Study of Cyanobacterial diversity in different ecological niches using molecular techniques (original) (raw)
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Environmental Engineering Research
The recent realization of immense biotechnological potential has made cyanobacteria the organisms of choice for research and development in the fields of biofertilizers, food and feed, energy production, fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals and bioremediation etc. This necessitates a study of cyanobacterial diversity for finding strains with different potentials and characteristics to suit their varied applications. Cyanobacterial population in 13 different sites within the state of Meghalaya was studied as a preliminary investigation of diversity in the state. Ninety seven samples were collected from different ecological niches which yielded 147 isolates out of which a total of 93 strains belonging to 11 genera were documented. These are Nostoc,
Genetic Diversity and Molecular Phylogeny of Cyanobacteria from Sri Lanka Based on 16S rRNA Gene
Environmental Engineering Research
The diversity of cyanobacteria in Sri Lanka was studied in different water reservoirs, paddy fields, brackish water and tsunami affected areas using light microcopy, 16S rRNA sequences, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Based on light microscopy, 24 genera were identified from environmental samples belonging to the orders Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales, Pleurocapsales and Nostocales. In cultures, 33 genera were identified from all five cyanobacterial orders, including Stigonematales. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and their morphology, two isolates were identified up to species level, 72 to genus level, one isolate up to family and 11 up to order level. Twelve isolates couldn't be assigned to any taxonomic level. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequences along with the phylogenetic analysis indicated that some cyanobacterial isolates could be accommodated to genus or order level. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis data in this study confirmed that order Nostocales and order Pleurocapsales cyanobacteria are monophyletic while orders Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales and Stigonematales cyanobacteria are polyphyletic. Polyphasic approach including the combination of light microscopy, cultures and the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences provide a promising approach to ascertain the diversity of cyanobacteria in different habitats.
2015
A biodiversity study was conducted in Mumbai, Thane and Raigad districts. Six cyanobacterial genera (Cyanobacterium, Phormidium, Plantothrix, Spirulina, Synechococcus and Synechocystis) were selected for taxonomic study using morphological characters and molecular taxonomic identification. It was observed that morphological characters need a supporting sequencing data for taxonomic study. Phycocyanin gene was selected so that any contamination other than cyanobacteria can be eliminated. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 6 software and observed that the genera Phormidium, Planktothrix and Spirulina are polyphyletic and need an reassessment in the class.
Genetic Diversity of Marine and Fresh Water Cyanobacteria from the Gujarat State of India
Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2014
Cyanobacteria from habitats within Gujarat have been poorly studied with regard to their diversity. In the present investigation eight morphologically distinct cyanobacterial isolates were obtained and characterized from the fresh water and marine habitats. Identification was performed based on morphological features and on 16S rDNA sequences analysis. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rDNA sequence of cyanobacterial isolates was prepared. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the eight morphologically distinct isolates into two distinct groups thus highlighting the importance of both morphological and genetic methods in studying cyanobacterial diversity.
Cyanobacterial diversity in some Districts of Maharashtra
Cyanobacterial diversity in Ahmednagar, Pune and Satara district of Maharashtra State, Western Ghats -one of the biodiversity hotspots of India -was assessed. Screening of 627 soil samples from different locations in the above regions revealed that 94 cyanobacterial spp. belonged to 38 genera, 14 families and 5 orders. Diversity analysis revealed that Westiellopsis prolifica Janet. was relatively abundant (47.21%) followed by Nostoc calcicola Brebsson ex Born. et Flah. (44.82%). The frequency distribution of Myxosarcina spectabilis Geitler was less. Nostoc (Nostocaceae), Chroococcus (Chroococcaceae) and Anabaena (Nostocaceae) were the most densely populated genera. The information obtained will be useful in exploitation of cyanobacteria for biotechnological, pharmaceutical and other applications.
European Journal of Phycology, 2015
Four strains of two species of Nostoc, N. commune (VB512188 and VB516200) and N. punctiforme (VB511286 and VB512190), isolated from the exterior of stone monuments and maintained in culture, showed very similar morphological features. Analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of these taxa with N. commune and N. punctiforme sequences from GenBank gave confusing results. Nostoc commune VB516200 and N. punctiforme VB511286 grouped together while the other two strains were placed in other clades. Phylogenetic analysis of an alignment including sequences of Nostoc and Desmonostoc species (N. commune, N. punctiforme and D. muscorum) from GenBank along with these four taxa, N. commune (VB512188 and VB516200) and N. punctiforme (VB511286) formed a distinct clade. However, the other strain of N. punctiforme (VB512190) clustered with sequences from Nostoc sp. from Spain and Australia and was quite distant from the other Indian samples. These results showed that identification of cyanobacterial species requires both morphological analysis in culture, and the use of molecular techniques.
A taxonomic investigation on cyanobacteria from Supaul district of north Bihar, India
Present study deals with morphotaxonomic study of 9 taxa belonging to the class Cyanophyceae (Bluegreen algae). These taxa were collected from different freshwater habitats of Supaul district of North Bihar. Of these, two taxa viz. Anabaena orientalis S.C. Dixit. and Phormidium rubroterricola Gardner are being recorded for the first time from Bihar.
Cyanobacterial Diversity in Western Ghats Region of Maharashtra, India
Cyanobacterial diversity in Ahmednagar, Pune and Satara district of Maharashtra State, Western Ghats – one of the biodiversity hotspots of India – was assessed. Screening of 627 soil samples from different locations in the above regions revealed that 94 cyanobacterial spp. belonged to 38 genera, 14 families and 5 orders. Diversity analysis revealed that Westiellopsis prolifica Janet. was relatively abundant (47.21%) followed by Nostoc calcicola Brebsson ex Born. et Flah. (44.82%). The frequency distribution of Myxosarcina spectabilis Geit-ler was less. Nostoc (Nostocaceae), Chroococcus (Chroococcaceae) and Anabaena (Nostocaceae) were the most densely populated genera. The information obtained will be useful in exploitation of cyanobacteria for biotechnological, pharmaceutical and other applications.
Significance of cyanobacterial diversity in different ecological conditions of Meghalaya, India
Journal of Applied and Natural Science
The present study deals with preliminary investigation of cyanobacterial diversity in Meghalaya. A total of 75 samples were collected from 10 different ecosystems and analyzed. 65 strains of cyanobacteria isolated under 11 genera include Nostoc, Anabaena, Calothrix, Cylindrospermum, Gleocapsa, Fischerella, Plectonema, Tolypothrix, Stigonema, Loriella and Westiellopsis. Nostoc was most abundant. Diversity analysis indicated maximum Shannon’s diversity index (H) in Mawlai. Highest Simpson’s diversity index was seen in Sung Valley (0.75). Both Shannon’s and Simpson’s diversity indices were lowest in Mairang. Richness was highest in Sung valley and Syntuksiar with both the sites supporting 17 strains each. Although, highest diversity was recorded from Mawlai, richness recorded at this site was only 11 strains thereby indicating richness need not be a function of diversity in this region. This study revealed the cyanobacterial strains, which can withstand acidic pH and prevail in the reg...