Photobiomodulation Laser Strategies in Periodontal Therapy (original) (raw)
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Effects of Adjunctive Laser Photobiomodulation in the Classical Treatment of Periodontal Disease
LASER THERAPY, 2005
The objective of our work was to study the photobiomodulatory effects of low level laser therapy in addition to classic treatment of various periodontal diseases. Low level laser therapy is commonly used with good results in many medical domains, but the underlying mechanisms have not entirely been elucidated and 'gold standard' optimum working protocols have not yet been established in dentistry. The laser beam parameters and the application techniques are very important, as the clinical results depend entirely upon them. The bleeding time, pain relief time, and the bone recovery time in the treatment of periodontal disease were measured, and other non-quantifiable results (e.g. reduction of inflammation and oedema) were followed in two groups: the control group who underwent classic treatment of periodontal diseases, and the experimental group where LLLT was applied in addition to the classic treatment. In all cases, the measured parameters were less severe or shorter for the experimental group then for the control group. Very good results were obtained for the patients suffering from diabetes. In conclusion, in all cases, LLLT as adjunctive therapy to classical treatment led to better results in the treatment of periodontal diseases, but the results also depended upon the age and general health of the patients, and existence of any metabolic problems.
Laser phototherapy in the treatment of periodontal disease. A review
Lasers in Medical Science, 2010
Many studies in the literature address the effect of low-power lasers in the management of pathologies related to periodontal tissues. Due to the lack of standardized information and the absence of a consensus, this review presents the current status of laser phototherapy (LPT) in periodontics and discusses its benefits and limits in the treatment of periodontal disease. The literature was searched for reviews and original research articles relating to LPT and periodontal disease. The articles were selected using either electronic search engines or manual tracing of the references cited in key papers. The literature search retrieved references on wound and bone healing, analgesia, hypersensitivity, inflammatory process and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Each topic is individually addressed in this review. The current literature suggests that LPT is effective in modulating different periodontal disease aspects in vitro, in animals, and in simple clinical models. Further development of this therapy is now dependent on new clinical trials with more complex study designs.
Laser Assisted Photodynamic therapy for periodontal diseases: A strategic review
International Journal of Scientific Research, 2012
The primary etiological factor in any form of the gingival or periodontal disease is microbial dental plaque, but there is a dynamic interaction between the microbial challenge and host response. The oral cavity is the major reservoir of a variety of pathogens including bacteria, fungi and viruses. Most of the dental pathogenic microorganisms are highly resistant to the known and newly developed antibiotics and appear responsible to the expansion of dental complications. Photodynamic killing of periodontopathogenic bacteria may be an alternative to the systemic application of antibacterial drugs used in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Even though the method is still in the experimental stage, increasing bacterial resistance problems may promote the introduction of photodynamic therapy (PDT) into periodontal practice. PDT also represents a novel therapeutic approach in the management of oral biofilms. Studies are now leading toward selective photosensitizers, since killing the entire flora leaves patients open to opportunistic infections. Keeping this in consideration this review mainly focuses on the application of photodynamic technology as antimicrobial agent in adjunct to the routine oral prophylaxis around the natural dentition as well as implant prosthesis.
Sensors, 2022
This case report is aimed to demonstrate the synergetic effects of λ940 nm laser photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in augmenting the advantages of high-level-laser treatment (HLLT)-mediated reaction orthodontic periodontal interface management. Materials and Methods: A 32-year-old female who presented with a persistent gummy smile of upper incisors and low upper midline frenum attachment post-orthodontic treatment, was seeking a better smile appearance. She had a history of delayed wound healing without underlying medical conditions; otherwise, she was fit and healthy. She underwent laser ablation of the upper midline frenum and gingivoplasty of the upper incisors region with λ940 nm and λ2780, respectively, as well as transcutaneous PBM therapy (λ940 nm) to accelerate wound healing. The laser protocols were as follows: λ2780 nm: power output—2 W, pulse width—60 μs, free running pulse (FRP), spot area—0.0016 cm2, pulse repetition rate—25 pulses per second (s), 80 mJ/pulse, 90 s, λ940...
Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls
Purpose: The current clinical study was conducted to evaluate clinical and biochemical effects of photodynamic therapy in treatment of periodontal disease. Material and methods: The current study was conducted on twenty-eight (28) sites in fourteen (14) patients. A spilt-mouth design was used, sites were randomly selected from each patient, and assigned into two groups:(control group A) fourteen (14) sites received scaling and root planning only, and (test group B): fourteen (14) sites received PDT (Curcumin as photosensitizer agent was irradiated by diode laser beam) and another group without any laser beam in oral cavity, 5 patients received SRP only. Clinical parameters included probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), Plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) were used to make clinical evaluation. ELISA analysis of human P.gingivalis IGg was done. Results: Comparison between the groups at baseline, one week and one month was showed significant difference in human P.gingivalis IGg which decreased in test group more than in control group. Conclusion: This clinical study illustrated that SRP in combination with PDT can be effective especially when used as an adjunctive therapy to the mechanical conditioning of the periodontal pockets. Although using Curcumin as natural photosensitizer agent have great effect on enhancement of inflammation in patients with periodontal disease.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2012
Aim: Comparing the efficacy of photoablative and photodynamic diode laser in adjunct to scaling-root planing (SRP) and SRP alone for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients were studied. Maxillary left or right quadrants were randomly assigned to sham-laser treatment + SRP or laser + SRP. This consisted of photoablative intra/extra-pocket de-epithelization with diode laser (k = 810 nm), followed by single SRP and multiple photodynamic treatments (once weekly, 4-10 applications, mean ± SD: 3.7 ± 2.4) using diode laser (k = 635 nm) and 0.3% methylene blue as photosensitizer. The patients were monitored at days 0 and 365 by clinical assessment (probing depth, PD; clinical attachment level, CAL; bleeding on probing, BOP) and at days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 365 by cytofluorescence analysis of gingival exfoliative samples taken in proximity of the teeth to be treated (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMN; red blood cells, RBC; damaged epithelial cells, DEC; bacteria). Results: At day 365, compared with the control quadrants, the laser + SRP therapy yielded a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in PD (À1.9 mm), CAL (À1.7 mm) and BOP (À33.2% bleeding sites), as well as in bacterial contaminationespecially spirochetesand PMN and RBC shedding in the gingival samples (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Diode laser treatment (photoablation followed by multiple photodynamic cycles) adjunctive to conventional SRP improves healing in chronic periodontitis patients.
Photodynamic Therapy- A Ray towards Periodontics
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2014
The increase of microbial resistance and development of lighting devices with safe and accurate delivery of energy, today professionals can count on therapies to manage pathogens in different fields of dentistry, especially periodontics. The possibility of development of resistance to antibiotics by the target organism has led to development of a new concept with fewer complications i.e. Photodynamic Therapy. The combination of laser light and photosensitizer known as photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be used in periodontal therapy. LASER produces a monochromatic, collimated and coherent light beam. This unique form of light can interact with living tissues leading to surgical and/ or therapeutic applications. A Photosensitizer is a dye substance that is absorbed by the microorganism, cell or tissue allowing it to interact with the light. This mode of treatment is referred to as photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photo-activated disinfection (PAD). Application of photodynamic therapy in periodontics such as pocket debridement, gingivitis, aggressive periodontitis continue to evolve into a mature clinical treatment modality, and is considered as a promising novel approach for eradicating pathogenic bacteria in periodontitis. This Article presents an overview of photodynamic therapy as it represents a novel therapeutic approach in the management of periodontal diseases.
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2012
We aimed at quantifying the presence of periodontopathogens in gingival biopsies from periodontitis patients treated with different photoablative lasers (diode GaAs, Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, and CO(2) lasers) and histologically analyzing their effects on the gingiva. Substantial evidence indicates that intracellular location of periodontal bacteria in the gingival epithelium may contribute to chronic periodontitis. Sixteen adult subjects with chronic periodontitis were subjected to conventional scaling/root planing and topical chlorhexidine, and immediately laser-irradiated on the inner and outer free gingiva. Small gingival biopsies were subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction and cytofluorescence to identify periodontopathogens; tissue damage and endothelial ICAM-1 expression were assessed by histological and immunofluorescence analyses. High DNA levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, Prevotella inte...
Laser Assisted Periodontal Treatement
Knowledge International Journal, 2021
In the last decades, dental lasers become a vital part of many dental practices and a solution to many periodontal problems that can be seen in everyday dental practice. Both manual and ultrasonic instruments for scaling and root planing have some shortcomings, their replacement by more appropriate and efficient methods has always been considered in modern dental practice and periodontolgy. This is where the application of LASERs with different wavelengths were inroduced for removing of deposits from the root surfaces. Various types of lasers can also be used in periodontology, including carbon dioxide laser (CO 2), neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG), Er: YAG and Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er, Cr : YSGG). The main aim of this research is to describe a new therapeutic modality in periodontology-laser assisted periodontal therapy. We searched PubMed for articles relevant to our topic-laser assisted periodontal treatement of studies activating limits like date range (1991-2021), and the type of articles were Clinical Trial, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Review, Comparative study and English was chosen as the language and humans as the species. Er: YAG laser is a laser that contains a solid state medium, it is a crystal laser that works in the field of infrared wavelength (2,940 nm). Due to its high absorption in water and hydroxyapatite, several studies have shown the effectiveness of this laser in the ablation of hard and soft tissues and its bactericidal effects with little or no pain in clinical application confirm the numerous advantages of this laser. Er: YAG laser is one of the most spectacular types of laser that can be used in periodontal therapy. Its effectiveness in removing the softened and pathologically altered parts from cement and in smoothing the root surface has been proven in numeorus in vitro studies. The latest scientific evidence suggests that the use of Nd: YAG or Er: YAG wavelengths in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease is equivalent to ustrasound and manual instrumentationof periodontal pockets primarily in terms of reducing the depth of periodontal pockets clinically determined through the probing procedure and by reducing the bacterial population of the dental plaque. However, if increasing of clinical attachment is considered as gold standard in non-surgical periodontal therapy, then the evidence supporting laser-assisted periodontal treatment over traditional therapy is not significant. Clinical parameters such as plaque indices, gingival indices, periodontal pocket depth, bleeding on probing and the occurrence of clinical attachment loss are further improved after treatment with the Er: YAG laser in relation to periodontal pocket mechanical debridman. It is also of interest to note that the use of laser light by the Er: YAG laser in the treatment of periodontal disease alone gives better results than the combination of manual and ultrasound therapy on the root surface of the tooth. The clinical efficacy of the Er: YAG laser is similar to that achieved after mechanical debridman of periodontal pockets. Because the Er: YAG laser has certain advantages, it can be expected to be an alternative choice in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
2021
Periodontal diseases a group of microbial infections that’s found in gingiva and supporting tissues of the teeth. The effect of microorganisms in the periodontitis could be confirmed. Purpose: The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diode laser versus Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in periodontitis treatment as non-surgical method of treatment. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients’ males and females suffering from gingival pockets with age range from 20 to 65 years old from faculty of oral and dental medicine out clinics and selected randomly and divided in 2 groups each group contains fifteen patients. Group A received scaling and root planning in addition to 980 nm diode laser while Group B group received scaling and root planning in addition to PDT. Results: showed statistically significance improvement in group A (F=114.697, P=0.000) and in group B (F=126.308, P=0.000). Also, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (F=5.904, P=0.000...