A New Protocol to Collect Adipose Tissue for Regenerative Purposes (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are widely described in the context of their regenerative and immunomodulatory activity. MSCs are isolated from various tissues and organs. The most frequently described sources are bone marrow and adipose tissue. As stem cells, MSCs are able to differentiate into other cell lineages, but they are usually reported with respect to their paracrine potential. In this review, we focus on MSCs derived from adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) and their secretome in regeneration processes. Special attention is given to the contribution of AT-MSCs and their derivatives to angiogenic processes described mainly in the context of angiogenic dysfunction. Finally, we present clinical trials registered to date that concern the application of AT-MSCs and their secretome in various medical conditions.
Prospect of Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine
2009
Adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) have similar properties to the previously characterized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). However, adipose tissue is easier to get in larger volumes, the procedure is less painful and at lower risks, and yield more stem cells compared to bone marrow. Moreover, considering the various differentiation and angiogenic potentials, the ease in collecting the samples, and the immuno-suppressive properties, adipose tissue stem cells are very promising for regenerative medicine, and therefore will be the preferred source of MSCs for future clinical use.
Potential Therapeutic Applications of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Stem Cells and Development, 2016
Stem cells are subdivided in two main categories: embryonic and adult stem cells. In principle, pluripotent embryonic stem cells might differentiate in any cell types of the organism, whereas the potential of adult stem cells would be more restricted. Although adult stem cells from bone marrow have been initially the most extensively studied, those derived from human adipose tissue have been lately more widely investigated, because of several advantages. Firstly, they can be easily obtained in large amounts from subcutaneous adipose tissue, with minimal pain and morbidity for the patients during harvesting. In addition, they feature low immunogenicity and can differentiate not only in cells of mesodermal lineage (adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes, muscle cells) but also in cells of other germ layers, such as neural, or epithelial cells. As their multilineage differentiation capabilities are increasingly highlighted, their possible use in cell-based regenerative medicine is now broadly explored. In fact, starting from in vitro observations, many studies have already entered the pre-clinic and clinic phases. In this review, because of our main scientific interest, adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and neurogenic differentiation abilities of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells, as well as their possible therapeutic applications, are chiefly focused. In addition, their ability to differentiate towards muscle, epithelial, pancreatic and hepatic cells is briefly reported.
2013
The emerging field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary science that is based on the combination of a reliable source of stem cells, biomaterial scaffolds, and cytokine growth factors. Adult mesenchymal stem cells are considered important cells for applications in this field, and adipose tissue has revealed to be an excellent source of them. Indeed, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be easily isolated from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue. During the isolation and propagation of murine ASCs, we observed the appearance of a spontaneously immortalized cell clone, named m17.ASC. This clone has been propagated for more than 180 passages and stably expresses a variety of stemness markers, such as Sca-1, c-kit/CD117, CD44, CD106, islet-1, nestin, and nucleostemin. Furthermore, these cells can be induced to differentiate toward osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and cardiogenic phenotypes. m17.ASC clone displays a normal karyoty...
Obtaining Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Adipose Tissue Of Murin Origin: Experimental Study
The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize rat Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AD-MSCs) in order to evaluate their proliferative potential and their ability to differentiate in different cell types. AD-MSCs and Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) have the same characteristics in terms of plasticity. The advantage of adipose tissue is that it is an easier accessible source and it offers a large amount of MSCs by less invasive surgical tecniques. MSCs were obtained from subcutaneous adipose tissue of Wistar rats. First of all microbiological controls were made to exclude the presence of bacteria or fungi in the tissue. Adipose tissue was mechanically and enzimatically fragmented and stomal cell fraction was seeded in adherent culture flasks in DMEM 20% FBS. After 48h the medium was replaced. Cells were characterized by evaluating: 1)their ability to adhere to the plastic; 2) the clonogenic potential by Colony Forming Unit (CFU) assay; 3) their ability to differentiate in 3 mesodermal lineages (adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes). AD-MSCs are able to differentiate in adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes as confirmed by Oil Red’O staining, von Kossa staining and histological analysis respectively. This first characterization is essential for the second part of our study in which we are planning to use AD-MSCs in vivo to restore renal function after an induced ischemic damage in experimental animals. Keywords: Adipose tissue, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Regenerative Medicine.
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Basic Research and Clinical Applications
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) have been extensively studied in recent years. Their attractiveness is due to the ease of obtaining clinical material (fat tissue, lipoaspirate) and the relatively large number of AD-MSCs present in adipose tissue. In addition, AD-MSCs possess a high regenerative potential and immunomodulatory activities. Therefore, AD-MSCs have great potential in stem cell-based therapies in wound healing as well as in orthopedic, cardiovascular, or autoimmune diseases. There are many ongoing clinical trials on AD-MSC and in many cases their effectiveness has been proven. In this article, we present current knowledge about AD-MSCs based on our experience and other authors. We also demonstrate the application of AD-MSCs in selected pre-clinical models and clinical studies. Adipose-derived stromal cells can also be the pillar of the next generation of stem cells that will be chemically or genetically modified. Despite much research on these cells, t...
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia, 2017
In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from rat adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) to characterize and differentiate them into endothelial-like cells. AD-MSCs were isolated by mechanical and enzymatic treatments, and their identity was verified by colony-forming units (CFU) test and by differentiation into cells of mesodermal lineages. The endothelial differentiation was induced by plating another aliquot of cells in EGM-2 medium, enriched with specific endothelial growth factors. Five subcultures were performed. The expression of stemness genes (OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG) was investigated. The presence of CD90 and the absence of the CD45 were evaluated by flow cytometry. The endothelial-like cells were characterized by the evaluation of morphological changes and gene expression analysis for endothelial markers (CD31, CD144, CD146). Characterization of AD-MSCs showed their ability to form clones, to differentiate in vitro and the OCT-4, SOX-2, NANOG genes expression. Immunophenotypic ...
Functional studies of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult human adipose tissue
Experimental Cell Research, 2005
Recent evidence suggests that cells with the properties of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can be derived from adult peripheral tissues, including adipose tissue, muscle and dermis. We isolated hMSCs from the stromal -vascular portion of subcutaneous adipose tissue from seven adult subjects. These cells could be readily differentiated into cells of the chondrocyte, osteocyte and adipocyte lineage demonstrating their multipotency. We studied the functional properties of hMSCs-derived adipocytes and compared them with adipocytes differentiated from hMSCs obtained from bone marrow (BM-hMSC). The two cell types displayed similar lipolytic capacity upon stimulation with catecholamines, including a pronounced antilipolytic effect mediated through a2A-adrenoceptors, a typical trait in human but not rodent fat cells. Furthermore, both cell types secreted the fat cell-specific factors leptin and adiponectin in comparable amounts per time unit. The fat tissue-derived hMSCs retained their differentiation capacity up to at least fifteen passages. We conclude that hMSCs derived from adult human adipose tissue can be differentiated into fully functional adipocytes with a similar, if not identical, phenotype as that observed in cells derived from BM-hMSCs. Human adipose-tissue-derived MSCs could therefore constitute an efficient and easily obtainable renewable cellular source for studies of adipocyte biology. D
Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Adipose tissue as a stem cell source is ubiquitously available and has several advantages compared to other sources. It is easily accessible in large quantities with minimal invasive harvesting procedure, and isolation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) yields a high amount of stem cells, which is essential for stem-cell-based therapies and tissue engineering. Several studies have provided evidence that ASCs in situ reside in a perivascular niche, whereas the exact localization of ASCs in native adipose tissue is still under debate. ASCs are isolated by their capacity to adhere to plastic. Nevertheless, recent isolation and culture techniques lack standardization. Cultured cells are characterized by their expression of characteristic markers and their capacity to differentiate into cells from meso-, ecto-, and entodermal lineages. ASCs possess a high plasticity and differentiate into various cell types, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, hepatocytes, neural cells, and endothelial and epithelial cells. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that ASCs are a heterogeneous mixture of cells containing subpopulations of stem and more committed progenitor cells. This paper summarizes and discusses the current knowledge of the tissue localization of ASCs in situ, their characterization and heterogeneity in vitro, and the lack of standardization in isolation and culture methods.