Determination de la cellulose, des hémicelluloses, de la lignine et des cendres dans diverses cultures lignocellulosiques dédiées à la production de bioethanol de deuxième génération (original) (raw)
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Physical-chemical Characterization of Lignocellulosic Materials of Interest to Bioethanol Production
The knowledge of the chemical composition of biomass feedstocks is very important in order to decide what lignocellulosic material to be used in the industrial process and the associated pretreatment to bioethanol production. In this context, the present work applied an analytical methodology of chemical characterization, developed for sugarcane bagasse, to other biomasses, namely, sugarcane straw, bamboo, bean stalk, residue from the extraction of castor oil, sape grass, wheat straw, African palm rachis, elephant grass and Agave tequilana. Chemical composition (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) of the raw materials was determined by the acid hydrolysis (H2SO4 72%) of theses extractives-free materials. Carbohydrates, organic acids and degradation products were determined by HPLC. Lignin and phenolics were analyzed by gravimetry and spectroscopy procedures, respectively. Results showed that, among the materials studied, the sugarcane bagasse had the higher amount of cellulose (43.8%) and the sugarcane straw had the higher amount of hemicellulose (32.4%) justifying the interest of apply these biomasses as raw materials for the production of cellulosic ethanol. Other biomasses presented cellulose composition varying between 31.8 and 41.7 %, hemicellulose between 21.2 and 28.6 %, and lignin from 20.6 to 33.6 %. Extractives showed more abundant in sape grass (18.7 %) and were removed before the composition analysis to avoid interferences in lignin quantification.
Bioethanol production from residual lignocellulosic materials: A review-Part 2
Lignocellulosic material (LCM) can be employed as feedstock for biorefineries, a concept related to industries designed to process biomass for producing chemicals, fuels and/or electrical power. According to this philosophy, LCM can be fractionated and the resulting fractions employed for specific applications. Bioethanol production from cellulosic fraction of LCM involves: hydrolysis of polysaccharides and fermentation of the monomers into bioethanol. Enzymatic hydrolysis is catalyzed by cellulolytic enzymes and fermentation is carried out by bacteria, yeasts or fungi. The main objective of this article is to review different process integration technologies for bioethanol production from LCM. This paper include: separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) methods. Furthermore, the fermentation process and a comparative data of cellulases, hemicellulases and ethanol producing-microorganisms were presented.
BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM RESIDUAL LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS: A REVIEW – PART 1
Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati
Lignocellulosic material (LCM) can be employed as feedstock for biorefineries, a concept related to industries designed to process biomass for producing chemicals, fuels and/or electrical power. According to this philosophy, LCM can be fractionated and the resulting fractions employed for specific applications. Bioethanol production from cellulosic fraction of LCM involves: hydrolysis of polysaccharides and fermentation of the monomers into bioethanol. Enzymatic hydrolysis is catalyzed by cellulolytic enzymes and fermentation is carried out by bacteria, yeasts or fungi. The main objective of this article is to review different process integration technologies for bioethanol production from LCM. This paper include: separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) methods. Furthermore, the fermentation process and a comparative data of cellulases, hemicellulases and ethanol producing-microorganisms were presented.
Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment
Cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and ash contents in various lignocellulosic crops for second generation bioethanol production. Various green energy crops are available for the production of renewable energy vectors such as second generation bioethanol. The efficiency of the energy recovery potential of these lignocellulosic crops depends on the crop husbandry, their content of main components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, ash) and on the second generation bioethanol production process. The lignocellulosic crops investigated in this study are miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus J.M.Greef & Deuter ex Hodk. & Renvoize), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), fiber sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), fiber corn (Zea mays L.), "cocksfoot-alfalfa" mixture (Dactylis glomerata L. – Medicago sativa L.), comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.), jerusalem artichoke (aerial part) (Helianthus tuberosus L.) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). The sample...
2010
Freshwater algal biomass and orange and lemon peels were assessed as tissue paper pulp supplements. Cellulose and hemicellulose contents of algal biomass were 7.1% and 16.3%, respectively, whereas for citrus peels cellulose content ranged from 12.7% to 13.6% and hemicellulose from 5.3% to 6.1%. For all materials, lignin and ash content was 2% or lower, rendering them suitable for use as paper pulp supplements. The addition of algal biomass to paper pulp increased its mechanical strength significantly. However, brightness was adversely affected by chlorophyll. The addition of citrus peels in paper pulp had no effect on breaking length, increased bursting strength and decreased tearing resistance. Brightness was negatively affected at proportions of 10%, because citrus peel particles behave as coloured pigments. The cost of both materials is about 45% lower than that of conventional pulp, resulting in a 0.9-4.5% reduction in final paper price upon their addition to the pulp.
Production of Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Waste
Bioconversion offers a cheap and safe mode of not only disposing the agricultural residues, but also it has the potential to convert lignocellulosic wastes into usable forms such as reducing sugars that could be used for ethanol production. Bioethanol is one of the excellent alternative fuel and which can be produced from agricultural wastes that are available in large amount. Some plants wood contains rich cellulose material, which can be used as a raw material for the production of bioethanol. The present study reports the production of ethanol from softwood obtained from drum stick bark. The soft wood was powdered and pretreatment was done, and the cellulose material was hydrolysed by using enzymes and converted into glucose and then the glucose was further converted to bioethanol, by using Kluyveromyces Marxianus.
Characterization of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Five Simple Steps
Abstract: The pretreatment of the lignocellulosic biomass is the most important step in the biorefinery processes, because it has a high influence on the yield and efficiency of the subsequent treatments. In order to choose the most suitable pretreatment is necessary to characterize the cellulosic feedstock adequately. TAPPI and NREL methods have been used widely in recent years. The first one is useful to characterize the pulp and paper feedstock, and the second one is used in the biofuels production. However these methods are not fully accurate for determining lignocellulosic materials composition, such as corncob. Therefore in this work, we improved the characterization method modifying some steps. The stages of extraction and quantification of lignin and hemicellulose were enhanced by implementing separate procedures for each component. This methodology has been used successfully for different types of corncob, municipal solid waste and water hyacinth