A Comparative Study on the Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Characterization of Poly(lactic acid)/Epoxidized Palm Oil Blend (original) (raw)
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Polymers
The brittleness of polylactic acid (PLA) has always limited its usage, although it has good mechanical strength. In this study, flexibility of PLA/starch (PSt) blend was enhanced using epoxidized palm oil (EPO) as the green plasticizer. The PLA/starch/EPO (PSE) blends were prepared while using the solution casting method by fixing the content of starch and varying ratio of EPO. The thermal properties, such as glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), and crystallization temperature (Tcc) were decreased by increasing the amount of EPO into PSt, indicating that EPO increases the chain mobility. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that thermal degradation resistance of PSE was higher when compared to PSt. The mechanical testing revealed that EPO at all contents improved the mechanical properties, such as increment of the elongation-at-break and impact strength. Whereas, dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the addition of filler into PLA decreased the storage ...
Properties Investigation of Epoxidized Sunflower Oil as Bioplasticizer for Poly (Lactic Acid)
Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 2021
This study aims to improve the ductility of poly (lactic acid) (PLA). For that purpose, bioblends based on PLA and epoxidized vegetable oils (EVO) as bioplasticizers were prepared. Commercial sun ower oil was epoxidized and epoxidized sun ower oil (ESO) was used as plasticizer for PLA. To investigate ESO potential as plasticizer for PLA, its plasticizing effect was compared with commercial epoxidized soya bean oil (ESBO). The plasticizers (ESO or ESBO) were respectively compounded with PLA at 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%. Mechanical (tensile and Shore D hardness), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)) and morphological properties (optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) were characterized. The results showed that the addition of ESO or ESBO to PLA decreased tensile strength and tensile modulus compared to neat PLA but increased elongation at break for which an optimum (9.02%, 15.55% and 33.67% for ESBO, ESO 5.5% and ESO 6.5% respectively) was reached at a content of 20 wt% of plasticizer. The structures of the obtained plasticized PLA were con rmed by FTIR spectroscopy. DSC showed a clear decrease in the glass transition temperature of PLA and SEM analysis proved successful modi cation on the PLA brittle morphology with addition of EVO. On the other hand, TGA results revealed signi cant increase in the thermal stability. Based on the results of this study, ESO exhibited promising results regarding
Malaysian Journal of Analytical Science, 2016
Petrochemical based polymers used in packaging materials are causing various environmental problems. Therefore, biopolymers prepared from renewable sources have high potential to substitute the commercially available non-degradable polymer. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the biodegradable polymers that can be used to substitute in the application of petrochemicalbased polymers. Environmental friendly and biodegradable epoxidized palm oil (EPO) was used as plasticizer in this study and it was incorporated into PLA matrix through solution blending method. The mechanical properties were determined through three-point flexural test and tensile test. Tensile results revealed that the flexibility of PLA can be improved by the addition of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) as plasticizer in the polymer. PLA/EPO blend at ratio 100:10 showed significant flexibility among the other PLA/EPO blends. The thermal properties of neat PLA and PLA/EPO blends were characterized by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased by addition of plasticizer, indicated the chain mobility of PLA increased in the PLA/EPO blends system. The improved flexibility of PLA by using EPO as plasticizer showed that it has high potential to be used as environmental-friendly packaging material.
Thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of poly (lactic acid)/epoxidized soybean oil blends
Polymer Bulletin, 2009
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was melt blended with epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) in an internal mixer and thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of the blends were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile test and small amplitude oscillatory shear rheometry. ESO lowered glass transition temperature and increased the ability of PLA to cold crystallization. The blend exhibited improved elongation-at-break along with a plastic deformation. The plasticization effect by ESO was also manifested by the lowering of dynamic storage modulus and viscosity in the melt state of the blends compared with neat PLA.
Journal of Materials Science, 2016
Poly(lactic acid)-PLA is a polyester that can be produced from lactic acid derived from renewable resources. This polymer offers attracting uses in packaging industry due to its biodegradability and high tensile strength. However, PLA is quite brittle, which limits its applications. To overcome this drawback, PLA was plasticized with epoxy-type plasticizer derived from a fatty acid, octyl epoxy stearate (OES) at different loading (1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 phr). The addition of OES decreases the glass transition temperature and provides a remarkable increase in elongation at break and impact absorbed energy. Plasticizer saturation occurs at relatively low concentrations of about 5 phr OES; higher concentration leads to phase separation as observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Optimum balanced mechanical properties are obtained at relatively low concentrations of OES (5 phr) thus indicating the usefulness of this material as environmentally friendly plasticizer for PLA industrial formulations.
Chemical engineering transactions, 2021
Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV), a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer, has attracted much attention because of increasing interest in protection of environment. PHBV is brittle, thus has restricted application. Improvement of its toughness has been attempted by blending poly (caprolactone (PCL). In this study, PCL helps in improving elongation at break and impact properties of PHBV. PHBV/PCL blends were blended using internal mixer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the thermal properties of the blends and tensile and impact test for the mechanical test of the blends. There are two melting peaks shown in the DSC data of PHBV/PCL due to melting of PHBV and PCL. 60/40 ratio of PHBV/PCL was chosen as the optimum composition as it showed the highest elongation at break with 4.2 % improvement compared to pure PHBV. This blend ratio also has the lowest melting temperature of PHBV among ratio studied. Although the properties of PHBV/PCL blends were bet...
Materials, 2017
Ternary blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with a constant weight percentage of 60%, 10% and 30% respectively were compatibilized with soybean oil derivatives epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), maleinized soybean oil (MSO) and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO). The potential compatibilization effects of the soybean oil-derivatives was characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical properties. The effects on morphology were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). All three soybean oil-based compatibilizers led to a noticeable increase in toughness with a remarkable improvement in elongation at break. On the other hand, both the tensile modulus and strength decreased, but in a lower extent to a typical plasticization effect. Although phase separation occurred, all three soybean oil derivatives led somewhat to compatibilization through reaction between terminal hydroxyl groups in all three biopolyesters (PLA, PHB and PCL) and the readily reactive groups in the soybean oil derivatives, that is, epoxy, maleic anhydride and acrylic/epoxy functionalities. In particular, the addition of 5 parts per hundred parts of the blend (phr) of ESO gave the maximum elongation at break while the same amount of MSO and AESO gave the maximum toughness, measured through Charpy's impact tests. In general, the herein-developed materials widen the potential of ternary PLA formulations by a cost effective blending method with PHB and PCL and compatibilization with vegetable oil-based additives.
Properties of poly(lactic acid) plasticized by epoxidized rubber seed oil
Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, 2018
In this study, epoxidized rubber seed oil (EeRSO) was utilized as a plasticizer for polylactic acid (PLA) using a melt blending method at five weight ratios of PLA/EeRSO, 100/0, 97.5/2.5, 95/5, 92.5/7.5, and 90/10, respectively. The plasticization of PLA with EeRSO lowered the T g as well as cold-crystallization temperature. The tensile properties demonstrated that the addition of EeRSO to PLA led to a strong increase in elongation at break and tensile toughness, but a decrease in tensile strength. The impact strength of PLA was improved by 103%, with the presence of 7.5 wt.% EeRSO. The SEM image of the plasticized PLA showed good compatible morphology without voids. The initial decomposition temperature grew from 261.8 to 308.83 o C and the weight loss at 384 o C of PLA reduced from 91.2 to 81.5 % with the presence of 5 wt.% EeRSO. Based on the results of this study, EeRSO may be used as an environmentally friendly plasticizer that can improve the overall properties of PLA.
Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 2013
A single-step processing system in which an extruder and a peristaltic injector pump attached in tandem was developed for continuous and accurate incorporation of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) into a poly (lactic acid) (PLA) matrix in order to enhance the flexibility and toughness of PLA sheet and film. The impact strength and the ductility of plasticized sheets produced using this system significantly increased with the ESO content; and the brittle-to-ductile transition occurred in the range of 5-10 wt% ESO content. This toughening capacity of ESO as a plasticizer was attributed to its partial miscibility with the matrix. In contrast, both the tensile strength and the modulus of the sheets decreased with increasing ESO content due to the plasticization effect, which induced a decrease in the glass transition temperature. Additionally, the plasticization of PLA film with ESO did not affect its heat sealability during flexible pouch manufacturing as indicated by the burst pressure and the seal strength, which remained unaffected by the addition of plasticizer, irrespective of the sealing temperature studied.