Labia Majora Augmentation: A Systematic Review of the Literature (original) (raw)
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Use of dermal fat graft for augmentation of the labia majora
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 2012
Dermal fat grafts have been utilized in plastic surgery for both reconstructive and aesthetic purposes of the face, breast, and body. There are multiple reports in the literature on the male phallus augmentation with the use of dermal fat grafts. Few reports describe female genitalia aesthetic surgery, in particular rejuvenation of the labia majora. In this report we describe an indication and use of autologous dermal fat graft for labia majora augmentation in a patient with loss of tone and volume in the labia majora. We found that this procedure is an option for labia majora augmentation and provides a stable result in volume-restoration.
Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2015
Esthetic surgery of external female genitalia remains an uncommon procedure. This article describes a novel, de-epithelialized, labial rim flap technique for labia majora augmentation using de-epithelialized labia minora tissue otherwise to be excised as an adjunct to labia minora reduction. Ten patients were included in the study. The protruding segments of the labia minora were de-epithelialized with a fine scissors or scalpel instead of being excised, and a bulky section of subcutaneous tissue was obtained. Between the outer and inner surfaces of the labia minora, a flap with a subcutaneous pedicle was created in continuity with the de-epithelialized marginal tissue. A pocket was dissected in the labium majus, and the flap was transposed into the pocket to augment the labia majora. Mean patient age was 39.9 (±13.9) years, mean operation time was 60 min, and mean follow-up period was 14.5 (±3.4) months. There were no major complications (hematoma, wound dehiscence, infection) foll...
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020
BackgroundDespite increasing numbers of labiaplasties being performed, there is little quantitative information on normal labial diversity to guide medical education, patient education and surgical treatment.AimThis scoping review will determine what is known in the published literature about the anatomical basis of normal for labia and female genital cosmetic surgery (FCGS).Materials and methodsThe scoping review identified ten population‐based studies that recorded labial dimensions by searching three electronic databases utilising a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses search strategy. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and then reference lists were scrutinised until no further articles that met the criteria were located.ResultsThese studies showed significant variation in labial length (range 5–100 mm) and width (range 1–60 mm). Labia minora were wider in pre‐menopausal women than in post‐menopausal women, protruding labia minora w...
Star nymphoplasty: a surgical technique for labia minora hypertrophy
Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica (RBCP) – Brazilian Journal of Plastic Sugery, 2015
Introduction: In recent years, women have been frequently consulting the plastic surgeon concerning the shape and dimensions of the labia minora and other surrounding structures, not only for aesthetic but also functional reasons, e.g., dyspareunia. The authors present a technique for the aesthetic and functional treatment of the external female genitalia, the vulva, with the purpose of correcting hypertrophy of the labia minora (nymphs), without changing their form. Method: This technique consists in the incision in the shape of a star leading to a shortening of nymphs both anteroposteriorly and craniocaudally. This is a 15-year retrospective study, with clinical and surgical follow-up of 64 female patients with an age range between 14 and 58 years, all submitted to star nymphoplasty, the technique proposed in this study. Results: The results were obtained from the patients operated from January 1996 to December 2011, at the Hospital da Lagoa and at Interclínica-Centroplástica, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. A high rate of patient satisfaction with the size and aesthetic shape of the genitalia was achieved. There was a low rate of complications and remaining complaints. Conclusion: This surgical procedure is done with the objective of reshaping the tissue structure of the hypertrophic labia minora. From a technical point of view, it can be considered as a simple and effective functional and aesthetic treatment of the female genitalia.
Classification of labia minora hypertrophy: A retrospective study of 100 patient cases
JPRAS, 2017
The purpose of this study is to establish a new classification system for labial hypertrophy based on shape and clinical symptom-atology, rather than on measurement of the length in centimetres. The aim of this classification system is to be able to select surgical strategies based on the type of labial hypertrophy. From 2005 to 2014, we undertook a retrospective study analysing 100 patient files, chosen at random from our database of 400 patient cases and pre-operational photographs to reduce the labia minora, also known as labiaplasty. The author analysed data from each individual patient file concerning the shape of the labia minora, patients' symptomatology and the chosen operational technique. We found three types of labial hypertrophy, constituting a new system of classification: Type I: the anterior one third form, called "flag". 11 patient cases were observed (11%). Type II: the middle third form, called "oblique". 29 patient cases were observed (29%). Type III: the posterior third form, called "complete". 60 patient cases were observed (60%). In symptomatology terms, Type I was characterized by an undesirable aesthetic appearance and discomfort in the crotch area caused by wearing tight clothing, but not by dyspareunia. Type II showed an overall fuller appearance. Type III presented frequent dyspareunia more often than Type I and Type II. For Type I, the surgical technique selected was a superior pedicule flap, with only a moderate labial resection, which follows the edge
Anterior and Posterior Commissuroplasty: Taking Labiaplasty to the Next Level
Aesthetic Surgery Journal
As the popularity of female cosmetic genital surgery has grown, so has the number of publications detailing surgical techniques, particularly regarding labiaplasty. As a nascent surgical field, much room remains for finesse and exploration of new techniques to optimize outcomes and patient satisfaction. We present the techniques for anterior and posterior commissuroplasty which the senior author (O.J.P.) has developed. Anterior commissuroplasty is efficacious in addressing a number of anatomic variations to achieve the appearance of a single midline cleft which is commonly requested by patients. Posterior commissuroplasty was developed to address skin excess at the posterior fourchette that may develop as a result of labiaplasty. Either technique may be used in combination with labiaplasty or as a stand-alone procedure. These tools may be a useful addition to the repertoire of a surgeon practicing female genital surgery.
Posterior Wedge Resection: A More Aesthetic Labiaplasty
Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 2013
Hypertrophy of the labia minora is of concern to a subset of adolescents and adult women. As a result of greater public awareness about problems with hyperplastic labia minora, an increasing number of women are seeking treatment not only for aesthetic concerns but also for functional and/or psychological reasons. A multitude of reduction techniques have been developed to alleviate noticeable projection of the labia minora beyond the boundaries of the labia majora. Although practitioners from different specialties have performed labia minora reduction surgery, the plastic surgical and gynecological literature dominates its evolution. Unless other concomitant procedures are being performed, the majority of labiaplasties are performed in the office setting under local anesthesia. Most of these procedures are a variation of 1 of 4 techniques: (1) deepithelialization, (2) edge excision, (3) inferior wedge resection, or (4) central wedge nymphectomy. In fact, Ellsworth et al 1 devised an algorithmic approach to these labiaplasty methods. With all of these approaches, overall patient satisfaction remains high, but plastic surgeons are constantly exploring ways to improve and build upon prior techniques; the patient seeking plastic surgery also desires perfection in the result. In this study, we describe an anatomic approach to labiaplasty that we believe yields the optimal aesthetic outcome while maintaining the functional achievements of prior techniques. Methods For this study, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 22 patients who underwent posterior wedge resection
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2006
Background: Aesthetic surgery of female genitalia is an uncommon procedure, and of the techniques available, labia minora reduction can achieve excellent results. Recently, more conservative labia minora reduction techniques have been developed, because the simple isolated strategy of straight amputation does not ensure a favorable outcome. This study was designed to review a series of labia minora reductions using inferior wedge resection and superior pedicle flap reconstruction. Methods: Twenty-one patients underwent inferior wedge resection and superior pedicle flap reconstruction. The mean follow-up was 46 months. Aesthetic results and postoperative outcomes were collected retrospectively and evaluated. Results: Twenty patients (95.2 percent) underwent bilateral procedures, and 90.4 percent of patients had a congenital labia minora hypertrophy. Five complications occurred in 21 patients (23.8 percent). Wound-healing problems were observed more frequently. The cosmetic result was considered to be good or very good in 85.7 percent of patients, and 95.2 percent were very satisfied with the procedure. All complications except one were observed immediately after the procedure.