Major Causes of Liver Condemnation and Associated Direct Financial Losses in Bovine Saughtered at Assela Municipal Abattoir Arsi, South Eastern Ethiopia (original) (raw)
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Global Veterinaria 23 (1): 11-19, , 2021
To identify the major causes of organs condemnation and estimate the direct financial loss attributed to the condemned organs in cattle slaughtered at Bishoftu municipal abattoir the current cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to March 2020. Standard antemortem and postmortem inspection procedures were followed throughout the study. The estimation of financial losses is based on the annual slaughter capacity of the abattoir and considering the market average price of each organ. Using 50% expected prevalence, 95% confidence interval and 5% desired absolute precision the sample size was determined to be 384 and maximized to be 545 cattle to increase precision. SPSS version 20 was used for chi-square test and P-values < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. The study revealed that from 545 slaughtered animals, 72(13.21 %) was found to have signs of detectable abnormalities in the antemortem inspection. Postmortem examination revealed that 225(46.80%) of livers, 220(40.46%) of lungs, 16(3.93%) of hearts and 45(8.26%) of kidneys were totally condemned or rejected due to gross abnormalities as unfit for human consumption. The major causes responsible for organ rejection included Fasciolosis 97 (17.08%), hydatidosis 79(14.49%) and calcification 50(9.17%). There was statically insignificant difference observed between the two age categories of cattle for all causes of liver (P> 0.05), Kidney (P> 0.05) and heart (P>0.05) condemnation. The average annual economic losses was calculated and found 464, 201.588 ETB. Therefore, to alleviate these, further studies and preventive measures should be carried out to reduce unnecessary financial losses encountered in the industry and to prevent the public from acquiring zoonotic disease like hydatidosis.
The study was conducted from November, 2013 to March, 2014 at Hawassa municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia with the aim of identifying the major causes of liver and lung condemnation and assessing possible risk factors associated with organ condemnation. Standard ante-mortem and post-mortem procedures were followed throughout the study and abnormalities were recorded. A total of 399 cattle were considered for ante mortem and post-mortem examination by systematic random sampling technique. In ante mortem inspection the most commonly encountered abnormalities were 3 (0.75%) lameness, 4 (1%) nasal discharge, 2 (0.5%) skin lesions and 4 (1%) rough hair coat. During post mortem inspection, 224 (56.1%) of lungs were condemned due to hydatidosis, calcification, emphysema and marbling and 207 (51.8%) of livers were condemned due to fasciolosis, hydatidosis, calcification, hardening and haemorrhage. The condemnation rate of lung with respect to each risk factor was found to be 35.3, 0.78, 9.7 and 10% for hydatidosis, calcification, emphysema and marbling, respectively. The condemnation rate of liver with respect to each risk factor was also found to be 20.5, 17.2, 4.2, 10.2 and 0.5% for fasciolosis, hydatidosis, hardening, calcification and hemorrhage, respectively. The study indicated that hydatidosis (35.5%) for lung and fasciolosis (20.7%) for liver were the major cause of condemnation, respectively. Many risk factors such as age, body condition, origin and breed of animal determined liver and lung condemnation rate. But among these only body condition showed statistically significant difference (x 2 = 11.524, P=0.003) with condemnation rate of each organ. The results of this study showed that condemnation of liver and lungs at the abattoir is very high, thereby preventive measure need to be designed to overcome further loss by applying appropriate treatment control and preventive measures of slaughter animals.
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 2016
The study was conducted from November, 2013 to March, 2014 at Hawassa municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia with the aim of identifying the major causes of liver and lung condemnation and assessing possible risk factors associated with organ condemnation. Standard ante-mortem and post-mortem procedures were followed throughout the study and abnormalities were recorded. A total of 399 cattle were considered for ante mortem and post-mortem examination by systematic random sampling technique. In ante mortem inspection the most commonly encountered abnormalities were 3 (0.75%) lameness, 4 (1%) nasal discharge, 2 (0.5%) skin lesions and 4 (1%) rough hair coat. During post mortem inspection, 224 (56.1%) of lungs were condemned due to hydatidosis, calcification, emphysema and marbling and 207 (51.8%) of livers were condemned due to fasciolosis, hydatidosis, calcification, hardening and haemorrhage. The condemnation rate of lung with respect to each risk factor was found to be 35.3, 0.78, 9.7 and 10% for hydatidosis, calcification, emphysema and marbling, respectively. The condemnation rate of liver with respect to each risk factor was also found to be 20.5, 17.2, 4.2, 10.2 and 0.5% for fasciolosis, hydatidosis, hardening, calcification and hemorrhage, respectively. The study indicated that hydatidosis (35.5%) for lung and fasciolosis (20.7%) for liver were the major cause of condemnation, respectively. Many risk factors such as age, body condition, origin and breed of animal determined liver and lung condemnation rate. But among these only body condition showed statistically significant difference (x 2 = 11.524, P=0.003) with condemnation rate of each organ. The results of this study showed that condemnation of liver and lungs at the abattoir is very high, thereby preventive measure need to be designed to overcome further loss by applying appropriate treatment control and preventive measures of slaughter animals.
European Journal of Applied …, 2012
A study was conducted from November, 2011 to April, 2012 on cattle slaughtered at Kombolcha ELFORA industrial abattoir with the aim of determining major causes of liver condemnation and to estimate the direct financial losses attributed to the condemned liver. Ante mortem and post-mortem inspection procedures were followed throughout the study and abnormalities encountered were recorded. A total of 1175 cattle were examined at ante mortem and 100 animals were found to have abnormalities/conditions like lameness, localized swelling, blindness, fever, rough hair, emaciation and branding. Out of 1175 cattle slaughtered, 782 (66.06%) livers were totally condemned. The major causes of liver condemnation were due to fasciolosis (36.06%), cirrhosis (16.5%), hepatitis (14.83%), hydatidosis (14.32%), calcification (8.18%), bovine cysticercosis (5.37%), abscess (4.09%) and tuberculosis (0.51%). Comparison of liver condemnation rate was carried out for different age, animal origin and sex groups however, statistically significant difference was observed only between age groups. The direct financial loss due to liver condemnation was calculated to be 12,810 ETB per annum, rendering them unfit for local market on esthetic ground or considering their zoonotic risks to human beings. To this end, public education on the effects of animal disease, application of strict control measures accompanying epidemiological studies and exercising appropriate meat inspection procedures were forwarded to minimize liver condemnation and as well as to safeguard the welfare of the public.
A study was conducted from November 2017 to April 2018 on sheep and goats slaughtered at Abyssinia Slaughtering Service House with the aim of determining major causes of liver condemnation and to estimate the direct financial losses attributed to the condemned liver. Ante mortem and post-mortem inspection procedures were followed throughout the study and abnormalities encountered were recorded. A total of 520 sheep and 510 goats were examined at ante mortem and all were passed for slaughter. Out of 1030 sheep and goats slaughtered, 381 (37%) livers were totally condemned. The major causes of liver condemnation were due to hepatitis, calcification, cirrhosis, stelesia hepatica, C. tenuicollis, fasciola and adhesion. The principal causes of condemnation were hepatitis 56(10.8%), calcification 47(9.04%), Stelesia hepatica 47(9.04%) and Fasciola 37 (7.1%) in sheep and hepatitis 36(7.06%) and cirrhosis 33(6.5%) in goats. Hepatitis was highest contributor in both species while calcification and Stelesia hepatica in sheep and cirrhosis in goat were mostly contributed to liver condemnation. Comparison of liver condemnation rate was carried out for different age, animal origin and species of animals. However, statistically significant difference was observed only between species (P-value=.000). The direct financial loss due to liver condemnation was calculated to be 58,018.4 ETB or 2,148.8 USD per annum, rendering them unfit for local market on esthetic ground or considering their zoonotic risks to human beings. To this end, public education on the effects of animal disease, application of strict control measures accompanying epidemiological studies and exercising appropriate meat inspection procedures were forwarded to minimize liver condemnation and as well as to safeguard the welfare of the public.
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 2016
A cross sectional active and retrospective abattoir survey was undertaken from November 2013 to April 2014, on cattle slaughtered at Dessie municipal abattoir with the aim of identifying the major causes of organ condemnation, risk factors for organ condemnation and estimating the financial loss attributed to the condemned organs in cattle slaughtered at Dessie municipal abattoir, NorthEast part of Ethiopia. Of the total 768 examined animals, abnormalities were detected in 82 (10.68%) during ante mortem inspection and 430 (55.99%) were animals from which organ condemned during postmortem inspection. From the total cattle slaughtered, 311 (40.49%) livers, 142 (18.49%) lungs, 39 (5.08%) kidneys, 34 (4.43%) hearts and 6 (0.78%) tongues were condemned due to various causes. Hydatidosis (22.13%), fasciolosis (20.18%) and cirrhosis (8.85%), hepatitis (4.43%), pneumonia (3.25%), abscess (2.6%), pericarditis (2.08%), edema (1.82%), hydronephrosis (1.43%), nephritis (1.04%) were the major identified causes from the lesions responsible for the rejection of organs. Statistically significant difference in organ condemnation rate was found between age (p = 0.000), body condition score (p = 0.000) and origin (p = 0.013) of animals. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two breeds although there was higher condemnation rate of organ in cross breed cattle. In the study, fasciolosis and hydatidosis were the major causes of organs condemnation. The direct financial loss from organ condemnation due to various reasons was estimated to be 122,617.70 Ethiopian Birr (6,288.08 USD) per annum. Hence, commencement and implementation of prevention and control measures are must so as to secure from the financial loss they cause.
Ethiopian Veterinary Journal
The purpose of this study was to investigate the major causes of organ and/or carcass condemnation and to estimate the financial loss encountered in cattle slaughtered at ELFORA abattoir. The study is based on retrospective analysis of five year data record at slaughter house cattle (n=21864) and active abattoir survey involving pre and postmortem inspection of 1200 cattle conducted from October 2013 to April 2014. From a total of 23,064 slaughtered cattle, both during retrospective and cross-sectional studies, 15,971 (69.2%) had one or more than one type of abnormalities that lead to organ and/or carcass condemnation. Of these 67.7%, 40.3%, 38.8%, 23.0%, 19.9%, 7.0% and 5.0% were accounted to pathologies attributed to liver, kidney, lung, spleen, heart, tongue and heads condemnation, respectively. Liver was the most commonly condemned organ due to zoonotic parasites (32.8%), which include Fasciola species, Cysticercus bovis and Cystic echinococcosis. Parasites were the major causes of organs particularly liver, lung and heart condemnation. Carcass condemnation was mainly attributed to TB and TB like lesions, oedema, abscess and Cysticercus bovis. Overall, the total economic loss incurred due to organ and carcass condemnation was estimated to reach 3,522,005.00 Ethiopian Birr during the study period. Hence, awareness creation through animal health extension work and treatment of sick animal will play key role in reducing the loss. Implementation of detailed meat inspection at the abattoir is recommended. Also further study to identify the causative agents of abscess; and to characterize hydatid cysts, and causes of tubercle like lesions will be important for designing control strategy.
Veterinary World, 2013
Aim: The study was conducted to identify major causes of organs condemnation in cattle slaughtered at Adigrat municipal abattoir and to estimate the direct economic losses. Material and Methods: A cross sectional active abattoir survey, which involves both ante mortem and post mortem examinations, was conducted on 745 cattle from October 2012 to April 2013, and two years (September 2010-September 2012) retrospective data on meat inspection records was also collected. Results: During ante mortem examination, in 114 (15.3%) cattle various types of abnormalities were detected include; lacrimation (3.49%), pale mucus membrane (3.09%), nasal discharge (1.88%), hernia (1.48%), actinomycosis (1.34%), salivation (1.74%), lameness (0.54%), emaciation (0.41%), depression (0.41%), blindness (0.41%), local swelling (0.27%) and rough hair coat (0.27%). Postmortem examination revealed that 131 (17.58%) liver, 61 (8.19%) lungs, 9 (1.21%) kidneys and 2 (0.27%) hearts were condemned due to various causes. Fasciolosis (9.26%) was the main cause of liver condemnation followed by hydatid cyst (3.62%) and cysticercus bovis (2.55%), respectively. The major causes of lung condemnation were hydatid cyst, emphysema and pneumonia accounting for 5.1, 1.61 and 1.07%, respectively. Hydronephrosis and cysticercus bovis were the major causes of kidney and liver condemnation with rate of 0.94 and 0.27%, respectively. Totally about 19,910.0 Ethiopian birr (1,083.83 USD) was lost from organs condemnation during the active abattoir survey. From the retrospective data it was observed that liver and lung were the most condemned organs with condemnation rate of 17.72 and 7.53%, respectively. The major causes of organ condemnation were hydatid cyst (11.52%), cirrhosis (4.97%), fasciolosis (4.35%), cysticercus bovis (4.12%) and hydronephrosis (1.21%), respectively. Consequently, the overall direct economical loss during the two years was estimated to be 83,890.0 Ethiopian birr (4,566.68 USD). Conclusion: The results identified various causes of organ condemnation and their economic importance in the area. Therefore, it is necessary to establish appropriate strategy for prevention and control.
European Journal of Applied Sciences, 2018
In Ethiopia, meat production is not satisfactory due to the condemnation of organs at abattoirs which leads to the associated economic losses. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to April 2018 in an attempt to determine the gross pathological abnormalities that cause organ and carcass condemnation, associated risk factors, and financial loss in Dire Dawa Municipal abattoir. Out of the total 700cattle slaughtered, 292 (41.7%) of them had various types of abnormalities such as emaciation 84 (28.8%), branding 50 (17.2%), tick infestation 40 (13.7%), lacrimation 30 (10.3%), lameness 16 (5.5%), Local swelling (5.13%), depression 14 (4.79%), Nasal discharge 12 (4.1%), Salivation 10 (3.4%), blindness 10 (3.4%), Diarrhea8 (2.7%) and Itching 3 (1.02%) at ante mortem inspection. The postmortem examination revealed that 140(59.32%) liver, 68 (28.811%) lungs, 19 (8.05%) hearts, 4 (1.7%) spleen, 2 (0.85%) kidneys, 2 (0.85%) GIT and1 (0.42%) carcass were totally condemned due to gross pathological abnormalities. Hydatidosis and fascioliasis were the commonest causes of organ condemnation with a frequency of 42.37% and 17.4% respectively. However, TB was the only pathological condition that causes total condemnation of the carcass (0.42%). The threat of organ condemnation was higher in cattle having poor body conditions (39.3%) than in fat (37.5%) and adults (53.6%) than in young (23.21) and old cattle (23.21). So, the relationship between body condition and age with respect to the infected organs had a significant difference ( P <0.05). Due to considered pathological conditions and health problems in the area, the significant annual economic losses estimated were 217, 700, 000Eth birr. In Conclusion, the results identified various gross pathological abnormalities that cause organ condemnation and the related economic importance in the area. Therefore, it is necessary to create awareness for the concerned bodies about the routine follow-up of animal health, good handling of animals during transportation, the public health significance of diseases of animal origin and the related losses
2016
A cross sectional active and retrospective abattoir survey was undertaken from November 2013 to April 2014, on cattle slaughtered at Dessie municipal abattoir with the aim of identifying the major causes of organ condemnation, risk factors for organ condemnation and estimating the financial loss attributed to the condemned organs in cattle slaughtered at Dessie municipal abattoir, North-East part of Ethiopia. Of the total 768 examined animals, abnormalities were detected in 82 (10.68%) during ante mortem inspection and 430 (55.99%) were animals from which organ condemned during postmortem inspection. From the total cattle slaughtered, 311 (40.49%) livers, 142 (18.49%) lungs, 39 (5.08%) kidneys, 34 (4.43%) hearts and 6 (0.78%) tongues were condemned due to various causes. Hydatidosis (22.13%), fasciolosis (20.18%) and cirrhosis (8.85%), hepatitis (4.43%), pneumonia (3.25%), abscess (2.6%), pericarditis (2.08%), edema (1.82%), hydronephrosis (1.43%), nephritis (1.04%) were the major i...