Evaluation of measured and predicted resilient modulus of rubberized Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) modified with truck tire rubber powder (original) (raw)
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Permanent Deformation of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) using Dynamic Modulus Simple Performance Test
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 2019
Premature pavement breakdown can be caused by permanent deformation that can contribute to lower riding comfort for road users and an increase in maintenance costs. Dynamic modulus Simple Performance Test (SPT) test are considered to be significant in describing the permanent deformation of hot mix asphalt. In this study, Marshall method of mix design were used in order to prepare four asphalt mixtures comprising different content of Nanopolyacrylate (NP) polymer (0%NP, 2%NP, 4%NP and 6%NP). This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of the NP modified mixture on the permanent deformation. The Performance Grade PG64-22 was obtained by mixing the conventional bitumen (PG64-22) with nanopolyacrylate. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) at different aging condition were conducted in order to characterise the bitumen performance. While, the Simple Performance Test (SPT) was used to characterize rutting and fatigue on Marshall HMA mixes. Results from the study presented that, NP modified b...
The introduction processes of CRM (dry process and wet process) may have effect on the high temperature dynamic modulus and rutting resistance, while no significant influence on the moisture susceptibility and fatigue life. The use of combination of SBS and CRM in the terminal SMA significantly improved the resistance to rutting and fatigue cracking. a b s t r a c t The study investigated the dynamic modulus, rutting resistance, moisture susceptibility and fatigue resistance of rubberized Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) through laboratory performance tests. Rubberized SMA mixes were produced by three processes: the dry process, the wet process and the terminal in the laboratory. For comparison purposes, SMA mixtures containing styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified binder and virgin asphalt of PG 67-22 were also evaluated and compared to rubberized SMA. Dynamic modulus and direct tension fatigue tests were performed using the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT) system. Rutting resistance and moisture susceptibility were analyzed by Hamburg wheel tracking test using asphalt pavement analyzer (APA). The results showed that: (1) the incorporation of CRM improved the high temperature dynamic modulus, the resistance to rutting and fatigue life of SMA mixes. (2) The introduction processes of CRM (dry process and wet process) may have effect on the high temperature dynamic modulus and rutting resistance, while no significant influence on the moisture susceptibility and fatigue life. (3) The use of combination of SBS and CRM in the terminal SMA significantly improved the resistance to rutting and fatigue cracking. (4) The rubberized SMA with 10% CRM had the lower performance properties than SBS SMA, regardless of the dry process or the wet process. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Asphalt Elasticity Modulus Comparison Using Modified Laboratory LWD Against UMMATA Method
Civil Engineering Journal
Highway consultants need pavement structure strength to examine and design. With advances in computer, sensor, and microelectronic technologies, the light weight deflectometer (LWD) can measure granular and asphalt layers. This portable, easy-to-use tool is suggested. This article was designed to improve LWD Pusjatan's accuracy and distinguish it from other testing methods. This study compares the LWD Pusjatan and UMMATA (Universal Material Testing Apparatus) methods for measuring modulus of elasticity on different materials. Boussinesq elastic theory is used to compute the modulus of most LWDs. In a semi-elastic environment, modulus is the connection between pressure and displacement in a rigid or flexible basis. The deflection value is derived from the process of vibrations caused by a load delivered from a given height onto a test item, with the wave/vibration collected by an acceleration measuring instrument, such as a geophone or accelerometer. The modulus of elasticity pro...
Today, rapid economic and industrial growth generates increasing amounts of waste materials such as waste tyre rubber. Attempts to inspire a green technology which is more environmentally friendly that can produce economic value are a major consideration in the utilization of waste materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of waste tyre rubber (crumb rubber modifier (CRM)), in stone mastic asphalt (SMA 20) performance. The virgin bitumen (80/100) penetration grade was used, modified with crumb rubber at four different modification levels, namely, 6%, 12%, 16%, and 20% by weight of the bitumen. The testing undertaken on the asphalt mix comprises the indirect tensile (dynamic stiffness), dynamic creep, and wheel tracking tests. By the experimentation, the appropriate amount of CRM was found to be 16% by weight of bitumen. The results show that the addition of CRM into the mixture has an obvious significant effect on the performance properties of SMA which could improve the mixture's resistance against permanent deformation. Further, higher correlation coefficient was obtained between the rut depth and permanent strain as compared to resilient modulus; thus dynamic creep test might be a more reliable test in evaluating the rut resistance of asphalt mixture.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2015
This paper presents the evaluation of permanent deformation of rubber-reinforced SMA asphalt mixtures by using dynamic creep test. The effect of trans-polyoctenamer as a cross-linking agent in permanent deformation of rubberized mixtures was also evaluated. Dynamic creep test was conducted at different stress levels (200 kPa, 400 kPa) and temperatures (40°C, 50°C). Permanent deformation parameters such as dynamic creep curve, ultimate strain, and creep strain slope (CSS) were used to analyse the results. Finally, the creep behaviour of the specimens was estimated by the Zhou three-stage creep model. The results show that crumb rubber and trans-polyoctenamer significantly affected the parameters especially at high stress and temperatures. Consistent findings were observed for all permanent deformation parameters. Moreover, based on Zhou model, it was concluded that resistance to permanent deformation was improved by application of crumb rubber and trans-polyoctenamer.
The study of stiffness modulus values for AC-WC pavement
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
One of the parameters of the asphalt mixture in order for the strength and durability to be achieved as required is the stress-and-strain showing the stiffness of a material. Stiffness modulus is a very necessary factor that will affect the performance of asphalt pavements. If the stiffness modulus value decreases there will be a cause of aging asphalt pavement crack easily when receiving a heavy load. The high stiffness modulus asphalt concrete causes more stiff and resistant to bending. The stiffness modulus value of an asphalt mixture material can be obtained from the theoretical (indirect methods) and laboratory test results (direct methods). For the indirect methods used Brown & Brunton method, and Shell Bitumen method; while for the direct methods used the UMATTA tool. This study aims to determine stiffness modulus values for AC-WC pavement. The tests were conducted in laboratory that used 3 methods, i.e. Brown & Brunton Method, Shell Bitumen Method and Marshall Test as a substitute tool for the UMATTA tool. Hotmix asphalt made from type AC-WC with pen 60/70 using a mixture of optimum bitumen content was 5.84% with a standard temperature variation was 60°C and several variations of temperature that were 30, 40, 50, 70 and 80 o C. The stiffness modulus value results obtained from Brown & Brunton Method, Shell Bitumen Method and Marshall Test which were 1374,93 Mpa, 235,45 Mpa dan 254,96 Mpa. The stiffness modulus value decreases with increasing temperature of the concrete asphalt. The stiffness modulus value from the Bitumen Shell method and the Marshall Test has a relatively similar value.The stiffness modulus value from the Brown & Brunton method is greater than the Bitumen Shell method and the Marshall Test, but can not measure the stiffness modulus value at temperature above 80C.
Materials & Design, 2015
Stiffness of asphalt mixture is a fundamental design parameter of flexible pavement. According to literature, stiffness value is very susceptible to environmental and loading conditions. In this paper, effects of applied stress and temperature on the stiffness modulus of unmodified and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) modified asphalt mixtures were evaluated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A quadratic model was successfully fitted to the experimental data. Based on the results achieved in this study, the temperature variation had the highest impact on the mixture's stiffness. Besides, PET content and amount of stress showed to have almost the same effect on the stiffness of mixtures. The optimal amount of PET was found to be 0.41% by weight of aggregate particles to reach the highest stiffness value.
Experimental Investigation of Strength and Stiffness Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)
Procedia Engineering, 2014
Rutting is a common phenomenon on pavements in Pakistan. Resilient modulus is one the important properties used in the mechanistic analysis of pavement response under dynamic traffic loads as well as used to study the rutting behavior of pavement. This research study investigates the effect of specimen diameter, bitumen grade and compactive effort on the resilient modulus (stiffness) and Indirect tensile strength (Strength) of asphalt concrete. The analysis of experimental results revealed that both the strength and stiffness values for Polymer Modified Bitumen grade were greater than that of unmodified penetration grade bitumen. Similarly, the resilient modulus and indirect tensile strength values of specimens prepared with 100 mm diameter and compacted with Marshall Hammer were more than that of specimens prepared with 150 mm diameter and compacted with gyratory compactor. This research will help the highway agencies in modifying their design methods for asphalt concrete pavements.
Applied Sciences
Aiming to study the rheo-mechanical effects of fine crumb rubber into gap graded stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures, a multi-scale experimental approach was adopted. Therefore, in the perspective of the reuse of end of life tires’ in asphalt layers, the adopted new dry-hybrid technology effects have been investigated from the mastic, mortar and mixture points of view. The new rubberized asphalt production technology allows the use of rubber powder as filler, the rubber amount optimization being validated through multi-scale performance tests. Mastics and mortars’ complex modulus measured with dynamic shear and torsional tests were related to the mixture stiffness modulus recorded in direct tension-compression mode. The rheological properties of mastic are strictly influenced by the rubber presence, and consequently the asphalt mixtures stiffness and thermo-sensitivity are connected to the mastic and mortar rheo-mechanical behavior. Results are consistent through the adopted approac...