In vitro assessment of clastogenicity of mobile-phone radiation (835 MHz) using the alkaline comet assay and chromosomal aberration test (original) (raw)
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jordan journal of biological sciences, 2010
The aim of this study isto examine whether radiofrequency (RF) used in cellular phone communications at a specific absorption rate (SAR) less than 1.2 w/kg could increase the spontaneous rate of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) or elicit alterations both in the cell replication index (CRI) and mitotic index (MI) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Whole blood samples were obtained from twenty six healthy donors (male nonsmokers). Cultures were placed in sterile T-25 tissue flasks and sham-exposed or RFexposed to 900 MHz or 1800 MHz radiation for 1 h, then incubated for 72 h at 37 °C. The mean SCE values of both RF exposure groups slightly increased, as compared with the sham-exposure group. However, there was no significant difference between the RF exposure groups and sham-RF exposure group. Compared with the negative control, both CRI and MI were nonsignificantly elevated after exposure to both frequencies, but to a lesser extent in case of 1800 MHz exposure. In view of the present guidelines of mutagenicity, which necessitates at least twofold increase in SCE rate, RF is not considered as mutagenic.
Cell Phone Radiation and Genomic Damage: In Vitro Exposure and Assessment
The health concerns have been raised following the enormous increase in the use of wireless mobile telephones throughout the world. According to the International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC), a part of World Health Organization (WHO) has designated cell phone radiation i.e. non-ionizing radiofrequency radiation as " Possible Human Carcinogen " [Class 2B] in May, 2011. It is believed that the effect is caused because of the electromagnetic frequency generated by the radio frequency which couples with the human tissues which results in induced electric and magnetic fields that cause field distribution in the body. Thus, human body acts as an antenna that receives electromagnetic waves externally. Therefore, effect of radiofrequency radiation needs to be studied by examining the target tissues that are directly exposed to electromagnetic waves i.e. brain tissue, circulating blood, and facial muscles. In this study, circulating blood was taken as target tissue and subjected to cell phone radiation in vitro and following short term cultures metaphase chromosomes were analyzed for frequency of breakage. The results indicated significant increase in chromosomal damage at higher power level and longer exposure times.
Genes
Modulated electromagnetic fields (wEMFs), as generated by modern communication technologies, have raised concerns about adverse health effects. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies them as “possibly carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2B), yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms initiating and promoting tumorigenesis remain elusive. Here, we comprehensively assess the impact of technologically relevant wEMF modulations on the genome integrity of cultured human cells, investigating cell type-specificities as well as time- and dose-dependencies. Classical and advanced methodologies of genetic toxicology and DNA repair were applied, and key experiments were performed in two separate laboratories. Overall, we found no conclusive evidence for an induction of DNA damage nor for alterations of the DNA repair capacity in cells exposed to several wEMF modulations (i.e., GSM, UMTS, WiFi, and RFID). Previously reported observations of increased DNA damage after exposur...
Bioelectromagnetics, 2003
Whether exposure to radiation emitted from cellular phones poses a health hazard is at the focus of current debate. We have examined whether in vitro exposure of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to continuous 830 MHz electromagnetic fields causes losses and gains of chromosomes (aneuploidy), a major ''somatic mutation'' leading to genomic instability and thereby to cancer. PBL were irradiated at different average absorption rates (SAR) in the range of 1.6-8.8 W/kg for 72 hr in an exposure system based on a parallel plate resonator at temperatures ranging from 34.5-37.5 8C. The averaged SAR and its distribution in the exposed tissue culture flask were determined by combining measurements and numerical analysis based on a finite element simulation code. A linear increase in chromosome 17 aneuploidy was observed as a function of the SAR value, demonstrating that this radiation has a genotoxic effect. The SAR dependent aneuploidy was accompanied by an abnormal mode of replication of the chromosome 17 region engaged in segregation (repetitive DNA arrays associated with the centromere), suggesting that epigenetic alterations are involved in the SAR dependent genetic toxicity. Control experiments (i.e., without any RF radiation) carried out in the temperature range of 34.5-38.5 8C showed that elevated temperature is not associated with either the genetic or epigenetic alterations observed following RF radiation-the increased levels of aneuploidy and the modification in replication of the centromeric DNA arrays. These findings indicate that the genotoxic effect of the electromagnetic radiation is elicited via a non-thermal pathway. Moreover, the fact that aneuploidy is a phenomenon known to increase the risk for cancer, should be taken into consideration in future evaluation of exposure guidelines. Bioelectromagnetics 24:82-90, 2003.
The chromosomal effects of GSM-like electromagnetic radiation exposure on human fetal cells
Biomedical Research and Clinical Practice
Context: Nowadays, virtually everybody is exposed to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) from mobile phone base station antennas or other sources. Despite many research efforts and public debate there is still great concern about the possible adverse effects of RFR on human health. The present study was designed as an attempt to correlate the effect of non-thermal radiation. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of in vitro 900 and 1800 MHz GSM-like (radiation from cell phones) exposure on chromosomes of human fetal cells (FCs). Materials and methods: We examined the induction of non-thermal effect following 3h, 6h and 12h exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation (RF-EMR) in FCs and in control medium, which did not exposure of RF-EMR. Results: The results indicated that a significant difference of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) between medium grown cells the exposure of FCs to RF-EMR at 900 and 1800 MHz and unexposed cells, determined by the χ2 test (P < 0.001). We found CAs in 25.9% of cells exposed to RF radiation [such as fragility, gap, singlestrand breaks (SSB) and double-strand breaks (DSB)], and non-thermal RF-EMF caused delays in chromosome condensation, and a significant rise in CAs with increasing exposure time. Conclusion: Results of this study confirm that the GSM-like RF-EMR leads to significant direct genotoxic effects on human FCs in vitro culture, and RF-EMR had negative effects on human chromosomes, moreover these effects aggravated with exposure time. We concluded that mobile phone risks to human chromosomes and human health. However, we confirm that RF-EMR affects negatively the condensation of chromosomes. Our hope is that the knowledge of mobile phones safety can not only help guide the future design of these instruments, but also affect the selection of procedures in order to ensure safe, efficacious, and efficient system operation.
Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 1998
Ž w Molt-4 T-lymphoblastoid cells have been exposed to pulsed signals at cellular telephone frequencies of 813.5625 MHz iDEN . Ž . Ž y1 w signal and 836.55 MHz TDMA signal . These studies were performed at low SAR averages 2.4 and 24 mW g for iDEN and 2.6 y1 . and 26 mW g for TDMA in studies designed to look for athermal RF effects. The alkaline comet, or single cell gel electrophoresis, Ž . assay was employed to measure DNA single-strand breaks in cell cultures exposed to the radiofrequency RF signal as compared to concurrent sham-exposed cultures. Tail moment and comet extent were calculated as indicators of DNA damage. Statistical differences in the distribution of values for tail moment and comet extent between exposed and control cell cultures were evaluated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff distribution test. Data points for all experiments of each exposure condition were pooled and analyzed as single .