Natural regeneration of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands on northern Velebit (original) (raw)
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Forest Ecology and Management, 1997
In the absence of reliable and representative data on the frequency of seed years, seed amounts, germination and survival of seeds, the data of the observation period 1992-1996 of the permanent national forest inventory of Austria are used to develop a model describing the probability for the occurrence, density and height of Norway spruce (Picea a&es (L.) Karst) natural regeneration in the forests of Austria. The forest inventory provided data on natural regeneration (saplings between 10 and 130 cm height) on clusters within a 3.89 km square sampling grid. A logistic equation is used to predict the probability for natural regeneration occurrence. Input parameters for this equation are the variables that describe the site, with slope and azimuth as continuous variables, and growth districts and vegetation types as discrete variables; the crown competition factor describes density and the quadratic mean diameter describes the stage of development of the stand. The same equation type is used to predict the probability for the occurrence of Norway spruce, conditional on the occurrence of some regeneration. An additional variable in this species specific model is a dummy variable which is set to 1 if Norway spruce occurs in the overstory and otherwise zero. Additional site variables entering this model are elevation and vegetation types characterizing soil fertility and moisture. Because the density and height of spruce regeneration depends on the stand's susceptibility to browsing, the probability for browsing is also modelled as a logistic equation depending on elevation, vegetation type, and stand density. Finally the probability distribution for height and density of the regeneration is described by two bivariate Weibull-distributions, each one describing browsed and unbrowsed Norway spruce regeneration respectively. 0 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
K e y w o r d s : Norway spruce, natural regeneration, irradiation, forest soil, ground vegetation, mycorrhiza, forest gaps. S u m m a r y DIACI J., KUTNAR L., RUPEL M., SMOLEJ I., URBANCIC M. & KRAIGHER H. 2000. Interactions of ecological factors and natural regeneration in an altimontane Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand. -Phyton (Horn, Austria) 40 (4): (17) -(26).
Natural regeneration in narrow strip clear-cuts of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) stands
Baltic Forestry
The rate of natural regeneration of Norway spruce and birch in narrow strip clear-cuts in Norway spruce stands between 25 to 30 years of age in South Sweden, and the relationships between rate of regeneration and environmental conditions have been studied in order to find the best methods of natural regeneration. First year regeneration was evaluated by counting seedlings within circle sample plots located on scarified belts within strip clear-cuts. About 14.5 % of total variation in the rate of spruce regeneration and 12.7 % in the rate of birch regeneration were due to peculiarities of stands and strip clear-cuts. The rest of variation was due to within strip clear-cut variation of micro-site ecological conditions. In separate stands the correlation between the regeneration rate and some ecological factors studied varied due to differences between these stands. There was found very weak negative correlation between the regeneration of spruce and the width of strip. The correlation...
2017
The paper investigates the biometric characteristics natural Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) regeneration in the Kaszuby Lake District, which is beyond the acknowledged Norway spruce range, with the natural regeneration in the Augustów Forest situated deep within the natural range, Warmia, at the edge of the natural range and in the West-Pomerania Lake District far beyond the natural range. For each region, four tree stands with similar light conditions on the forest floor were selected, including two cambisols and two brunic arenosols. All sites contained naturally regenerating spruces 16–17 years of age. The features of the forest stand and the biometric features of the saplings were determined for the selected stands on circular research plots. Altogether, the characteristicts of 400 saplings (100 in each region) were measured and analyzed using basic descriptive statistics. ANOVA with the Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed to compare the features of forest st...
Forest Research Papers, 2015
The Kaszuby Lake District is located beyond the natural range of Norway spruce, however its share in local forest stands is considerable (14.8%) and its vitality and growth are here not less than within the natural range. The study presents the results of stock-taking of natural regeneration of Norway spruce in this region in year 2002 and 2012 and the relevant silvicultural recommendations. The stock of spruce natural regeneration was taken using the electronic database of the Regional Headquarters of State Forests in Gdańsk. The regeneration was put into following categories: seedlings (height below 0.5 m), lower advanced growth (height above 0.5 m and DBH below 7 cm), higher advanced growth (height above 3 m and DBH above 7 cm) and undergrowth (with dominating self sown spruce). In total 20 834 ha of Norway spruce natural regenerations were listed in year 2002 and 26 016 ha in year 2012 (increase by 24.9%). Most of them occur in fresh sites suited for mixed deciduous forests (LMś...
Silva Fennica, 2004
The dynamics of spruce regeneration, from seed crop to saplings, was studied based on five permanent plots in uneven-aged, spruce-dominated, boreal forest stands, cut with single-tree selection in the beginning of the 1990âs. The annual fluctuation of the spruce seed crop was very similar in uneven-aged and even-aged stands. The correlation between seed crop and number of germinants was significant; but stem number, basal area or volume of the stand did not influence on seedling emergence. The effects of good seed crops were seen as peaks or an increase in the number of germinants and smallest seedlings. The mean number of âstabilisedâ spruce seedlings (height 11 cm to 130 cm) varied from 6000 ha to over 25 000 spruce seedlings ha from one monitoring plot to another. On a monitoring plot the number of âstabilisedâ spruce seedlings was stable over time. Neither stand basal area nor stand volume influenced the number of âstabilisedâ spruce seedlings, but the height of th...
Advance Regeneration of Norway Spruce and Scots Pine in Hemiboreal Forests in Latvia
Forests
Continuous cover forestry (CCF) aims to emulate small natural disturbances and take advantage of natural regeneration. To implement these management practices successfully, knowledge of advance regeneration under the canopy in different conditions is crucial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of stand inventory parameters of canopy layer (age, basal area, height, and density) on the probability and density of advance regeneration of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in hemiboreal forests in Latvia. The data were obtained from the National Forest Inventory, from a total of 879 plots. In the study, only Norway spruce or Scots pine dominated stands were used and the sampled stand age ranged from 21 to 218 years. The probability of advance regeneration differed between stands dominated by Scots pine versus Norway spruce. The probability and density of the advance regeneration of Norway spruce were positively li...
Annals of Forest Science
& Key message Natural regeneration of P. abies (L.) H. Karst. may reach high densities in lower mountain elevations. The highest densities were found in sites with moderate light availability, with low pH, and not near the riverbank. However, age-height classes differed in the predicted magnitude of response, but were consistent in response directions. Mosses and understory species typical of coniferous forests were positively correlated with regeneration density. & Context Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in Central Europe is at risk under climate change scenarios, particularly in mountain regions. Little is known about the impact of environmental factors on the natural regeneration of P. abies in lowelevation mountain forests. & Aims We aimed to assess impacts of distance from the riverbank, soil pH, and light availability on natural P. abies regeneration. We hypothesized that (1) natural P. abies regeneration would depend on light availability and soil pH and (2) there are understory plant species which may indicate the microsites suitable for natural regeneration of P. abies. & Methods The study was conducted in the Stołowe Mountains National Park (SW Poland, 600-800 m a.s.l.). We established 160 study plots (25 m 2) for natural regeneration, light availability, soil pH, and understory vegetation assessment.
Forest Ecology and Management, 2007
ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to model the regeneration establishment, and the survival and development of established seedlings in uneven-aged, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) forest stands in southern Finland. Models were based on a 5-year monitoring period of permanent sample plots established in forest stands managed by selective harvests. Separate models were obtained for spruce, birch (Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) and aspen (Populus tremula L.), all of which were well represented in the data. Since the stand structure of uneven-aged forests is irregular, spatial variation in competition factors and species composition were considered in the modelling. Due to the spatially hierarchical correlation structures of the data, a mixed modelling technique was applied in the estimation of the model parameters. Establishment models were developed for the number and initial height of established seedlings that had attained the set threshold height limit of 10cm during a 5-year period and thereafter survived until the end of the period. Prediction models were also developed for the survival, height increment and diameter at breast height of juvenile trees that were at least 10cm tall at the beginning of the 5-year period. The latter model is needed only when juvenile tree models are replaced with models for advanced trees. Simulations conducted for demonstration and validation purposes revealed that the regeneration establishment and juvenile growth models can be applied to construct a simulation system for the optimisation of uneven-aged spruce stands in southern Finland.
Two permanent sample plots (both 0.25 ha) were established in a mixed forest in the Orlické hory Mts. Protected Landscape Area (northeastern Bohemia) to analyze the natural regeneration of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). All the seedlings (height 0.1-0.5 m), saplings (height 0.5 m, d 1.3 3 cm) and trees (d 1.3 > 3 cm) were localized and measured. The analysis of the spatial pattern and statistical evaluation were carried out by means of Ripley's K-function. All the growth stages of the spruce and the fir showed an aggregated (clump) pattern, whereas the regeneration of fir was positively correlated with mature spruces and the regeneration of spruce was in a positive relation with mature firs. The results indicate that for germination and stable growth in the first stages of development, the fir can find more favourable conditions under the crowns of spruce trees and the spruce under mature firs.