Investigation of spatial distributions and sources of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in a heavily polluted industrial region using tree components (original) (raw)
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As a consequence of atmospheric pollution, trace elements accumulate in forest ecosystems. Therefore, measurement of pollutants in tree barks and leaves/needles has been commonly used to determine the level and spatial distribution of air pollution in an area. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of various trace elements in Aliaga industrial region, Turkey. Leaf litter and tree component samples (bark, leaf/needle and branch) of two pine species (Pinus brutia and Pinus pinea) were collected at 27 different sampling sites. All collected samples were analyzed for several trace elements (Ag,
Environmental science & technology, 2015
Several persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in needle, branch, bark, and tree ring samples in pine samples collected at 27 sites (21 industrial, 6 background) in Aliaga industrial region in Turkey. Soil, litter, and air samples were also collected to investigate the relationships between the air and soil, litter, and tree components. Concentrations decreased with distance from the sources and the lowest ones were measured at background sites. The spatial distribution of POPs indicated that the major sources in the region are the iron-steel, ship-breaking, petrochemical plants and the petroleum refinery. Significant correlations between the air concentrations and, soil, litter, and tree components indicated the interaction of these compartments with air. Observed increasing trends of POPs in the tree-ring sample...
Tree bark as a bioindicator of air pollution in the city of Stassfurt, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2018
Tree bark was used as a biomonitor to evaluate past atmospheric contamination in and around Stassfurt in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Forty-three outer and inner bark samples, predominantly oak (Quercus), were collected. For comparison purposes, bark of the same tree species was collected in reference areas in Saxony-Anhalt and nationwide in Germany. Concentrations of 53 chemical elements, Pb isotope ratios, as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) are reported. Based on the air quality index (AQIB), the outer tree bark concentrations of Ca, Al, Sr, Ti, S, W, Na, Cu, U, Zr and Rb indicate very high atmospheric 'contaminant loads' 1 in both the urban and surrounding areas. A high 'contaminant load' was determined for P,
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 1996
An investigation has been carried out to study the pattern of heavy metal abundance in buds, needles, twigs and cones from single trees and to compare the results with the integrated (composite, homogenized) ESB material of the same origin. It has been evident that (i) pine and spruce shoots are comparable in terms of the pattern of trace element abundance with the exception of Ni, Ba, Sr and Pb, (ii) twigs contribute substantially to the overall concentration of the homogeneous material, and (iii) heavy metal concentrations are remarkably different in samples from remote and industrialized sampling sites. To distinguish the influence of soil at different sampling sites on the overall concentration levels, an extensive investigation using chemometrical data evaluation has still to be carried out.
Levels of persistent organic pollutants in pine tree components and ambient air
Environmental Pollution, 2020
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Environmental Science & Technology, 1998
Pine needle (Pinus sylvestris) and lichen (Hypogymnia physodes) samples from various remote sites across Norway have been analyzed for a range of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Results have shown differences in accumulation between species, with higher concentrations being noted in the H. physodes than the P. sylvestris. This indicates that to use vegetation as a biomonitor, intraspecies and not interspecies comparisons in vegetation pollutant loading between sites are necessary. R/γ-HCH ratios were highest at colder northern sites, indicating increased distance from source areas and long-range atmospheric transport. Concentrations of PCBs 101, 118, 138, and 153 in H. physodes were found to be higher at lower temperatures. Trends between burdens of the other POPs in H. physodes or P. sylvestris and site temperature or latitude were not apparent. Plant/air partition coefficients indicate favored accumulation of PCBs in vegetation at lower temperatures and for higher chlorinated congeners.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
Thirty-two trace elements were examined in the tree rings of downy oak to evaluate the pollution levels close to a cement plant isolated in a rural context and an industrial area where multiple sources of air pollution are or were present. Tree cores were collected from trees growing 1 km from both the cement plant and the industrial area that are located 8 km from each other. The analysis of the trace elements was performed on annual tree rings from 1990 to 2016 using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Trace elements Cs, Mg, Mn, S and Zn reflected the emission history of the cement plant. Their values have increased since early 2000s, when the cement plant started its activity. However, the lack of significant trends of pollutants in the tree rings from the industrial area and the possible effect of translocation and volatility of some elements left open questions. The very weak changes of the other trace elements in the period 1990–2016 suggest those elem...
(Persistent) Organic pollutants in Germany: results from a pilot study within the 2015 moss survey
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2018
Background: Since 1990, every 5 years, moss sampling is conducted within the European moss monitoring programme to assess the atmospheric deposition of airborne pollutants. Besides many other countries, Germany takes regularly part at these evaluations. Within the European moss monitoring 2015, more than 400 moss samples across Germany were taken according to a harmonized methodology for the assessment heavy metal and nitrogen input. In a pilot programme, eight of these sites were chosen for additional investigations on a broad range of organic contaminants to evaluate their accumulation in moss and thereby their presence in atmospheric deposition in Germany. Target compound classes comprised polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and-furans (PCDD/F), dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB, ndl-PCB), polyfluorinated alkyl substances, classical flame retardants as well as emerging chlorinated and brominated flame retardants. In total, 120 target compounds were analysed. For some analytes, comparisons of accumulation in moss and tree leave samples were possible. Results: Except for certain flame retardants, PFAS, and ndl-PCB, substances of all other compound classes could be quantified in moss samples of all sites. Concentrations were highest for PAH (40-268 ng g −1) followed by emerging flame retardants (0.5-7.7 ng g −1), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE; 0.3-3.7 ng g −1), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD; 0.3-1.2 ng g −1), dl-PCB (0.04-0.4 ng g −1) and PCDD/F (0.008-0.06 ng g −1). Conclusions: Results show the widespread atmospheric distribution and deposition of organic contaminants across Germany as well as the suitability of moss as bioaccumulation monitor for most of these compound classes. Compared to nearby tree leaf samples, accumulation potential of moss appeared to be higher for pollutants of high octanol-air partition coefficient (K OA) and octanol-water partition coefficient (K OW).
1998
Pine needle (Pinus sylvestris) and lichen (Hypogymnia physodes) samples from various remote sites across Norway have been analyzed for a range of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Results have shown differences in accumulation between species, with higher concentrations being noted in the H. physodes than the P. sylvestris. This indicates that to use vegetation as a biomonitor, intraspecies and not interspecies comparisons in vegetation pollutant loading between sites are necessary. R/γ-HCH ratios were highest at colder northern sites, indicating increased distance from source areas and long-range atmospheric transport. Concentrations of PCBs 101, 118, 138, and 153 in H. physodes were found to be higher at lower temperatures. Trends between burdens of the other POPs in H. physodes or P. sylvestris and site temperature or latitude were not apparent. Plant/air partition coefficients indicate favored accumulation of PCBs in vegetation at lower temperatures and for higher chlorinated congeners.