Improving energy efficiency of kindergartens in Serbia: Challenges and potentials (original) (raw)
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Original scientific paper Investments in the construction of new kindergartens are at a low level in Serbia. On the other hand, the existing facilities are outdated, devastated and do not meet current regulations, especially in terms of energy efficiency. The attendance of children in such facilities represents a significant social issue and therefore, the refurbishment of these structures is necessary. This paper presents measures for energy recovery and methods of their implementation within the framework of a comprehensive revitalization of the existing kindergartens. Through a case study, an analysis of energy efficiency and cost effectiveness for three sets of measures has been conducted, the findings of which are presented and discussed. The advantages of the applied methods are listed, as well as the potential areas for the implementation of the results. In addition, some recommendations for the future research are given and the limitations in the application of the obtained results are emphasized.
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This paper analyses examples of existing kindergartens’ buildings in Serbia in terms of meeting the requirements of spatial capacity and compliance with the minimum standards of required area. Surveyed buildings are dating from various periods. Over time, their environments have undergone numerous changes and interventions, so it is important to establish whether basic requirements are been violated. The second parameter is the degree of land availability, and the existence or nonexistence of free space for possible intervention aimed at changing urban context. Finally, the third aspect is the possibility of using the closest environment to amend the urban environment parameters that would affect the local climate change, reducing outside air temperature in summer or increasing in winter, changing direction or stopping unwanted effects of dominant winds. Namely, by the influence on the input parameters, the need for thermal insulation and the method of ventilation could be changed. ...
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The analysis conducted in this paper was initiated by the fact that Serbia emitted around 80 million tons of CO2, equivalent in 1990, and in between 85-89 million tons in 2010, which places it among ten countries with the highest emission of CO2 per capita in the world (data by Cener for Ecology and Sustainable Development, Subotica, Serbia). This paper is aimed at making a correlation between the improvement of thermal performance of structural elements of buildings in order to enhance their energy efficiency, which is also economically justified, and reduction of GHG (CO2) emission whose economic benefits are not so easy to assess even though it represents an environmental problem. The case study analysis, presented by this paper, using the example of a select number of kindergartens in the territory of the city of Nis, Serbia, is aimed at determining the correlation of the effects of improvement of their energy performances on the reduction of GHG emission reduction by quantifyin...
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The paper critically analyzes the process of realization of energy efficient kindergartens in the City of Belgrade whose designs are obtained in the open public urban architectural competition. The process initiated, financed and realized by the city government of the City of Belgrade is an example of an effort toward meeting the EU directives and achieving the Energy Community objectives in the field of energy efficiency and usage of renewable energy sources, where facilities for public use must lead and be examples of the best practice. The whole process is analyzed, starting from planned conditionality of urban-architectural competition announcement through special conditions concerning energy efficiency and usage of renewable energy sources to construction and use of zero energy kindergartens, with a special analysis of the energy efficiency parameters of one of the kindergartens chosen as a representative of a good practice of competition solutions implementation of energy efficient facilities for the public use.
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A new nursery school in Milan was designed in the framework of a national research about low-energy buildings in temperate climates. The design of the case study started from a bioclimatic-approach, considering relationship between building envelope and sun path. In particular, orientation and morphology of the school are optimized (i.e. the building shapes improve solar control; classrooms and offices face South, services face North), the envelope is thermally efficient in both its opaque and transparent parts and overhangs are dimensioned to ensure solar gain in winter and to avoid direct solar radiation during summer season. A set of solutions for optimizing both energy efficiency and comfort conditions has been assessed. A floor radiant system, fed by a groundwater heat pump, has been foreseen and combined with a primary air ventilation system, equipped with heat recovery and managed by CO2 sensors. The school will be also equipped with opening window detectors and presence detectors, coupled by daylighting sensors, for controlling both illumination and thermal energy supply (hot water circulation in the radiant floor pipes and primary air cycle). Further, RE has been integrated in the design for hot water production by evacuated solar collectors placed on the roof of the higher block. As a result, a dynamic simulation made by VisualDOE software assessed 20 kWh/m² of energy heating demand: this value is below national standards foreseen from 2009, referring to the recent Italian implementation of the Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD).