Antiplasmodial activity of stem bark and leaves of Alstonia boonei (De Wild) (original) (raw)
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Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research, 2018
Alstonia boonei De Wild is very cited in ethnobotanical surveys and in literature as an antimalarial plant. In the Republic of Congo, traditional therapists use the decoction of A. boonei stem bark to treat Malaria. To verify this information obtained from the traditional therapists, we conducted a phytochemical study, evaluated the antiplasmodial activity and the acute toxicity of the decoction of its stem bark. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. It also allowed the extraction of total alkaloids with a yield of 6.33 ± 0.02%. The antiplasmodial activity evaluated on the strain isolated from patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum was comparable between the decoction (IC50 = 111.2 μg.ml-1) and the total alkaloids (IC50 = 116.4 μg.ml-1). This activity is therefore due to alkaloids. The lethal dose 50% (LD50) is greater than 5000 mg.kg-1 , the plant is not toxic.
International Journal of Pathogen Research
Many modern medicines are derived from the chemicals available in plants. The utilization of plants against diseases by traditional medical practitioners is common in many parts of the world and several researches have been carried out to determine the scientific basis for the use of such plants. Alstonia boonei is one of the many medicinal plants found in Nigeria. The plant parts have been traditionally used to treat various ailments including malaria. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimalarial activity, phytochemical composition and toxicity of ethanolic stem bark extract of Alstonia boonei. The extract showed substantial dose dependent antimalarial activity as indicated by the recorded suppressive (45.67%, 58.53% and 74.68% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) prophylactic (33.57%, 45.64% and 61.23% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) and curative effects (62.35%, 68.57% and 79.63% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) on Plasmodium berghei infected wh...
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1990
The petroleum either extract and methanol extract of the bark of Alstoniu scholaris were found to be devoid of antiamalarial activity in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei However, a dose-dependent improvement of conditions and delayed mortality amongst animals receiving methanol extract of A. scholaris was noticed. Studies with A. constricta and alstonine shall help resolve the antimalarial status of the bark in question.
Antimalarial Activity of Leaf Extract, Fractions and Isolation of Sterol from Alstonia boonei
Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2019
Medicines from medicinal plants form the basis of primary healthcare for majority of the people living in rural and urban areas. World Health Organization has stated that more than 80% of people living in developing countries still depend on herbal medicines to treat common diseases including malaria. 1 This has been a general trend which is still being practiced till date. Alstonia boonei is a large evergreen tree belonging to the family Apocynaceae and one of the widely used medicinal plants in different parts of Africa. It is distributed throughout the tropics and the rain forest of west and Central Africa and has been found effective against several pathogens. Pharmacological studies on the various parts of the plant have indicated that it possesses anti-inflammatory properties. 2,3 Immunostimulant property, diuretic, spasmolytic and hypotensive properties, antipsychotic and anxiolytic effect, 4 antimalarial, antipyretic, analgesic, anthelmintic and reversible antifertility effect. 5,6 The stem bark of A. boonei is used in traditional medicine to treat fever, painful micturition, insomnia, malaria and chronic diarrhea, rheumatic pains, as anti-venom for snake bites and in the treatment of arrow poisoning. It is also used in treating painful micturition and rheumatic conditions. 5 A. boonei has a history of use in traditional medicine in Nigeria and Central Cameroon for the treatment of malaria, insomnia, chronic diarrhea, and rheumatic pains, it also serves as anti-venom for snake bites and in the treatment of arrow poisoning. 3,7 In Africa and elsewhere, plant extracts are still widely used in the treatment of malaria and other ailments, and up to 80% of the African population use traditional medicines for primary health care. 8
The present study assessed the anti-malaria potentials and effects of aqueous and ethanolic leaf and root extracts of Alstonia boonei on the haematological indices of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. The aim was to comparatively evaluate the anti-Plasmodium effects of the plant extracts in the infected mice against the standard drug. A total of 216 male albino mice were randomly assigned to six treatment groups each containing six mice for both aqueous and ethanolic extracts experimentation. The artesunate-sensitive strain of the rodent parasite P. berghei NK-65 was inoculated into the mice intraperitoneally and infection was established by both clinical and microscopic examination. Administration of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf and root extracts of A. boonei was done after phytochemical and acute toxicity tests at varying concentrations, for both suppressive and curative tests. Blood samples were collected by ocular puncturing and were examined for the haematological indices of PCV, Hb, RBC, MCHC, MCV, WBC, MHC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, platelets, eosinophil, and monocyte using the standard procedures for estimation. Results showed a comparable suppressive ability of A. boonei extracts to the standard drug, as well as a significantly (p<0.05) higher after treatment recovery of mice than the untreated infected mice. The haematological indices examined showed significantly (p<0.05) normalized and increased concentration after 7 days post-infection. In conclusion, the extracts of A. boonei leaf and root anti-Plasmodium activity was dependent on both dosage and duration as observed from the study, and have demonstrated satisfactory normalization efficacy to haematological indices in malaria treatment.
Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2017
In a preliminary research, authors reported that solvents extracts of Alstonia boonei possess strong antimalarial activity against NK-65 Chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei infected mice with aqueous extract having the highest decrease in mean percentage parasitaemia. This research was therefore aimed at evaluating the effects of most active stem bark extracts (aqueous and chloroform) of Alstonia boonei on liver function indices of Plasmodium Berghei -induced mice. A total of 42 albino mice were inoculated with Plasmodium berghei and left for 7 days for optimum parasitaemia development after which they were screened for malarial parasites using thin blood film. They were then randomly divided into 7 groups of 6 mice per cage. Group 1 served as normal control, Groups 2 served as negative control (malaria infected but untreated), group 3 were administered with Chloroquine, groups 4 and 5 animals were administered with aqueous extract at a dose of 150 and 250mgkg-1 per day for fou...
Alstonia species: are they effective in malaria treatment?
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1993
A review of the literature on Alstonia species indicates that evidence in support of their effectiveness in the treatment of malaria is controversial. The antiprotozoal activity of the major alkaloid present in Alstonia species, echitamine, was assessed in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and Giardia intestinalis. Echitamine displayed little antiplasmodial activity, but two quinoline alkaloids from A. coriacea (corialstonine and corialstonidine) were found to have some activity against P. falciparum although this was -10 times less than that of quinine. None of the three Aistonia alkaloids was active against G. intestinalis. These results are discussed in the context of previously published data.
Drug resistance in malaria infection is a serious public health challenge. Thus, scientific search for alternative treatment measures among the local medicinal plants is exigent. We therefore investigated the anti-plasmodial efficacy and genotoxicity of the methanolic leaf and stem extracts of Alstonia plant at varying concentration (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) in mice infected with chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed that leaf sample contained significantly higher secondary metabolites, except saponins (p<0.05). Anti-plasmodial activities of the two extracts were duration and dose-dependent. Stem bark extract showed higher curative potential with inhibition rate of 56.71% at 400 mg/kg whereas, leaf extract was efficient at 600mg/kg with 52.15% inhibition rate. Stem bark extract at 400 mg/kg improved the enzymatic activities of the mice; it lowered serum ALT (6.88±4.42) and increased liver ALT (41.07±5.56). Similarly, 400 mg/kg leaf extract showed highest AST (70.65±4.00) and ALT (44.65±7.83) activities in the kidney and liver respectively. Analysis of genotoxicity revealed that micronucleus and abnormal (binucleated, notched and blebbed) were prevalent among the experimental mice which increased significantly (p<0.05) at all concentrations except at 600mg/kg leaf extract. Therefore, this present study indicates that both leaf and stem bark extracts of A. boonei possess anti-plasmodial activity and are less genotoxic when compared with standard drug.
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021
Extracts of Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya are used in herbal medicine for the treatment of malaria. This work investigated the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimalarial effects of hydromethanolic extracts of Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya. A four-day chemosuppressive test was conducted to assess the ability of the extracts to prevent establishment of infection. Three doses of the extracts were administered—100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw—prior to Plasmodium berghei challenge. Change in body weight, parasitemia, packed cell volume (PCV), and mean survival time was determined. A three-day curative test was also carried out on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice to determine the effects of the plant extracts (200 mg/kg bw) on parasitemia and biochemical indices of liver and kidney functions, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. The study revealed that the extracts possessed phenolic compounds (34.13 ± 1.90 mg GAE/g for Alstonia boonei and 27.99 ± 1.46 mg GAE/g for Carica papaya) a...