A Review on Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment (original) (raw)
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E3S Web of Conferences, 2022
History records that Aceh has been hit by earthquakes several times, including the largest recorded, on December 26, 2004 with a magnitude of 9.3 SR. In connection with the history of disasters that have occurred, there is a need for safety and disaster preparedness. It is very important to conduct a feasibility study of the existing public buildings used in disaster preparedness for vulnerability against earthquakes. The type of building damage caused can predicted by referring to the fragility curve. This research conducted on evaluating the seismic performance of existing buildings in Banda Aceh City by developing a fragility curve based on Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). The existing buildings that are the main focus of this study include the Tsunami Vertical Evacuation (TVE) of Lambung, TVE Alu Deah Teungoh, TVE TDMRC, SDN 48 Banda Aceh, SMPN 11 Banda Aceh, Baiturrahim Ulee Lheu Mosque, and the Subulussalam Punge Mosque. The IDA method is applied to predict and estimate the...
E3S Web of Conferences
Nearly all residential houses were damaged due to 6.5 Mw earthquake in Pidie Jaya, 2016. The state of damage can be slight, moderate, and even can be extensive which lead to the collapsing. The confined masonry structure, which commonly found in Aceh, especially for housing construction, were seemingly prone to the extensive earthquake excitation. In this paper, analytical-based fragility curves are employed to the typical house structure. To account various uncertainty, 32 ground motion records are considered in the analysis. Based on the results, the fragility curve could render different interpretation if different definition of damage intensities is used.
Fragility Analysis for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings: A Review
Fragility analysis is one of the trending probabilistic seismic performance methodologies. With the advancement in computational methodologies and large database of existing buildings, fragility analysis can be implemented for precise vulnerability assessment of buildings. The vulnerability curves can be categorized into three groups-empirical, analytical and hybrid. Empirical approach includes-Damage Probability Matrices and Vulnerability Functions, which depend on the damage-motion relationship statistics observed after an earthquake. Analytical curves adopt damage distributions simulated from the analyses of structural models. Hybrid curves overcome the deficiencies of the above two approaches by combining post-earthquake damage statistics with simulation techniques. This paper reviews the importance of fragility analysis using existing methodologies and focuses on their key features highlighting limitations. The paper suggests the way forward for selection of appropriate assessm...
Advances in Civil Engineering, 2018
As a function of fragility curves in earthquake engineering, the assessment of the probability of exceeding a specific damage state according to the magnitude of earthquake can be considered. Considering that the damage states for fragility curves are generally nested to each other, the possibility theory, a special form of the evidence theory for nested intervals, is applied to generate fragility information from seismic damage data. While the lognormal distributions are conventionally used to generate fragility curves due to their simplicity and applicability, the methodology to use the possibility theory does not require the assumption of distributions. Seismic damage data classified by four damage levels were used for a case study. The resulted possibility-based fragility information expressed by two monotone measures, “possibility” and “certainty,” are compared with the conventional fragility curves based on probability. The results showed that the conventional fragility curves...
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI IM BASED FRAGILITY FUNCTIONS FOR EARTHQUAKE LOSS ESTIMATION
Fragility functions are a fundamental component in the process of seismic loss estimation, describing the probability of exceeding a number of damage states as a function of a ground motion parameter (IM). In this context, recent efforts have been made in the development of alternative IMs, with the aim of including a wider range of ground motion characterizing information in the definition of intensity. However, the consideration of multiple IMs in the analytical derivation of fragility curves has been subject of limited investigation. This study presents an innovative approach for the development of analytical fragility curves, which relies on a weighted function of a number of intensity measures, along the spectrum of building response. Thousands of nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed in a 2D environment, in which hundreds of reinforced concrete frames are simulated using a Monte Carlo approach, according to geometrical and material variability of typical pre-code reinforced concrete buildings of Portugal. Seismic action variability is foreseen through the selection and scaling of appropriate sets of natural records, following the most recent proposals for linking nonlinear dynamic analysis back to probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA). As opposite to the generally accepted lognormal scalar-based representation of fragility, a proposal for multiple IM based functions is presented. The prediction of structural damage throughout the considered seismic intensity range is thus affected by a weighted function of a set of intensity parameters that characterize the structure-specific dependence on different ground motion characteristics.
Seismic vulnerability analysis
Masonry construction practice has born approximately 10,000 years ago and is the oldest building technique known to man. With time construction practice has been advanced. However, there are still many traditional brick masonry buildings which were constructed locally with mud mortar and burnt clay bricks. Though these buildings have survived for centuries, they lack seismic resistant measures to fight the future severe earthquake hazards. Historical and monumental importance and safety of lives dwelling in those buildings motivates the research study in this field with the aim of their sustainability.
Engineering Structures, 2013
This paper presents a new procedure to derive fragility functions for populations of buildings that relies on the displacement-based earthquake loss assessment (DBELA) methodology. The recent developments in this methodology are also presented herein, such as the development of new formulae for the calculation of the yield period or the consideration of infilled frame structures. In the fragility method proposed herein, thousands of synthetic buildings have been produced considering probabilistic distributions describing the variability in their geometrical and material properties. Then, their nonlinear capacity has been estimated using the DBELA method and their performance against a large set of ground motion records has been calculated. Global limit states are used to estimate the distribution of buildings in each damage state for different levels of ground motion, and a regression algorithm is applied to derive fragility functions for each limit state. The proposed methodology is demonstrated for the case of ductile and non-ductile Turkish reinforced concrete buildings with and without masonry infill walls, and compared with results obtained using nonlinear dynamic procedures and with the results from previous studies.
Short Review on Incremental Dynamic Analysis and Fragility Assessment
Crimson Publishers, 2019
One of the modern earthquake-resistant seismic design approaches is the performance-based earthquake engineering approach, such as the method of fragility assessment. There are several methods of the development of the fragility curves. This paper provides a short review of the development of fragility curves on the basis of incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and highlights the main approaches for the selection of ground motions, the importance of the IDA and the performance levels.
2014
Empirical fragility functions are derived by statistical processing of the data on: i) Damaged and undamaged buildings, and ii) Ground motion intensity values at the buildings’ locations. This study investigates effects of different ground motion inputs on the derived fragility functions. The previously constructed fragility curves (Hancilar et al., 2013), which rely on specific shaking intensity maps published by the USGS after the 2010 Haiti Earthquake, are compared with the fragility functions computed in the present study. Building data come from field surveys of 6,347 buildings that are classified with respect to structural material type and number of stories. For damage assessment, the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) damage grades are adopted. The simplest way to account for the variability in ground motion input could have been achieved by employing different ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) and their standard variations. However, in this work, we prefer to rel...
Direct derivation of fragility curves from Italian post-earthquake survey data
2008
A very complete and homogeneous database of post-earthquake building inspections, carried out after the main Italian events of the last 30 years, has been processed to derive fragility curves for 23 building typologies. The records (more than 91000) have been converted into a single damage scale with 5 levels of damage, plus the case of no damage. For each affected municipality a value of PGA and Housner Intensity (IH) has been evaluated using attenuation laws. Experimental data have been converted in damage probability matrices and then fitted through lognormal fragility curves, with an advanced nonlinear regression algorithm. The relative reliability of each point has been taken into account by applying the bootstrap technique. The significant concentration of experimental data at low levels of ground motion and the selected analytical expression determine the peculiar shape of some of the curves, with a very steep initial branch followed by an almost horizontal curve for increasing values of ground motion. Explanations and possible solutions are discussed.