Investigation of the Relationship Between the Intolerance of Uncertainty and Levels of Health Perception Faculty of Sports Sciences Students During the Pandemic Process (original) (raw)
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Heliyon, 2023
Abstract Background The mental health issues due to COVID-19, such as intolerance of uncertainty (IOU), anxiety, stress, and depression, have attracted extensive attention from researchers. The challenges for Pakistani university students could be worse than developed countries due to the lack of online courses/programs and online mental health support provided by academic institutions. Therefore, the current study aims to assess the intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress of Pakistani university students after the second wave of COVID-19 and the relationship among these constructs. Methods A convenience cross-sectional sampling method was used to collect data from university students in Pakistan between January 2021 and April 2022 via a structured online questionnaire. The Descriptive analysis focused on frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation (SD) were calculated on IOU-12 and DASS-21. Covariance for the research model and confirmatory factor analyses fit indices for the IOU-12 and DASS-21 were analyzed by AMOS statistical packages. Results As expected, anxiety, depression, and stress persist among Pakistani university students. On average, they report mild to moderate mental health problems regarding anxiety, depression, stress, and intolerance of uncertainty. Our results indicate a strong positive relationship among the three emotional distress components - anxiety, depression, and stress. However, our results suggest no significant relationship between IOU and the three subcomponents of emotional distress (anxiety, depression, and stress). Limitations First, the cross-sectional survey design means we cannot conclude on the causal relations. Second, the self-report questionnaire embeds subjectivity issues. Last, the generalizability of the sample to the whole student population in Pakistan is limited, considering the sampling method. Conclusion This study expanded the current knowledge in the psychological health domain (intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety, depression, and stress) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In practice, higher education institutions should further mitigate university students' mental health issues. For researchers, our findings inspire future studies to delve into the relationship between IOU and mental health issues due to COVID-19 since our findings display contrary evidence for various reasons.
Journal of Community Psychology
The purpose of the study was to measure the impact of psychological hardiness on the intolerance of uncertainty (IOU) among university students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A cross-sectional correlational research design was used in the study, where participants were selected by convenience sampling. The data was collected from 1217 undergraduate students from a university in Turkey through web-based questionnaires. The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale assessed data, including intolerance of uncertainty. In addition, the Personal Views Survey III-R was used to measure students' psychological hardiness. The results indicated that Turkish undergraduate students overall had high IOU and above-average psychological hardiness. Psychological hardiness was negatively correlated with IOU. Students losing a loved one because of COVID-19 had increased intolerance to uncertainty and lower psychological hardiness. Psychological hardiness was a powerful predictor of IOU. These findings show the need to implement hardiness-training programs for undergraduate students to increase their tolerance to uncertainty and reduce the effect of grief.
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2022
Background: University students' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward COVID-19 are vital to prevent the spread of the virus, especially in the context of developing countries. Consequently, the present study aimed to determine the KAP levels of university students and associated anxiety during the earlier stage of the pandemic in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional, online study with 544 university students was conducted during April 17-May 1, 2020. The questionnaire incorporated several KAP-related test items aligned with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Anxiety was measured with the 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-2). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between KAP levels and anxiety adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Subgroup analyses included rerunning models stratified by gender and quarantine status. Results: Approximately 50% of students showed high levels of knowledge about COVID-19 guidelines, 59% reported behavioral practices that aligned with COVID-19 guidelines, and 39% had negative attitudes toward COVID-19 guidelines. Attitudes differed by anxiety (χ 2 = 23.55, p < 0.001); specifically, negative attitudes were associated with higher anxiety (OR: 2.40, 95% CI = 1.66-3.46, p < 0.001). Associations were significant for male (OR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.45-3.84, p < 0.001) and female (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.3-4.34; p < 0.001) students. Stratified analyses found nonquarantined students with negative attitudes had three times the chance of experiencing
Intolerance of Uncertainty and Fear of COVID-19 in Early Adults in Kolkata
2021
The present research has been done to study Intolerance of Uncertainty and Fear of COVID-19 in Early Adults in Kolkata. In this study 25 males and 25 females of the age range, 18 years to 25 years residing in Kolkata has been selected and their data has been collected through online forms. The tools used in this study are Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale- Short Form and Fear of COVID-19 scale. The data has been analyzed through SPSS and Pearsons Product Moment Correlation and the Independent Sample t-test has been done for data analysis. The findings are suggestive of the absence of a significant relationship between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Fear of COVID-19 and the presence of a significant gender difference in the case of Intolerance of Uncertainty.
Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi
This study aims to investigate how the uncertainty created by the Covid-19 pandemic affects the levels of depression, stress and anxiety and the health-related cognition of the individuals participating in the study. Using an easily accessible sampling model, considering the pandemic process, scales were prepared and sent to the participants via Google Forms. With the web-based data collection technique, a total of 556 volunteers, 415 women 74.6% and 141 men 25.4%, were reached. The average age of the participants between the ages of 18 and 80 was found to be 33.22. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Health Cognitions Survey and Intolerance to Uncertainty Scale were used. The research emphasized that health cognition and intolerance to uncertainty are predictors of stress. Among the findings, it was emphasized that "negative self-evaluations about uncertainty" and "uncertainty preventing action" caused stress by intolerance to uncertainty. In the study, it was emph...
BMC Psychology
Background The COVID-19 outbreak has not only increased mortality but has also negatively affected mental health among populations across the world. Furthermore, individuals are experiencing uncertainty about their current and future situation because of the pandemic. Therefore, the present study investigated the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and procrastination among a sample of Turkish university students. Methods Between October and November 2020, 450 university students (291 females and 159 males aged 17 to 24 years) from three state universities in Turkey completed an online survey. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling methods were employed to examine a model for understanding the general procrastination during COVID-19 pandemic. Results The results of the correlation analysis indicated that the fear of COVID-19 was positively correlated with both intolerance of uncertainty (r = .26, p
Anxieties of secondary school students during distance learning in COVID-19 pandemic
World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues
As a result of increasing COVID-19 cases all over the world, schools continued to provide education distantly since the beginning of 2020. This immediate shift is considered as both a factor of anxiety and an area of anxiety. This study aims to investigate the underlying reasons of anxieties among secondary school students with regard to five dimensions: health-related issues, technological opportunities, domiciliary conditions, course-related issues and privacy-related issues. A survey design was adopted. The research was carried out with participation of 156 secondary school students of a state school in Istanbul. Data was collected through the Anxiety Sources Questionnaire in Distance Education developed by the researchers. The underlying reasons of anxiety of secondary school students is presented under five categories. The results revealed that students were mainly concerned about face-to-face exams; problems related to devices; isolation; their inefficiency to learn the conten...
Fear of COVID-19 Effects on University Student’s Health Behaviours: The FRESH Study
International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science
Background: The imposed stay-at-home restrictions with the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted daily routines and impacted some population groups more than others. One such group included university students who were forced to adapt to online classes reducing face to face interactions. The uncertainty associated with this change may have created a sense of anxiety and fear towards the virus. Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the level of fear associated with COVID-19 in Canadian undergrad university students and the influence fear may have on their health-related behaviours during an ongoing pandemic. Methods: Students enrolled in four large universities in the province of Alberta were invited to complete an online Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) from January 4th to February 15th, 2021. Results: Undergraduate students (n=680; 73.4% female) with a mean age of 23 (SD 5) years had an average FCV-19 score of 17.1 (SD 6.1) out of 35. Many students (60%) categor...