Chemical and Biological Aspects of Extracts from Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Effects (original) (raw)
Related papers
2018
Diabetes is both an endocrine and a metabolic disease affecting large numbers of individuals worldwide. The use of natural products such as herbs in the management of diseases dates back to the prehistoric era. Herbal therapy presents a less adverse side effect when compared with the synthetic orthodox counterpart. The phytochemical components of medicinal plants have been credited for the efficacy of herbal formulations. The aim of this study is to review some common anti-diabetic plants which have been tested experimentally using recent diabetes marker parameters and to highlight the bioactive anti-diabetic principles isolated from their phytochemicals. In addition, anti-diabetic compounds isolated in the process of research in our laboratory have been cited in the review. Such keywords like anti-diabetic medicinal plants, mechanism of actions, phytochemicals, alloxan, streptozotocin, glycosylated haemoglobin, were used on different search engines to generate secondary data used i...
Antidiabetic Evaluations of some Traditional Plants in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice Model
IOSR Journals , 2019
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as a group of metabolic diseases manifested by hyperglycemia which results from defects in insulin production and/or insulin action. The present study was conducted to demonstrate the diabetogenic effect of Alloxan in Mice. Synthetic drug treatment for diabetes mellitus carries risks that lead to many adverse effects such as weight loss, hypoglycemia and many others. Asian countries including Bangladesh, India are rich in natural resources and medicinal plants useful in the treatment of diabetes. To investigate the anti-diabetic or anti-hyperglycemic effect of the Bitter melon, Chirata and Cinnamon extract on Alloxan induced diabetes in experimental mice. The extract of bitter melon, chirata and cinnamon were tested for its efficacy in Alloxan at a dose 120mg/kg of body weight induced diabetic mice.This study was conducted to compare the anti-diabetic effect of Bitter melon, Chirata and Cinnamon extracts on body weight, blood glucose, HbA1c and insulin level in Alloxan induced diabetic mice.Eighteen male swiss albino mice were kept in six different groups and each group have three male swiss albino mice for 21 days. Group T0 served as negative control; Group T1 Alloxan induced 120 mg/kg of body weight served as positive control; Group T2 were Alloxan induced 120mg/kg and mice treated with 5g/kg Metformin drug; Group T3 were Alloxan induced 120mg/kg and mice treated with 300mg/kg of Chirata extract; Group T4 were Alloxan induced 120mg/kg and mice treated with 300mg/kg Bitter melon extract and Group T5 were Alloxan induced 120mg/kg and mice treated with 300mg/kg Cinnamon extract. The effects of extracts on blood glucose, HbA1c and Insulin level were tested by bio-chemestry analyzer. Results were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA at a 1% level of significance.The blood glucose level was significantly (< 0.01) reduced at 300 mg/kg body weight of Bitter melon extract as compared to the diabetic group. The HbA1c level was greatly (< 0.01) reduced at 300 mg/kg body weight of Chirata extract as compared to the diabetic group. The insulin level was significantly (< 0.01) increased at 300 mg/kg body weight of Cinnamon extract as compared to the diabetic group.Reduction in the blood glucose level by Bitter melon extract, also reduction in the HbA1c level by Chirata extract and greatly increased in insulin level by Cinnamon extract indicates that these have anti-diabetic effect in Alloxan induced diabetic mice.
ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF HERBAL EXTRACTS STUDIED IN (STZ) STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RAT
Synthetic drugs are commonly used in the present day with the advancement in chemical technology awareness about its side effects is slowly triggering the use of non-synthetic curatives. The curative properties of these drugs are due to the complex chemical substances present as secondary plant metabolites in one or more parts of these plants. Diabetes Mellitus is a clinical condition characterized by increased blood glucose level due to the insufficient or inefficient insulin. Streptozotocin is to induce hyperglycemic condition. Gymnema sylvestre, Eugenia jambolana, Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and Bittergourd (Momordica charantia) are a popular remedy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In this study, oral administration of Gymnema sylvestre, Eugenia jambolana, Ocimum sanctum and Momordica charantia showed the hypoglycemic activity and it could exert a beneficial action against biochemical and histopathological alterations caused by streptozotocin. In the present study the antioxidative potential of Gymnema sylvestre, Eugenia jambolana, Ocimum sanctum and Momordica charantia was assessed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Lipid peroxide levels were also measured in normal, diabetic and treated animals. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher and antioxidant activity was found low in diabetic groups as compared to the control groups, and significant alteration in both the MDA levels and antioxidant activity was also observed when the above herbal hypoglycemic agents were given to diabetic rats. On the basis of our results we conclude that Gymnema sylvestre, Eugenia jambolana, Ocimum sanctum and Momordica charantia are not only useful in controlling the lipid peroxide levels but are also helpful in further strengthening the antioxidant potential.The probable mechanism by which Gymnema sylvestre, Eugenia jambolana, Ocimum sanctum and Momordica charantia exerts its protective action against streptozotocininduced pancreatic metabolic alterations could be by the stimulation of pancreatic regeneration through an improved synthesis of protein or accelerated detoxification and exertion. Furthermore, comprehensive chemical and pharmacological research is required to reveal the mechanism of the anti-diabetic potential of Gymnema sylvestre, Eugenia jambolana, Ocimum sanctum and Momordica charantia.
Ethanolic extracts of Canarium schweinfurthii stem bark and Senna alata leaf, and aqueous extract of unripe Carica papaya fruit, at two different doses (150, 400 mg/kg), were evaluated for antihyperglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects on alloxan-induced diabetic rats following daily oral administration for 28 days. While antihyperglycaemic effect was lacking in Senna alata, it was persistent (P<0.05) in Canarium schweinfurthii and Carica papaya. The activity was comparable to that of chlorpropamide at 100 mg/kg. All three extracts significantly (P<0.05) attenuated all lipid parameters, except HDL-cholesterol which increased significantly in rats treated with Senna alata and Carica papaya extracts without any appreciable weight gain. Hypolipidemic effect is reported for the first time for Canarium schweinfurthii stem bark. Signs of toxicity included renotoxicity by Canarium schweinfurthii and Carica papaya extracts which was typified by marked vascular congestion with extensive areas of intraparenchyma and glomerular haemorrhage. Further congestion of lungs with extensive harmorrhage in Carica papayatreated rats and intraparenchyma haemorrhage of the heart of Senna alata-treated animals were also evident. This study though supports folkloric usage of the three plants in the traditional management of diabetes and related conditions may not be safe for long term usage until evaluated for further toxicity studies.
2019
Antidiabetic potency of locally produced antidiabetic herbal preparations (ADHPs) are unknown. In this study, a pharmacological screening of antihyperglycemic potency of locally available six ADHPs were evaluated on streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic rat models. ADHPs were administered to the diabetic rat and blood glucose levels were monitored before (0 day) and after administration of ADHPs (at 14th day and 28th day) by measuring serum glucose concentration using oxidase method. Serum glucose levels in different groups of ADHP treated rats were compared against baseline glucose levels and water control and reference drug by t test. Serum glucose levels were found to be similar at baseline in all groups against water control and reference drug. The administration of herbal preparations except ADHP-3 and ADHP-5 resulted in a non-significant reduction of blood glucose level of the diabetic rats when compared with diabetic rats that received no treatment at 14th day or compa...
Medications of diabetes mellitus and antidiabetic medicinal plants: A review
International journal of indigenous herbs and drugs, 2016
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by resistance to the action of insulin, insufficient insulin secretion or both. It is becoming one of the most common diseases of the world. Type II diabetes in young has increased 30 fold over the last 20 years concomitant with an increase in obesity. In diabetes mellitus, besides hyperglycemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in the world and is mainly due to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). The treatment for diabetes mellitus would be a drug that not only controls the glycemic level but also prevents the development of atherosclerosis and other complications of diabetics. New drugs and new drug delivery systems for insulin have also been introduced. The Indian indigenous drugs have great importance both from the professional and economic point of view. A large number of plants have been reported to possess antidiabetic activity e.g., Aconitum napeilus, Aloe vera, Carum carvi, Cichorium intybus, Allium cepa, Aralia cachemirica, Allium sativum, Momordia charantia, etc. Different model systems like alloxan, streptozotocins etc. are available to screen the anti-diabetic activity. Therefore, this review summarizes the current different antidiabetic drugs and also provides an overview of several medicinal plants used traditionally in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine, 2016
Plants are considered to be medicinal if they possess pharmacological activities of possible therapeutic use. A narrative perspective of medicinal evidences on the biochemical effectiveness of plant extracts used in the treatment of diabetes in rats was reviewed. The review was designed to highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological potentials of some Nigeria plants used in experimental diabetes. The literature survey reveals the therapeutic efficiency of crude aqueous extracts of many plant species used either independently or in combination with some standard drugs for the treatment of diabetes with rats. Identified literature show a considerable degree of overlap and consistency in methods and results of findings. Some plant extracts were reported to be more effective in combination with other plant extracts and also a few were more effective than many standard drugs. There is a good number of quality research regarding plant extracts for the treatment and management of diabetes in rats. These plants identified as having anti diabetic potentials may be remedy for the treatment and management of diabetes in human. Research should explode more about these valuable plants to ascertain the dosage that may be required for man and if possible develop novel drug molecules for the future.
Medicinal Plants: A Methodology for Studying their Anti-Diabetic Activity
TJPRC, 2013
This work is a review on the study methods of the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants. Indeed, this discipline is not standardized and techniques used to assess this activity are very varied. The choices of the plant and the extract to be tested are major parameters before going to the model of diabetes. The latter is induced into animals by various techniques including the injection of chemicals such as streptozotocin which damages the pancreatic β cells. Hence, diabetes develops spontaneously in certain animal species. Works realized on animals (preclinical) would permit to research on human being (clinical).
Journal of …, 2003
An investigation was made of the effect of Momordica charantia fruit juice on the distribution and number of , β and δ cells in the pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ)induced diabetic rats using immunohistochemical methods. The results indicated that there was a significant (Student's t-test, P<0.004) increase in the number of β cells in M. charantia-treated animals when compared with untreated diabetics, however, their number was still significantly less than that obtained for normal rats. There was also a significant (P<0.006) increase in the number of δ cells in STZ-diabetic rats compared to non-diabetic rats. This increase in the number of δ cells was not affected by M. charantia treatment. The number of cells did not change significantly in M. charantia-treated rats when compared with untreated diabetic rats. Our results suggest that oral feeding of M. charantia fruit juice may have a role in the renewal of β cells in STZ-diabetic rats or alternately may permit the recovery of partially destroyed β cells.
Many medicinal trees and plant extracts of bark, leaf and seeds are in use as antibacterial, hepatoprotective, haemostatic, astringent, anti-diarroheal and anti-inflammatory. Thespesia Populnea is known as Indian tulip tree and belongs to Malvaceae family of plant kingdom. It is distributed in coastal forest and tropical regions in India. On the other hand Helianthus annuus L., commonly known as sunflower, seeds are utilized for antidiabetic effect in Indian system of medicine. In the present review paper, both the plant extracts are compared and their uses were summarized. The ethanolic extract of the plant bark, leaf and ethanolic extract of sunflower seeds evaluation studies for their effect against the streptozotocin (STZ)–induced diabetic rats are discussed.