Study the Effect of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Achillea Eriophora on Cardiovascular System of Male Rats (original) (raw)
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Hypotensive effect of Achillea wilhelmsii aqueous-ethanolic extract in rabbit
mums.ac.ir
Objective: For many years in herbal medicine the antihypertensive and lowering blood lipid properties of Achillea wilhelmsii (A. wilhelmsii) have been suggested. In the present study the impacts of the plant extract on rabbit's blood pressure and heart rate have been investigated. Materials and Methods: Twelve NWZ rabbits weighed 2-3 kg were randomly divided into two groups of 6 rabbits. The test group received A. wilhelmsii extract (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) and the control group received normal saline by jugular vein cannula. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured via carotid cannula using pressure transducer connected to a power lab system. Results: The blood pressure was significantly decreased (16.7± 1.4 mmHg) in 80 mg/kg dose of the extract (p<0.05). However, there were not any significant effects on heart rate in the other doses of the extract or normal saline. Conclusion: the aqueous-ethanolic extract has blood pressure lowering property which may due to cardiac depressant and/or vasorelaxant effects.
Cardiovascular Effects of AqueousEthanolic Extract of Achillea Wilhelmsii in Rabbit
2011
For many years in herbal medicine the antihypertensive and lowering blood lipid properties of Achillea wilhelmsii have been suggested . In the present study the impacts of the plant extract on rabbit’s blood pressure, heart rate and intraventricular pressure have been investigated. Twenty four NWZ rabbits weighed (2*3 kg) were randomly divided into four groups. Two groups of 6 rabbits received jugular injection of either A. wilhelmsii extract (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) or normal saline for blood pressure effects and two groups for intraventricular pressure. Blood pressure, heart rate and intraventricular pressure were measured via carotid cannula using pressure transducer connected to a power lab system. The blood pressure was significantly decreased in 80 mg/kg dose of the extract. However, there were not any significant effects on heart rate in other doses of the extract or normal saline. Although, the extract was significantly decreased (dp/dt) max and left ventricular developed press...
Evaluation of the blood pressure lowering activity of leaf extract of acalypha torta Muell
African journal of pharmacy and pharmacology
The leaf of Acalypha torta Muell. (Euphorbiaceae) is used as folk remedy in Nigeria for the treatment of hypertension. Effects of extracts of A. torta leaf on the blood pressure of anaesthetized cats were studied to examine this claim. The ethanol extract produced a significant (p < 0.0001) and dosedependent fall in arterial blood pressure. The extract inhibited adrenaline -induced contraction of isolated rabbit aortic strips and produced a significant (p < 0.0001) and dose -dependent increase in the rate of flow of physiologic fluid through the rat hind-quarters preparation. Both evidences indicate relaxant effect of the ethanol extract on vascular smooth muscle. Calcium chloride -induced tachycardia was abolished following administration of the extract. It had no effect on the rate of contraction of the isolated rabbit heart, but reduced the force of contraction. Column chromatography was performed and Fraction L, eluted with distilled water, was found to be responsible for the reduction in blood pressure.
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 2009
This investigation was aimed to provide a pharmacologic basis to the medicinal use of Acorus calamus in cardiovascular disorders. In normotensive anesthetized rats, crude extract of Acorus calamus and its ethylacetate and nHexane fractions caused a fall in mean arterial pressure. In rabbit aorta rings, crude extract was more potent against high K + (80 mM), ethylacetate against phenylephrine (1 mM), whereas nHexane fraction was equipotent against both precontractions. Crude extract exhibited a vasoconstrictor effect on baseline. Pretreatment of aortic rings with crude extract and its fractions shifted Ca +2 concentration-response curves to the right, similar to verapamil. Crude extract and ethylacetate fraction suppressed phenylephrine peak formation in Ca +2free medium. In rat aorta preparations, crude extract exhibited endothelium-independent relaxation with a vasodilatory effect against high K + . nHexane fraction caused an endothelium-dependent Nv-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-sensitive vasorelaxant along with ryanodine-sensitive vasoconstrictor effect on baseline tension and partially inhibited high K + , although ethylacetate fraction caused an endothelium-independent relaxant and endothelium-dependent vasoconstrictor effect. These data indicate that crude extract possesses a combination of effects, relaxant effects mediated possibly through Ca +2 antagonism in addition to a nitric oxide pathway, although the associated vasoconstrictor effects may be meant by nature to offset excessive vasodilatation, thus providing a pharmacologic rationale to its cardiovascular medi-cinal uses.
Achillea eriophora DC.: An ethnobotanical, pharmacological and phytochemical review
2021
Background: Achillea eriophora DC. (Asteraceae) is a less-known medicinal plant endemic to South and East Iran. It is traditionally used for treating a variety of health problems by local people. This review aims to provide up-to-date information on A. eriophora, including its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties, in exploring future therapeutic and scientific potentials. Methods: The information on ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological aspects of A. eriophora was collected from the scientific literature databases, Iranian Pharmacopoeia, published books, Ph.D. and MS dissertations. Results: Achillea eriophora is traditionally considered to have antipyretic, diuretic, and carminative effects. It is also used to treat digestive problems, diarrhea, fever, diabetes, bone pain, wounds, and insect bite. It has considerable pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, hypotensive, wound healing, and antioxidant. A total of 128 compounds such as terpenes, sesquiterpenes, alcohols, esters, and phenols have been isolated from this species. Its major chemical components are 1,8-cineole and camphor. Conclusions: The high number of isolated constituents signify considerable pharmacological properties of Achillea eriophora. The present pharmacological investigations of this plant are limited and often lack exact information on active compounds and their mechanisms of action. Most of the medicinal properties attributed to A. eriophora, such as healing digestive disorders, fever, and diabetes have not yet been investigated and proven under a scientific study. This highlights the importance of A. eriophora as a valuable candidate for future studies on medicinal plants. Due to its wide range of traditional uses, the whole plant parts of A.eriophora, including roots, are harvested by local communities. Therefore, a conservation planning for this threatened species is needed.
Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 2009
The effect of Acalypha wilkesiana leaves on the blood pressure and aortic contractile and relaxation responses of salt-loaded rats was investigated. Three groups of five animals each were used. The control group received a diet consisting 100% of the commercial feed; the testcontrol received a diet consisting 8% salt and 92% commercial feed, while the test received diet containing 8% salt, 5% leaf powder and 87% commercial feed. The systolic and pulse pressure of the treated animals was significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of the test-control and the control, while their diastolic pressure was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the test-control and not the control. The treated group had the highest median effective concentration (EC 50 ) for both noradrenalin (NA) and acetylcholine (AcCh). (
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013
Koushyar, et al.: Effect of Achillea Millefolium on β-adrenoceptor of Tracheal Muscle Different pharmacological effects of Achillea millefolium including its relaxant effect on smooth muscle have been shown previously. In the present study the stimulatory effect of the plant extract on β-adrenoceptor of tracheal muscle was examined in order to investigate one possible mechanism for its observed relaxant effect. Effect of three concentrations of hydroethanol extract, 10 nM propranolol, and saline on β-adrenoceptor was tested in two experimental groups including; nonincubated tracheal smooth muscles (group 1) and incubated tracheal smooth muscle with chlorpheniramine (group 2). Concentration response curves to isoprenaline were performed in precontracted tracheal smooth muscle in the presence of the extract, propranolol and saline. Values of EC 50 and CR-1 were measured. Leftward shifts in isoprenaline curves were observed in the presence of medium and high concentrations of the extract compared with saline in both groups. The values of EC 50 obtained in the presence of medium and high concentrations of the extract only in group 1 were nonsignificantly lower than that of saline. The values of CR-1 obtained in the presence of all concentrations of the extract in both groups were negative and significantly different with that of propranolol. The results indicated a small stimulatory effect of the extract on ß 2-adrenoceptors.
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013
Background: Asystasia gangentica (A. gangetica) belongs to the family Acanthaceae. It is used to treat hypertension, rheumatism, asthma, diabetes mellitus, and as an anthelmintic in South Africa, India, Cameroun, Nigeria, and Kenya respectively. It has also been reported to inhibit the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) in-vitro. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the in-vivo effect of aqueous leaf extract (ALE) of A. gangetica on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in anaesthetized male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); and to elucidate possible mechanism(s) by which it acts. Methods: The ALE of A. gangetica (10-400 mg/kg), angiotensin I human acetate salt hydrate (ANG I, 3.1-100 μg/kg) and angiotensin II human (ANG II, 3.1-50 μg/kg) were administered intravenously. The BP and HR were measured via a pressure transducer connecting the femoral artery to a Powerlab and a computer for recording. Results: A. gangetica significantly (p<0.05), and dose-dependently reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP. The significant (p<0.05) reductions in HR were not dose-dependent. Both ANG I and ANG II increased the BP dose-dependently. Co-infusion of A. gangetica (200 mg/kg) with either ANG I or ANG II significantly (p<0.05) suppressed the hypertensive effect of both ANG I and ANG II respectively, and was associated with reductions in HR. Conclusions: A. gangetica ALE reduced BP and HR in the SHR. The reduction in BP may be a result of actions of the ALE on the ACE, the ANG II receptors and the heart rate.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2006
Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae), popularly known as yarrow, has been used in folk medicine to treat complaints such as inflammation, pain, wounds, hemorrhages and gastrointestinal disturbances. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the aqueous extract (AE) of the plant after chronic exposure. Indeed, the AE was effective in protecting the gastric mucosa against acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol and indomethacin and in healing chronic gastric lesions induced by acetic acid with (ED 50 = 32 mg/kg, p.o.). Safety studies were performed in female and male Wistar rats treated daily with AE (0.3-1.2 g/kg, p.o./day) or vehicle (water, 10 ml/kg/day) for 28 or 90 consecutive days. Satellite groups consisted of animals sacrificed 30 days after the end of these treatments. Clinical observations, body and organ weight measurements, gross autopsy, hematology, clinical biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed. Slight changes in liver weight, cholesterol, HDLcholesterol and glucose were observed in male and female animals. These changes were not correlated with dose or time of exposure of the animals to the AE. Overall, the results show the antiulcer potential of the aerial parts of the Achillea millefolium which is accompanied by no signs of relevant toxicity even at very long chronic exposure.