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General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? 14. Conclusion Annex 1 376 Annex 2 Annex 3 Litterature 383 Websites and other media 391 Sources ! XV West of Copenhagen the suburban layers of urbanization built over over the past century illustrate the changing planning ideals of architects alongside the constantly realized garden-houses built by citizens. At the front allotment-gardens. In the middle to the right a park-scape of brick-built social-housing blocks from early 1950´s. To the left Corbusier-inspired concrete highrise from the late 1950´s and above the seemingly endless single-family-house areas in Hvidovre subdivided since 1909. The centre of Copenhagen hides at the very top. About 1960. Forstadsmuseet B118 ! XVI One example is the 'Radio Rows' at Islands Brygge in Copenhagen, which the developers may 5 call "townhouses", comparing them to Kartoffelraekkerne and Brumleby. But very characteristically, both reference projects were meant at the time of construction as suburban projects in reaction to the irregular and densely built city of the time! With a sales text like: "The Radio Rows give young families the opportunity to buy a modern, functional and sustainable row house 1.5 km from City Hall Square", the project developers give a clear picture of the physical reference-the row house in a suburb-but adapted to a current requirement for reference to the centre, not the periphery. Radioraekkerne-et projekt, der får By-og Familieliv til at spille sammen. Tetris A/S, folder, n.d. See appendix 1. Monopoly appeared for the first time in 1933 and had the American tourist and gaming city 6 Atlantic City as its framework. Under the name 'Matador' it hit Denmark in 1936 and ranked addresses in Copenhagen and environs. ! 3 began the article with a quotation from Martin Andersen Nexø's Pelle the Conqueror, in which, as in a dream, he heralded the relocation of the workers the city to the countryside. 7 10 subsequent 'cultural-heritage municipality' experiments for which the Cultural Heritage Agency took the initiative in 2005 in collaboration with Realdania came closer to the object when Hvidovre Municipality became one of the first four municipalities to be singled out for a project that concentrated on the suburb's functionally separated districts and neighbourhoods. Later Realdania has funded a 11 major mapping project with a view to typologizing the constructional and settlement structures that characterized and organized Danish suburbs in the period between 1945
2015
Located in northern Eu rope, Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries and consists of the Jutland peninsula and an archipelago of several hundred islands situated in the Baltic Sea (figure 9.1). Excluding the overseas, self-governing territories of Greenland and the Faroe Islands, Denmark proper covers an area of approximately 42,916 square kilometers, roughly the same as the sum of the areas of Mary land, Delaware, and Rhode Island in the United States. A total of 66 percent of the land is used for farming and agriculture, while forests and heathland cover 16 percent. Urban zones and transport infrastructure make up about 10 percent of the country's area, and the remaining 7 percent consists of bodies of water, such as lakes, marshes, and wetlands (Statistics Denmark 2014a). As of 2014, Denmark's population was about 5.63 million, with a density of 130.5 inhabitants per square kilometer. The population is predominantly urban. Approximately one-third of the population lives in the Greater Copenhagen Region (1.75 million), while an additional one-fifth resides in the country's next three largest urban areas: Århus (324,000), The authors would like to thank Niels Østergård, former director general at the Agency for Spatial and Environmental Planning in the Danish Ministry of the Environment, for providing critical feedback on an earlier version of this chapter.