Culture and Post-culture (original) (raw)
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Postmodernism: Theory and Practice of Multiculturalism in Europe
he article describes the basic concepts and views on the policy of multiculturalism, using the example of European countries (the United Kingdom, Germany and France). The research is focused on three main objectives: analyzing the concept of multiculturalism in the context of postmodernism, identifying its strengths and weaknesses and giving a detailed analysis of the consequences of multiculturalism in different European countries. The author also discusses the perspectives of the policy of multiculturalism, as well as the cultural and social policy in relation to different cultures in Europe. The research is based on a set of systemic and dialectical methods that consider the research question as a complex emerging phenomenon including a number of interacting and interrelated levels: theoretical, socio-economic, cultural and political. The author assumes that the policy of multiculturalism can contribute to the further democratization of the international community, but a positive...
the postcolonial condition 605 the end of the next decade the Soviet Union released its European and most of its other colonies aft er 1989. As smaller and smaller countries achieved sovereignty, all over Europe, nationalist activists from nations such as the Basques, or the Scots, also used the overarching framework of the EU to agitate for independence or secession. Th e whole of the second half of the twentieth century thus involved a narrative of Europe slowly putting itself in a postcolonial condition in a process that even now seems unending, and this perhaps provides one explanation of the preference for 'post' epithets-for marking the present time as a process of transition, of crossing over from the past without a clear sense of the identity of the present or the future. And yet much of the identity of the present state of things internationally remains very recognizable-since the geography of the world is effectively a European invention-not only the shape of the individual nation states that refl ect their particular colonial histories, but the invention of the nation state itself as the basis of the world political system. Europe absent-mindedly facilitated the world of nation states that arose aft er 1945, and remains determined by the world beyond its borders, which it has created for, aside from anything else, an ever-expanding global capitalism sees no reason to remain tied to particular nation states. In their own way, too, in a dialectical response, the anti-colonial struggles could be said to have created the globalized world. Th e protracted decolonization process has meant that the anti-colonial movements too became a long-standing condition of European politics, and their processes remain a persistent feature of its political life. Th e anti-colonial struggles formed part of an extended history of struggles against the West, not just to free themselves from its political control, but to break out of the confi nes of the hierarchies of coloniality. Th e larger battle was to assert coevalness as human beings and as human societies, to make the colonial no longer 'other' to the metropolis. 5 Th e colonized societies wanted not only sovereignty and autonomy, they also wanted equality, to be recognized as fully human. Cultural Production Th e dilatory deferment of decolonization from 1945 produced a form of temporality in Europe that turned decolonization into a semi-permanent postcolonial condition. If the fi rst stipulation that followed Europe's own decolonization in 1945 was that it should decolonize its empires, the second was that it should also decolonize itself, beginning with the cultural and racial ideologies that had been developed to sustain imperial rule. It was a question of decolonizing laws, institutions, and education, as well as the mind, and realizing that the postcolonial condition has never been static, but has always been a dialectical process, a state of translation. Historically, that translation has always proved to be a two-way activity, not only the European states translating themselves as colonies 5 Johannes Fabian , Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983) .
Post-race, post-politics: The paradoxical rise of culture after multiculturalism
Declarations of the end of race ignore the continuing impact of racism upon socio-economic inequality in 'racial states'. Nevertheless, the idea of post-racialism has gained ground in a post-9/11 era, defined by a growing suspicion of diversity. Clearly racialized, this suspicion is couched in cultural-civilizational terms that attempt to avoid the charge of racism. Hence, attempts to counteract the purported failure of multiculturalism in Europe today pose culturalist solutions to problems deemed to originate from an excess of cultural diversity. This is part of a deepening culturalization of politics in which the post-race argument belongs to a post-political logic that shuns political explanations of unrest and widening disintegration in favour of reductive culturalist ones. The culturalization of politics is elaborated by relating it to the displacement of the political that originated with the nineteenth-century ascendance of race, thus setting 'post-racialism' firmly within the history of modern racism.
Culture in Contemporary Society in the Era of Globalization
2021
The paper discusses culture in modern society. Scientists are trying to define the concept of culture, but there is a great disagreement between the authors, which only confirms that this is a very complex phenomenon. The spread of cultural contacts in the modern world, communication and knowledge contribute to the rapprochement of nations. The globalization of culture has positive and negative<br> sides. The possibility of losing cultural identity lies in the growing danger of assimilation - the absorption of a small culture by a larger one, the dissolution of the cultural characteristics of a national minority in the culture of a great nation.