0%, 3 species-4,0-6,0%. In the studied species the essential oils structure is complex and diverse. Monotarpens are distributed in 10 species, Sesquitterpaces in 5 species, α-pinene in 7 species, β-pinene in 3 species, α-and β-pinene in 16 species, cineol in 8 species, menthol in 6 species, lemonene in 3 species, in single species are found geraniol, borneol, apiol, thujone, karvakrol and others. In the studied species has been identified 3 prospective invasive species, which are distinguished by great resource, not used Georgia as per officinal medicine, but in their home countries (USA, Japan, China) are valuable medicinal plants, these species produced oils containing quantitative analysis, analysis revealed that, Artemissia vulgaris of upper part of the ground contain 0,9% essential oils, with components korizin, tuion, cineol. Perilla nancinensis of upper part of the ground contain 0,88% essential oils; the main component of the essential oil are perilla-ceton and carophylen, Erygeron canadensis upper part of the ground contain 0,93% essential oils and its main components are limonene and terpineol. It also contains alcaloyds, flavonoids and tanner materials
Variation in essential oils to study the biodiversity in Satureja montana L
academicjournals.org
Albania has a very diverse climate from subtropical to continental and high relief variation, has a very rich flora. The Albanian flora comprises 3250 plant species or about 30% of the European flora, with about 30 endemic and 180 subendemic species. More than 300 species are aromatic or medicinal plants, which are very important economic natural resources. Further, they play an important role in everyday life. Of all these species, 68 species are endangered (EN). The employment of the new data analysis technique and statistical software provide a good support to conduct research in the field of medicinal and aromatic plants.
Path analysis of the essential oil-related characters inMentha spp
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 2001
Strategies to increase the leaf and flower essential oil yield of Mentha species would be improved by an understanding of how phenotypic and phenologic characters interact with one another in affecting the essential oil yield. In this study, path analysis was applied within some morphological and phenological characters recorded from field studies conducted in 2000 on four Mentha spp., M. longifolia M. spicata M. piperita and M. aquatica. Several morphological, phenological, and chemical characteristics were recorded on the experimental units, based on a three times replicated completely randomized design. The characteristics recorded on five single plants in each experimental unit were: main stem length, number of lateral branches on main stem, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, flowering date, percentage of flower essential oil, and percentage of leaf essential oil. After a confident result of differences between the species for the characters, path analysis was performed on the data. The analysis on flower essential oil-related characters revealed that the percentage of leaf essential oil and leaf length had a high direct effect on the dependent variable, flower essential oil yield. Flowering time showed a positive direct effect but a high negative total indirect effect through other independent variables on the dependent variable, resulting in a negative total effect on essential oil yield. The analysis on leaf essential oil-related characters showed that both stem diameter and flower essential oil yield had almost equal positive direct effects on leaf essential oil yield. Flowering date showed negative direct and total indirect effects on leaf essential oil yield. Stem length had a high positive indirect effect on the leaf essential oil yield through independent variables, counterbalancing negative direct effects to a positive total effect of 0.487. Among the species in the current study, genetic improvement in the stem diameter and length, leaf length and width would have beneficial effects on essential oil yield. Therefore, indirect selection may be done at the field for high essential oil yield based on morphological characters.
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2013
Morphological, phytochemical and genetic differences were studied to evaluate the level and distribution of diversity in twelve populations of the Portuguese endangered medicinal plant Mentha cervina L. Morphological variation was correlated with ecological conditions at the site of origin. Pulegone was the major essential oils compound in all of the populations collected at full flowering (68-83%), in different growing conditions (51-82%), and for all the developmental stages studied (47-82%). Although clusters were defined, the analysis revealed a high chemical correlation among all populations (S corr ! 0.95%). Intersimple sequence repeats markers were used to assess the population structure and genetic variation. Populations exhibited a relatively low genetic diversity (PPB ¼ 14.3-64.6%, H e ¼ 0.051-0.222, I ¼ 0.076-0.332), with high structuring between them (G ST ¼ 0.51). However, the genetic diversity at species level was relatively high (PPB ¼ 97.7%; H e ¼ 0.320). The levels and patterns of genetic diversity were assumed to result largely from a combination of evolutionary history and its unique biological traits, such as breeding system, clonal growth, low capacity of dispersion and habitat fragmentation. The relatively low genetic diversity in the populations analyzed indicates that the maintenance of their evolutionary potential is at risk if population sizes are maintained and if there is no protection of the habitats.
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS-Biodiversity &Applied Botany CSIR-IIIM,Jammu
Mentha spicata L. (spearmint) was collected from different sub-tropical and temperate zones of North-West Himalayan region of India. Plants were collected during the flowering stage and essential oil was extracted using Clevenger-type apparatus for 2.5h and analyzed. GC-MS analysis reveals that carvone was major part which varied between 49.62%-76.65%,second major component was limonene that varied between 9.57%-22.31%. 1,8cineole varied between 1.32%-2.62%, whereas trans-carveol varied between 0.3%-1.52%.