Epidemiology of malaria in Ramhormoz county, Southwest of Iran, during 2001-2016 (original) (raw)
Related papers
Iranian Red Crescent …, 2010
Background: Presence of malaria immune factors induced by erythrocytic stages is widely used as an epidemiological approach to diagnose the infection mainly to distinguish the current, recent and past infections. This study was performed to find out the status of malaria, using microscopical and serological (IFA) methods in Bandar-Abbas and Minab, two malarious districts in Hormozgan Province of Iran. Methods: 408 patients with suspected malaria symptoms were enrolled. Conventional microscopic examination and serological IFA test were employed for diagnosis of malaria. The rates of agreement between microscopical and serological diagnosis were analyzed by Kappa test. Results: 17.9% and 1.7% of the samples were microscopically diagnosed as P. vivax and P. falciparum, respectively. On the other hand, the serum samples were sero-positive with P. vivax and P. falciparum antigens in 54.2% and 32.1% of the samples, respectively. Conclusions: Serological IFA method could mainly determine the past history of malaria infection, but it was not helpful in detection of current infections. Moreover, there was no significant agreement between microscopical and serological (IFA) methods in diagnosis of malaria.
Research Square (Research Square), 2022
The presence of symptomless malaria infection in endemic areas and misdiagnosis can lead to failure in malaria eradication strategies. The present study was performed to assessment the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers in the Saravan and Suran district, an endemic area of malaria infection in Sistan and Baluchistan Province (2019-2020) using microscopic methods, ELISA, RDT test, multiplex nested-PCR and LAMP. The samples (n = 525) were collected from asymptomatic person of Saravan and Suran district to assessment malaria infection by using microscopic, ELISA, RDT test, multiplex nested-PCR and LAMP techniques. The microscopic and RDT tests were negative for malaria infection. Based on the ELISA test, 2 and 26 out of 525 samples was positive for P. falciparum and P.vivax antigens, respectively. The multiplex nested-PCR and LAMP techniques could detect only 2 and 3 cases of P. vivax, respectively. To improve the sensitivity, speci city and high reliability of malaria removal, especially in endemic areas, all sensitive tools such as microscopy, RDT, LAMP and nested PCR should be used.
Hormozgan Medical Journal
Introduction: Malaria is a major global public health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries. Malaria elimination is the common goal of World Health Organization and the health system in Iran. Following a decline in malaria cases in recent years, the malaria elimination program, technically supported by the WHO, has initiated since 2009 in Iran. In order to successfully implement a malaria elimination program, all positive cases particularly low parasitemia and asymptomatic cases are required to be detected. The main objective of this study was to identify asymptomatic malaria infection in a low transmission area in Rudan district, Hormozgan Province, southern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 200 blood samples were randomly collected from symptomless residents of Rudan to evaluate Plasmodium infection rate where microscope, RDT and nested-PCR techniques were used. Results: According to the analysis of microscopic methods, RDT and Nested-PCR, no asymptomatic cases were seen among the participants. Conclusion: The results of this investigation reveal that Malaria Elimination Program is administrable in Rudan district irrespective of low-parasitemia and asymptomatic cases.
The presence of symptomless malaria infection in endemic areas and misdiagnosis can lead to failure in malaria eradication strategies. The present study was performed to assessment the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers in the Saravan and Suran district, an endemic area of malaria infection in Sistan and Baluchistan Province (2019–2020) using microscopic methods, ELISA, RDT test, multiplex nested-PCR and LAMP. The samples (n = 525) were collected from asymptomatic person of Saravan and Suran district to assessment malaria infection by using microscopic, ELISA, RDT test, multiplex nested-PCR and LAMP techniques. The microscopic and RDT tests were negative for malaria infection. Based on the ELISA test, 2 and 26 out of 525 samples was positive for P. falciparum and P.vivax antigens, respectively. The multiplex nested-PCR and LAMP techniques could detect only 2 and 3 cases of P. vivax, respectively. To improve the sensitivity, specificity and high reliability of malaria removal, espec...
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2011
Background: Malaria has become a critical world health problem in recent years. Several factors have been responsible for increasing its incidence, such as wide usage of insecticides and drug resistance. It still remains as a matter of concern in Iran. It is under control in all parts, except in three southeastern provinces. Aim: Khorasan Razavi is one of the Iranian provinces with a lot of immigrants each year. Therefore, epidemiological study of the malaria is necessary in non-endemic provinces. Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive study to evaluate epidemiological status of the malaria in April 2001-March 2008 using all patients' data from whole of the province. Results: Total recorded cases were 945 within 7 years. The highest incidence was observed in 2001 and the lowest in 2006. Plasmodium vivax was observed in 911 cases and 30 cases were positive for P. falciparum. Mixed species were seen in four cases. Malaria incidence had decreased since 2001. 34.6% of transmitted cases were local, 61% were transmitted from (other provinces) inside and outside the country, relapse cases formed 5.4% and transmitted routes of the rest of the cases were unknown. The highest incidence was observed in people of age 15 years and higher and mostly in men. Mashhad and Sarakhs cities had the highest incidence rate. Conclusion: Preventive efforts must be continually taken in spite of decreasing rate of the malaria.
Iranian journal of parasitology
The number of malaria cases is declining worldwide; however, it remains as a serious health problem. Diagnosing unusual cases is the most important issue to manage the problem. This study designed to describe the number of falciparum and vivax malaria infected patients referred to Malaria Reference Laboratory in Tehran University of Medical Science from 2000 to 2012. A retrospective study was conducted based on the collected questionnaires from each patient referred to the laboratory. Diagnosing results and demographic information for positive cases were analyzed using SPSS software. Problematic cases were evaluated for any difficulties in diagnosis or in clinical signs. Scanning and molecular methods were performed whenever there was an atypical case referred to the laboratory. Some of the samples had various difficulties for diagnosing such as presence of fussed gametocytes and schizonts of Plasmodium falciparum in peripheral blood and CCHF like hemoragic disorders. Plasmodium viv...
2020
Background:Malaria infection is still one of the most important public health concerns globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospective epidemiological study of malaria in Khash City, Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran from 1999 to 2016. Methods:This was a retrospective study, which collected official data of 26-year trend of malaria in Khash, Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran. Results:The data showed that over 26 years, 5015 cases of malaria were identified in Khash; the highest number of cases was reported in 1995 with 846 patients and the lowest number was in 2016 with one patient. A total of 419 patients were Iranian (52.2%) and 383 patients (47.8%) were non-Iranian including: Afghans (323 patients, 40.3%) and Pakistanis (60 patients, 7.5%). During 17 years, 279200 blood slides for malaria were prepared in Khash of which 5014 slides were found to be positive. The highest and lowest ABER were in 2003-2004 (63.69) and 2016-2017 (0.30), respectively. Plasmo...
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 2019
Background: Malaria elimination program has been launched in Iran with the technical support of the World Health Organization since 2009. To achieve the goal of malaria eradication, not only all positive cases should be diagnosed and treated promptly but also treated patients might be considered asymptomatic reservoirs in the establishment of the malaria transmission cycle. Objectives: The present study aimed to follow up and monitor malaria-treated cases using sensitive molecular tools, as well as microscopic and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) techniques, in Bashagard district, Hormozgan province, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Bashagard district of Hormozgan province for 12 months from 2015 to 2016. A total number of 208 malaria cases treated according to the national malaria treatment guideline (I.R. Iran, 3rd edition) were randomly selected from databases to be evaluated for Plasmodium infection using microscopic, RDT, and nested-PCR (using 18ssrRNA) techniques. Results: Of the total number of 208 participants in the study, 39.9% were male and 61.1% were male. None of the participants had symptoms of malaria before sampling. Based on the results of microscopic methods, RDT, and molecular analysis for the detection of malaria parasites, no positive malaria treated cases were found. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that a robust malaria surveillance system including screening, diagnosis, timely treatment, and follow-up of treated cases plays an important role in the malaria elimination program to be implemented successfully.
Malaria Prevalence in a Low Transmission Area, Jazan District of Southwestern Saudi Arabia
The Korean Journal of Parasitology
Detailed description of malaria in low transmission areas is crucial for elimination. The current study aimed to provide a comprehensive description for malaria transmission in Jazan, a low transmission district, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Patients at a tertiary care hospital were recruited in our study between August 2016 and September 2018. Malaria diagnosis was performed through a species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR), microscopy and Paramax-3 TM rapid detection test (RDT). Malaria was detected in 30 patients by the PCR, with point prevalence of 10.9%. Of these malaria infections, 80% was imported, 26.6% was asymptomatic and 23.3% was sub-microscopic. Malaria was reported throughout the year, with February/March and September/October peaks. Infection was significantly more in males than in females (P = 0.01). Likewise, infections were detected more in febrile than in non-febrile patients (P = 0.01). Adult aged 15-24 years, fever and travel were identified as high-risk factors. Malaria was primarily attributed to Plasmodium falciparum mono-infections, followed by P. vivax mono-infections and lastly to falciparum/vivax mixed infections accounting 76.6%, 16.6%, and 6.6% of PCR-confirmed malaria cases, respectively. The nested PCR was superior to the smear microscopy (sensitivity 76.6%; specificity 100%) and the RDT (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 94.2%). The overall percent agreement between microscopy and the RDT was 92.7% (kappa= 0.63). High proportion of imported malaria including sub-microscopic and sub-patent cases were described. We suggest that incorporation of molecular tool into the conventional malaria diagnosis is beneficial in Jazan district.
Iranian journal of parasitology, 2012
A successful malaria elimination program calls for enough attention to parasite carriers, especially asymptomatic malaria, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases. Asymptomatic malaria is an infection that patients do not show any symptom; thus, these patients play critical role in the concept of an elimination program. The current investigation was conducted to evaluate the presence of these cases in Bashagard District, formerly a high malaria transmission area in Hormozgan Province, Iran. Blood samples (n = 500) were collected from symptomless individuals residing in Bashagard to evaluate Plasmodium infection by using microscopic, serological and nested-PCR techniques. Regarding the microscopic and nested-PCR analysis, no asymptomatic infection was detected among studied individuals. Totally, 1% of the studied population (5 of 500) had anti PvMSP-1(19)-specific IgG antibody; however, only 0.2% (1 of 500) of the individuals was seropositive to recombinant PfMSP-1(1...