Effective Utilization of 3D Representation in Mobile Device for Pedestrian Navigation Aid (original) (raw)
Related papers
A Usability Evaluation of a 3D Map Display for Pedestrian Navigation
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
This paper is focused to address the map display usability for finding given POI addresses in a popular urban city area. LOD 1 of 3D representations of city buildings are presented into a 2.5D map for pedestrian navigation test. This 3D map display is evaluated against familiar 2D map system on the test participants' smartphones. 16 participants were involved in the field test. The typical walking model of a searching task that is focused only to look for a certain address of building is chosen as the way finding model during the field test. Three kinds of navigation processes i.e. self-orientation, spatial knowledge acquisition and navigation decision for searching task were evaluated for each test participant. Usability measures of 3D map-based display over 2D-map based display for pedestrian navigation were collected from test participants' mobile devices. In addition to that, activities of test participants in terms of acceleration and orientation information are used to support analysis of pattern and trends of test participants. As the testing app is also intended to support smart city application, its ability to provide user report on complaints was also assessed. Most participants agreed with the statements in the questionnaire that were organized into three sections, i.e. addressing participants' interaction, participants' responses in navigation processes and crowdsensing. The results suggest that 3D map-based pedestrian navigation is more usable to be used to look for a certain address of building in central tourist area of urban city.
Pedestrian position and pathway in the design of 3D mobile interactive navigation aid
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia - MoMM '12, 2012
The aim of navigation aid in general is to provide an optimal route from the current position to the destination. Unfortunately, there are lot of drawbacks from many navigation aids such as giving wrong directions to the destination, and lack of interaction with other users. This paper presents pedestrian positions and pathway determination for the design of 3D mobile interactive navigation aid. The system was developed and aims to help people navigate in an unfamiliar locations and to overcome the weaknesses of conventional 2D maps, which require users to interpret its various symbols and legends and also to present desired locations and routes to a high degree of accuracy. The system allows several mobile device users to view their own and other users' locations at the same time, while being stationary or on-the-move. The role of 3D view is to add to an existing individual cognitive map. Voronoi diagram and its dual Delaunay triangulation are the algorithms used for establishing user positions and the optimum pathway to a target destination. Using this technique contributes to a well-defined positioning and pathway establishment in the design of navigation assisted systems.
International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications, 2013
Pathway analysis provided by current 3D maps in mobile devices that are intended for an interactive navigation aid, is simulated for what-if experiments against task and functional analysis, based on the problems faced from both technical and user-practices views. The aim of a navigation aid, in general, is to provide an optimal route from the current position to the destination. Unfortunately, the problem of most mobile device’s GPS signal accuracy and the display of pathways on 3D maps in the small screen of mobile devices affects the pathway architectural design from generating accurate initial positions to destinations. This paper presents both conceptual and experimental analysis of pathway determination designed for 3D maps in mobile devices for an interactive navigation aid, which is going to be added to an existing individual cognitive map. The analytical outcomes are aimed at providing how environmental conditions come to be detected and how problems are resolved in helping...
Evaluation of visualization features in three-dimensional location-based mobile services
2009
Nowadays, there is a wide range of commercial LBMS (Location-Based Mobile Services) available in the market, mainly in the form of GPS-based navigation solutions, and a trend towards the display of 3D maps can be clearly observed. Given the complete disparity of ideas and a visible commercial orientation in the industry, the study of the visualisation aspects that influence user performance and experience in the exploration of urban environments using 3D maps becomes an important issue.
Previous studies have shown some key factors that influence the success of visualization quality for 3D objects of 3D map on Personal computers (PCs) and Laptops', crucial to that is the 3D computational processing capabilities of PCs and Laptops. Unfortunately 3D applications on mobile devices are hindered by the lack of efficient mobile rendering interfaces, low computational resources and direct 3D rendering at interactive rates. Although recently there are several attempts of building complicated 3D map visualization tasks on mobile devices, yet there is still problem of visualization quality of 3D objects of 3D map on a mobile device, this could be attributed to salient features which this paper try to uncover. An experiment that is aimed at investigating how people visualized 3D objects and orient themselves with the 3D map view on a mobile device for navigation assistance was carried out. The result indicates that the size and shape of 3D objects of 3D map significantly aided orientation, but there are no significant differences between the size and color. The 3D map view can increase the user's sense of presence; however, 3D map projections tend to represent familiar scenes by collections of their 2D views. This paper shows visual variations of complex 3D map scenes on small-screen mobile devices, with a single object-centered 3D map projection.
Interacting with 3D and 2D mobile maps: an exploratory study
2007
To study how users of mobile maps construct the referential relationship between points in the virtual space and in the surrounding physical space, a semi-natural field study was conducted in a built city environment, utilizing a photorealistic interactive map displayed on a PDA screen. The subjects (N=8) were shown a target (building) in the physical or in the virtual space and asked to point to the corresponding object in the other space. Two viewports, "2D" (top-down) and "3D" (street-level), were compared, both allowing the users to move freely. 3D surpassed 2D in performance (e.g., 23% faster task completion) and workload measures (e.g., 53% in NASA-TLX), particularly in non-proximal search tasks where the target lied outside the initial screen. Verbal protocols and search pattern visualizations revealed that subjects utilized varied perceptual-interactive search strategies, many of which were specific to the viewport type. These strategies are set and discussed in the terms of the theory of pragmatic and epistemic action (Kirsh & Maglio, 1994). It is argued that the purpose of such strategies was not to find the target directly by transforming either of the two spaces (pragmatic action), but to make the task processing requirements better aligned with the available cognitive resources (epistemic action). Implications to interface design are discussed with examples.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2020
Fast-paced mobile technology development has permitted augmented reality experiences to be delivered on mobile pedestrian navigation context. The fact that the more prevalent of this technology commonly will substituting the digital map visualization to present the geo-location information is still debatable. This paper comprises a report on a field study comparing about user experience when interacting with different modes of mobile electronic assistance in the context of pedestrian navigation interfaces which utilize location-based augmented reality (AR) and two-dimensional digital map to visualize the points of interest (POIs) location in the vicinity of the user. The study was conducted with two subsequent experiments in the Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. The study involved 10 participants aged between 22 and 28 years with different experiences in using smartphones and navigation systems. Navigation performance was measured based on a usability approach on pragmatic quality and hedonic quality like effectiveness (success rate of task completion), efficiency (task completion time) and satisfaction in real outdoor conditions. The evaluation findings have been cross-checked with the user's personal comments. We aim at eliciting knowledge about user requirements related to mobile pedestrian interfaces and evaluating user experience from pragmatic and hedonic viewpoints. Results show that in the context of pedestrian navigation, digital map interfaces lead to significantly better navigation performance in pragmatic attributes in comparison to AR interfaces. Nevertheless, the study also reveals that location-based AR is more valued by participants in hedonic qualities and overall performance.
Visualisation of a Three-Dimensional (3D) Object’s Optimal Reality in a 3D Map on a Mobile Device
Prior research on the subject of visualisation of three-dimensional (3D) objects by coordinate systems has proved that all objects are translated so that the eye is at the origin (eye space). The multiplication of a point in eye space leads to perspective space, and dividing perspective space leads to screen space. This paper utilised these findings and investigated the key factor(s) in the visualisation of 3D objects within 3D maps on mobile devices. The motivation of the study comes from the fact that there is a disparity between 3D objects within a 3D map on a mobile device and those on other devices; this difference might undermine the capabilities of a 3D map view on a mobile device. This concern arises while interacting with a 3D map view on a mobile device. It is unclear whether an increasing number of users will be able to identify the real world as the 3D map view on a mobile device becomes more realistic. We used regression analysis intended to rigorously explain the participants’ responses and the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory method (DEMATEL) to select the key factor(s) that caused or were affected by 3D object views. The results of regression analyses revealed that eye space, perspective space and screen space were associated with 3D viewing of 3D objects in 3D maps on mobile devices and that eye space had the strongest impact. The results of DEMATEL using its original and revised version steps showed that the prolonged viewing of 3D objects in a 3D map on mobile devices was the most important factor for eye space and a long viewing distance was the most significant factor for perspective space, while large screen size was the most important factor for screen space. In conclusion, a 3D map view on a mobile device allows for the visualisation of a more realistic environment.
A Visualization Paradigm for 3D Map-Based Mobile Services
Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics: Theory and Applications, 2010
Nowadays, there is a wide range of commercial LBMS (Location-Based Mobile Services) available in the market, and a trend towards the display of 3D maps can be clearly observed. Given the complete disparity of ideas and a visible commercial orientation in the industry, the study of the visualization aspects that influence user performance and experience in the exploration of urban environments using 3D maps becomes an important issue. A generic conceptual framework is proposed whose main purpose is to objectively evaluate the impact and contribution of the major visualization elements involved. An online questionnaire was developed and administered to 149 test subjects in order to measure the real impact of each element. Combining the experimental results with the current state-of-the-art, a new visualization paradigm is defined in a dual specification: "layers" providing relevant visual content to the map, and "functions" providing the necessary functionality.
User Experience of Photorealistic Urban Pedestrian Navigation
Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, AVI '12, 2012
With advances in satellite and street-level imaging, photorealistic mobile maps have gained widespread popularity. The aim of this research was to study the user experience of mobile navigation with three different mobile maps: a traditional graphical map representation was compared to a photorealistic satellite map and a photorealistic street-level view. Nine subjects used all three visualizations in urban pedestrian navigation and gave evaluations of navigation support, user experience (AttrakDiff), task load (NASA TLX), and overall preference using questionnaire methods. The results indicated that the photorealistic maps were more stimulating to the user than the graphical map and the photorealistic street-level view also enabled more effective identification of nearby landmarks than the other map versions. However, the photorealistic maps were perceived as less pragmatic than the graphical map and the street-level view also demanded a higher task load. The graphical map was the most often preferred visualization.