Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Different Photoablative Laser Irradiation Protocols on the Gingiva of Periodontopathic Patients (original) (raw)
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Australian Dental Journal, 2016
Background: Inflammatory periodontal diseases are initiated by microbial biofilms. The reduction of the biofilm is important in the management of the disease. This study compares periodontopathogen levels following the treatment of chronic periodontitis using Er:YAG laser (ERL) debridement and mechanical scaling and root planing (SRP). Methods: Using a split-mouth design, two quadrants were randomly allocated for treatment. Two hundred and fifty-two subgingival plaque samples were collected from 21 patients, before treatment (baseline) and at 6 and 12 weeks posttherapy. Multiplex qPCR was used to determine relative levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Results: Tf and Pg were significantly reduced post-treatment for both ERL and SRP. ERL treatment resulted in a reduction of Td at 12 weeks. Following SRP treatment Aa was significantly reduced at 12 weeks. No statistically significant difference was seen when treatments were compared at 6 and 12 weeks. Conclusions: A comparable reduction in the level of the four periodontal pathogens assayed was achieved with Er:YAG laser debridement and mechanical scaling and root planing.
The journal of contemporary dental practice, 2024
Aim: This split-mouth randomized trial (RCT) aimed to assess the effect of diode laser on the clinical parameters in patients with periodontitis, compare the results with scaling and root planing (SRP) alone, and assess the implications of diode laser (DL) on plaque bacteria. Materials and methods: Seventeen periodontitis patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups based on the therapy delivered. Group I (control site) received just SRP at baseline, while group II (test site) received both SRP and DL irradiation. For both groups, the clinical periodontal parameters probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline, 30 days, and 90 days. Microbiological amount was also measured at baseline, 30, and 90 days after periodontal treatment. The amounts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a), Prevotella intermedia (Pr. intermedia), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) were determined using real-time PCR probing with specific bacterial primers. Results: In both groups, PPD and CAL showed statistically significant reductions at different time intervals (p < 0.05). No significant difference were observed in CAL values after 1 and 3 months in both test and control groups (p > 0.05). The mean values of the concentration of A.a, Pr. intermedia and P. gingivalis were lower in the case group as compared to the control group and the difference was statistically significant after 1 month (*p = 0.001). Clinical significance: According to this study, non-invasive laser treatment has the potential to improve clinical outcomes by lowering the quantity of A.a, Pr. intermedia and P. gingivalis. Conclusion: In both groups, a considerable decrease in the periodontal pathogens A.a, Pr. intermedia and P. gingivalis were discovered; however, the intergroup comparison was insignificant in relation to PD and CAL. The adjunctive treatment with diode laser showed better efficacy in ensuring a better periodontal treatment than SRP alone.
Histological Examination of Gingiva Treated with Low-level Laser in Periodontal Therapy
Journal of Laser Applications
P eriodontitis is defined as "inflammatory disease of supportive tissue of teeth caused by specific mi-croorganisms which lead to progressive destruction of periodontal membrane and alveolar bone, with forma-tion of periodontal pockets and gingival recession". 1 The microorganisms found in the gingival sulcus are re-sponsible for the first pathological changes in the in-flamed gingiva. The initial damage consists of widening of the intracellular spaces, which, during the early phase of gingival inflammation, enables aggressive bac-teria and their products to penetrate into connective gingival tissue. 2 In response to dental plaque, healthy periodontium brings about significant changes in the tissue. The changes depend on the interaction between the host response (defense mechanisms) and microbial flora in the plaque, which causes the appearance of various clinical forms of periodontal disease. However, this in-teraction does not greatly affect the histological changes in t...
Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser for the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a pilot study
Journal of investigative and clinical dentistry, 2010
To evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing during the hygienic phase. In eight patients, sites with a mean probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≥5 mm were treated by either scaling and root planing (n=28) (control) or by scaling and root planing and adjunctive laser therapy (n=28) (power: 5W). Re-evaluation was at 4-6 weeks. Thereafter, remaining pockets (mean PPD ≥5 mm) were eliminated by either laser surgery (power: 7 W) or gingivectomy (control). At baseline, the mean PPD of sites originally presenting with a mean PPD ≥4 mm were 4.69 and 4.73 mm in the test and control sites, respectively. Six months following surgery, there was a similar average mean PPD reduction in the test (1.18 mm, P<0.01) and control sites (1.35 mm, P<0.01). Also, the reduction in bleeding on probing in both groups was statistically significant (P<0.01, paired t-tests). No statistically-significant diff...
Laser Assisted Periodontal Treatement
Knowledge International Journal, 2021
In the last decades, dental lasers become a vital part of many dental practices and a solution to many periodontal problems that can be seen in everyday dental practice. Both manual and ultrasonic instruments for scaling and root planing have some shortcomings, their replacement by more appropriate and efficient methods has always been considered in modern dental practice and periodontolgy. This is where the application of LASERs with different wavelengths were inroduced for removing of deposits from the root surfaces. Various types of lasers can also be used in periodontology, including carbon dioxide laser (CO 2), neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG), Er: YAG and Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er, Cr : YSGG). The main aim of this research is to describe a new therapeutic modality in periodontology-laser assisted periodontal therapy. We searched PubMed for articles relevant to our topic-laser assisted periodontal treatement of studies activating limits like date range (1991-2021), and the type of articles were Clinical Trial, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Review, Comparative study and English was chosen as the language and humans as the species. Er: YAG laser is a laser that contains a solid state medium, it is a crystal laser that works in the field of infrared wavelength (2,940 nm). Due to its high absorption in water and hydroxyapatite, several studies have shown the effectiveness of this laser in the ablation of hard and soft tissues and its bactericidal effects with little or no pain in clinical application confirm the numerous advantages of this laser. Er: YAG laser is one of the most spectacular types of laser that can be used in periodontal therapy. Its effectiveness in removing the softened and pathologically altered parts from cement and in smoothing the root surface has been proven in numeorus in vitro studies. The latest scientific evidence suggests that the use of Nd: YAG or Er: YAG wavelengths in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease is equivalent to ustrasound and manual instrumentationof periodontal pockets primarily in terms of reducing the depth of periodontal pockets clinically determined through the probing procedure and by reducing the bacterial population of the dental plaque. However, if increasing of clinical attachment is considered as gold standard in non-surgical periodontal therapy, then the evidence supporting laser-assisted periodontal treatment over traditional therapy is not significant. Clinical parameters such as plaque indices, gingival indices, periodontal pocket depth, bleeding on probing and the occurrence of clinical attachment loss are further improved after treatment with the Er: YAG laser in relation to periodontal pocket mechanical debridman. It is also of interest to note that the use of laser light by the Er: YAG laser in the treatment of periodontal disease alone gives better results than the combination of manual and ultrasound therapy on the root surface of the tooth. The clinical efficacy of the Er: YAG laser is similar to that achieved after mechanical debridman of periodontal pockets. Because the Er: YAG laser has certain advantages, it can be expected to be an alternative choice in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Antimicrobial properties of laser treatment in periodontal therapy
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018
Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease with complex inflammatory responses caused by the disruption of normal homeostatic processes by oral bacteria in the periodontal tissue. In periodontal therapy, the clinical-microbiological properties of the laser therapy may positively affect wound healing. This study involves extensive literature review to examine the antimicrobial impact of laser therapy on the progression of post-treatment periodontal tissue responses. The literature we reviewed was searched and compiled from Pub Med using the following terms: antimicrobial properties, laser technology, periodontal therapy, periodontitis, laser therapy, and periodontal wound healing. As per the literature review, the laser treatment exhibits antimicrobial activity, indicated by the decrease in biofilm formation and enhanced wound healing of the periodontal tissue. Laser technology is a recent approach employed for the management of periodontal disease. Various wavelengths are effective and have antibacterial effect. The comparison of different lasers and their effects on the periodontal tissue is difficult because of the availability of a wide range of treatment protocols for using laser.
Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985), 2014
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effectiveness of using a fiber-less Er:YAG laser in the first stage of therapy for moderate chronic periodontitis and to compare it with conventional treatment. Two quadrants from 20 patients with moderate chronic periodontitis were treated with Gracey curettes (control), and the contralateral two quadrants in each patient were treated using an Er:YAG laser with total power of 1.5W (test). Subgingival plaque samples from the four deepest pockets in each quadrant were taken immediately before and 1 month after treatment, and the presence of nine marker bacteria was studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction technology. A significant reduction of total pathogens and bacteria from the red complex was observed 1 month after treatment with both procedures. The results were more significant for the test group (P = .003) than for the control group (P = .005). Qualitative analysis of sites that had a therapeutically significa...
Journal of lasers in medical sciences, 2014
INTRODUCTION Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease, for which, scaling and root planning(SRP) is the common approach for non-surgical control of inflammation. Using lasers is anotherapproach in the first phase of periodontal treatment for control of inflammation. Diode laserhas some beneficial effects such as acceleration of wound healing, promotion of angiogenesisand augmentation of growth factor release. Thus the aim of this study is the evaluation of diodelaser (980 nm) effect on gingival inflammation when it is used between the first and secondphase of periodontal treatment, in comparison with common treatment (SRP) modality alone. METHODS In this study, 21 patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were selectedand divided in to control group (SRP) and test group (SRP + laser). Two months after the lastscaling and laser radiation, indexes including gingival level (GL), bleeding on probing (BOP)and modified gingival index (MGI) were recorded and compared with base...
The Effects of Low Level Laser Irradiation on Gingival Inflammation
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2010
Objective: The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of low level laser irradiation treatment and conservative treatment on gingival inflammation. Background: It is widely accepted today that the primary etiological factor for the onset of periodontitis is dental plaque, although the exact mechanism of damage remains unknown. Inflammation is a basic response of periodontal tissue to damage and serves as a fast first line of defense against damage and infections. The treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis has gone through various stages: from the simplest, classical treatment methods, through improved radical interventions, to a new era marked by laser technology. Low level laser irradiation has an anti-inflammatory effect, both general and local. Materials and methods: The research was done on patients who had chronic periodontal disease (mild periodontitis) with expressed clinical symptoms of gingival inflammation. All patients in the study underwent conservative treatment. After conservative therapy, the patients from the experimental group were subjected to 10 low level laser treatment sessions. Both groups underwent regular follow-up visits 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment, which involved only clinical examination using plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing index (BOP index). Results: A considerable decrease in all three indexes after the application of both therapies was noticed. The follow-up visits revealed the difference in index values. With laser therapy, the values of indexes decreased steadily, whereas with conservative therapy they increased up to a certain point, but did not reach the pre-therapy values. Conclusions: A general conclusion can be drawn that low level laser irradiation (semiconductor, 670 nm) can be used as a successful physical adjuvant method of treatment, which, together with traditional periodontal therapy, leads to better and longer-lasting therapeutic results.