Litvanya'da dil çatışması ve dil haklarının genişletilmesi için talepler: Polonyalı (Leh) ve Rus azınlıkların çelişen örnekleri (original) (raw)
Related papers
Perspectives on Language Attitudes and Use in Lithuania's Multilingual Setting
EU accession negotiations have impacted on and generated ongoing interest in Baltic language and citizenship legislation. There is however no detailed knowledge of prevailing language attitudes amongst mainstream and minority populations in Lithuania. This paper investigates attitudes to minority language use and to the (officially reinstated) state language, and considers aspects of linguistic identification in the historically densely multilingual and multiethnic areas of Eastern and SouthEastern Lithuania. Our findings, based on newly acquired data from a major survey, show that although language loyalties are complex, attitudes towards Lithuanian are overall positive. Moreover, the results also point to the potential development of relatively stable bilingualism (for Lithuanians and Russians) and trilingualism (for Poles) in this region.
Language attitudes, practices and identity in the new Lithuanian diaspora
Russian Journal of Linguistics, 2021
After the changes in the socio-political situation in many countries of Eastern and Central Europe in the last decade of the 20 th century, these countries experienced a major growth of emigration. In the context of the European Union, Lithuania is one of the countries that has faced the highest rates of emigration. The quick and somewhat sporadic emigration mainly for economic reasons is of interest both to linguists and language policy makers in order to support and give guidelines for the maintenance of the heritage language and identity. This paper deals with the data of the new post-Soviet wave of Lithuanian emigrants analysing the language behaviour and language attitudes. The aim is to look into the issues of language attitudes, practices and identity through the tripartite theoretical model-beliefs, emotions and declared language practices-of this wave and to compare it to the overall context of Lithuanian diaspora. The data analysed in this paper has been collected using quantitative (online surveys) and qualitative methods (in-depth interviews) in two research projects in the Lithuanian diaspora in 2011-2017. The main focus is on the use of the heritage Lithuanian language in various domains (home, community, friendship, church), comparing the use of Lithuanian by the post-Soviet emigrants with the language behaviour of the emigrants of earlier emigration waves. The results show equally positive beliefs and affective attitudes of the post-Soviet emigrants compared to previous waves, but a different language behaviour especially when comparing to the emigrants of the end of World War II.
In Ernest Andrews (ed.). Language Planning in the Post-Communist Era: The Struggles for Language Control in the New Order in Eastern Europe, Eurasia and China.“ Palgrave Macmillan, 193–218, 2018
The chapter examines the history of ideas and practices behind Lithuanian language planning from the first authoritative attempts to establish a language standard at the end of 19 c. until the most recent initiatives to regulate language development. The main focus is on the construction of linguist authority and threat discourse upon which the process of language nationalization was based since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1990. The examination shows, among others, that despite the current strong status of the of ficial Lithuanian language, political motivation might take precedence and be exploited to justify continuous regulation of the use of the language by its speakers. It also shows that the power-based relation between language planners and the community might be rooted in the authoritarian legacy of the Soviet regime. This chapter deals with language standardization in Lithuania, one of the three neighboring Baltic states along with Latvia and Estonia. The countries are situated alongside the eastern coast of the Baltic sea and share the recent history of liberation from the Soviet empire. Common linguistic origin, however, is only shared by Lithuanian and Latvian, the two remaining living languages of the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family. Lithuanian is spoken by more than 3.5 m Lithuanians in the titular state, its geographical border areas and emigrant communities, of which the largest are in the US and Great Britain. While at present Lithuanian enjoys status as the official language, during the course of its history other languages have been used for the administration of the state. After the foundation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 13 th c. it started expanding into Slavic territories and became a multi-ethnic and multilingual state. At that time Latin and the Old Slavonic (Ruthenian) languages were chosen for the state chancellery, and later on, when the Polish-Lithuanian Republic was formed in the late 16 th c., Polish was added. Being the language of the noblemen, Polish gradually established itself as an official language of Lithuania until the Republic was partitioned among the Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia and Austria in 1795. Lithuania then passed into Russian rule which brought severe political, cultural and economic repression, as well as plans to introduce Russian for state administration. More than one hundred years had to pass until changing political landscapes permitted the establishment of the Lithuanian Republic in 1918 with its national language Lithuanian. These historical facts are important for understanding the approach to the national language at the times when the final stages of dialect selection and codification of standard Lithuanian were completed. The chapter introduces the socio-cultural circumstances and the identity of the community in the era of nation building, as well as gives a brief description of language planning (LP) ideas and practices during the years of Soviet occupation. The main focus is on the formation of a legal framework and an institutional system of state language surveillance just before and after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1990.
Geographia Polonica, 2014
Contemporary Polish-Lithuanian relations are heavily burdened by radically different assessments of the situations of the national minorities in the two countries, i.e. Poles in Lithuania and Lithuanians in Poland. However, assessments are fraught with difficulties reflecting a complicated history and the different potentials of the two minorities, and also warped by a great many stereotypes. The main aim of this paper is to compare the situations of the Polish minority in Lithuania and the Lithuanian minority in Poland by reference to criteria that are objective (demographic potential, legal status, organisational activity, education) or subjective (the opinions of leaders of national organisations), as well as to attempt to determine how the different situations of the two minorities affects their relations with the authorities, the majority and the foreign homeland.
PARTNERSHIP FOR PROSPERITY, (red. L. F. Evmenov et al.), Minsk, "Pravo i Ekonomika", 2014
During the long process of preparing the adhesion of Hungary to the EU between 1990 and 2004, many people in the country were hoping that problems linked to minority rights in Hungary’s neighbouring countries would be solved within the European structures. At many respects, these hopes have not come true, although in some countries (as in Romania) improvements were made, in others – mainly in Slovakia – the legal situation of linguistic minorities has even worsened. In the present article we will deal with questions of ethnic identity, linguistic rights and the possi-bilities of multilingualism in an area that stretches from Bi-alystok in Poland to Grodno and Lida in Belarus, Vilnius and Visaginas in Lithuania and finally to Daugavpils in Lat-via. Our observations are based on a fieldwork done last summer during a bicycle tour in this region. This means of transport enabled us to hear and interact with many peo-ple, to read and photograph a huge amount of inscriptions and to experience physically the crossing of former and new borders. Our basis for comparison was given by pre-vious fieldworks we had done in several former Soviet re-publics, mainly in Ukraine, Moldova and Azerbaidjan, as well as in the Balkans.
European Yearbook on Minority Issues, Volume 12, 2013, Leiden, Boston 2016, pp. 122-157. This article provides an overview of the recent political and legal events surrounding the protection of Lithuania’s Polish national minority in the context of Lithuanian– Polish bilateral relations, focusing particularly on what has occurred since the so-called golden age of relations between the two countries. This article aims to present up-todate information on the current stage of dialogue on the issue of national minorities in Lithuania and on the actual protection of the Polish minority in this country. After the expiration of the Law on national minorities in Lithuania in 2010, the primary bones of contention between the two countries have been the use of the language of minorities in communication with local authorities and in bilingual topographical signs, the use of names and surnames in a minority language, rights related to the education of national minorities, and rights related to political participation of national minorities.
2013
"Many changes in political affiliation during last centuries caused that East European countries are inhabited by many minorities. Nowadays the national minorities are quite important part of different societies but they have also different functional possibilities. In different countries they have different legal status which influence on their situations. Nowadays Poles are the largest national minority in Lithuania (about 235 thousands people of 3 millions population) with many organizations. In opposite Lithuanian minority is not so large in Poland (about 8 thousands people of 38 millions population) but they also have got their own institutions. The presentation will be a comparison of the demographic, political and legal activity and education of both national minorities. In the other hand it will be a comparison of contemporary situation of both nations in opinions of the leaders of Polish organizations in Lithuania and Lithuanian organizations in Poland. It will be based on empirical researches. The conclusion of the presentation will be assertion if and how the different legal, demographic, institutional situation affect on the behavior of Lithuanian and Polish national identity and on the relations with the inhabited country and the nation. "