Carrying Capacity Analysis of Sustainable Groundwater Sources (Case Study in Sumberjati Village, Sillo District, Jember Regency) (original) (raw)
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Civil and Environmental Engineering
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International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 2021
Groundwater is the biggest freshwater reservoir in the world. More than 95% of the unfrozen water comes from groundwater. Factors responsible for groundwater consumption by rice growers have been included in the study. For the study, Purba Barddhaman district was selected purposively considering the pattern of agriculture and extent groundwater use in the state. One community development block from the district has selected based on crop diversity, type of irrigation, amount of water extraction for irrigation purposes. From the selected block a big parcel of cultivating land (Math) were again selected randomly keeping the consideration of homogeneity in lad type, soil type, type of crops, variety and seasons. Farmers’ knowledge level, farmers’ attitude towards irrigation, economic motivation, improved water extraction mechanism and method of irrigation are the major contributing factors in predicting the amount of groundwater consumption when crop and land situation are constant.
Conservation Model for Sustainable Groundwater Utilization in Makassar City
Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 13th International Interdisciplinary Studies Seminar, IISS 2019, 30-31 October 2019, Malang, Indonesia, 2020
Ground water utilization increases along with population growth and city development. Ground water is one of the sources of water to fulfill daily needs for households, government offices, private sectors, businesses and industries. The research was aimed to formulate a conservation model for sustainable groundwater utilization in Makassar City. This research used primary data and used questionnaire techniques for data collection. The data was analyzed by using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis and the MPE analysis approach (Experimental Comparison Method). The AHP method is intended to determine the priority of sustainable groundwater management strategies in Makassar City. While the MPE method is intended to determine the best model of sustainable groundwater conservation in Makassar City. The results showed that the main strategy in sustainable groundwater management in Makassar City is to increase PAD based on the environment becomes a top priority (49.20%). While the MPE analysis showed that the best model for sustainable groundwater conservation efforts in Makassar City is the conservation model for groundwater used with a combination of scenarios/models 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 where the efforts include; saving groundwater, making infiltration wells, harvesting rainwater and installing water meters.
Analysis of Domestic and Smallholder Farm Water Demand in Kajhu Village
This research was to analyze the domestic and smallholder farm water demand in Village Kajhu Baitussalam Sub-district, Aceh Besar District. The parameters observed in domestic water demand were discharge, speed, pressure, pressure loss and water demand while on the smallholder agriculture, the parameters observed were daily average discharge on irrigation channel. Pipeline network information obtained from PDAM Tirta Mountala. The data obtained are water supply, water demand, flow, velocity, pipe diameter, pipe length, pipe type and pipe elevation. Pipeline network analysis used EPANET 2.0 software. The results of the EPANET 2.0 analysis were interpreted in the form of pipeline network maps. The maps shows the water flow received by pipelines, pressure, pressure loss and velocity. Based on research, water needs for smallholder farm has been sufficient. Water required for smallholder farm is 658 m3 a day while average debit through irrigation channel is 135.648 m3 a day. Domestic water requirement of 0,499 l per sec while the average discharge based on the simulation result is 0,422 l per sec. Water Distribution to the research location is still not functioning optimally because there are several criteria of pipeline network that has not been fulfilled such as the water debit in the channel is not sufficient, there is a pipe with speed less than 0.6 m / s, node with pressure less than 25 mH2O, pipe length, pipe diameters and the distribution is still uneven. Keywords : domestic water demand, smallholder farm, EPANET 2.0, pipeline, water distribution.
Abstract The study focused on the scope of sustainable water management and facing the challenges to accomplish the water demand for the next 25 years. The population of the city area is rapidly increasing due to centralization of all activities, migration of rural people due to the occurrence of disaster and creating employment opportunities for the last 40 years. Most of the supply-water in Dhaka city comes from groundwater and it covers 81% of the total supply. The water demand for the predicted population was analyzed up to 2025. The study obtained that groundwater table is dropping rapidly all over the city and recently the maximum lowering has been identified at Tejgaon industrial area. The groundwater elevation of shallow and intermediate aquifer at Tejgaon area has been calculated as – 62.4.m and – 13.14 m respectively. However, the average rate of water table declination is 2.5 meter/year. The over exploitation of this resource may occur land subsidence and moreover the concentration of trace elements are becoming higher in groundwater. Hereby considering all aspects, the study is innovated to apply some new and effective tools for the sustainable management of groundwater for the city dwellers. More attention may draw on the preservation of wetlands around the Dhaka city, artificial recharge of the shallow & intermediate aquifers from the peripheral channels, development of injection wells and rain water harvesting may play significant role for the fulfilment of water demand.
A Study of Availability and Utilization of Water Resources in Punjab
Current World Environment, 2020
While water is renewable, only a finite amount of it is available. Rapid urbanization, industrial development, and growth in food demand contribute to the shortage of freshwater in many countries. The limited availability of surface water and its uneven distribution in time and space has increased the dependence on groundwater (GW) in Punjab. Its irrigation development is characterized by excessive extraction of GW to meet the crop water requirements for ensuring the country’s self-reliance in food. GW development guided by populist political pronouncements has contributed to serious environmental and ecological concerns. The paper, using the GW resource estimation methodology-2015, assesses the net annual replenish able GW availability (21.58 billion cubic meters) and GW extraction (35.78 billion cubic meters), and thus a stage of GW extraction of 166%. It analyses the impact of continuous GW mining on the long-term behaviour of water table. Considering the declining availability o...
Sustainable development analyses to evaluate groundwater quality and quantity management
Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2016
In this study, a qualitative and quantitative change of groundwater resources of Damghan Basin was analyzed. Fifty-four active piezometric wells was used in the region which mostly suffer from shortage of drinkable water standard. Physical properties of 59 quality wells have been evaluated in order to determine the quality of groundwater by measuring factors such as pH, hardness, chloride content, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solid (TDS). By physical/chemical analyses, it was concluded that results for selected resources of Damghan Basin have been more comprehensive during 2008-2009 in comparison with other periods because scattered data cover all areas of the basin. By comparing the results with drinking water quality standards (WHO), assessment of water resources were conducted as acceptable to unsuitable. Hydrochemical perspective drawn using Piper diagram indicates that most of the selected water resources in the area contain chloride constituents. However, Na% values indicate that just 83 % of samples are permissible for using in irrigation purposes.
Analysis of Availability and Water Demand: A Case Study in Sumberejo Village Tanggamus Regency
IOP conference series, 2020
Clean water is a basic need for humans so that it is normal if clean water gets priority in handling and fulfilling it. The spring in Sumberejo Village, Sumberejo Subdistrict, Tanggamus District Is needed to facilitate. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential sources of raw water (clean water) in Sumberejo Village. The EPANET 2.0 program was implemented by calculative the number of people to be served as well as the need for clean water, reservoir capacity, and planning for distribution network. The methods used in water availability include measurement of discharge, topographic data, and water quality and for water requirements are projections of population, total water requirements and pipeline network pressure. The results of the analysis and projections of the number of villagers up to 2030 with a total of 2443 people, total water needs of 2842 liters/second, the availability debit in Sumberejo water eyes was 2,979 liters/second, the discharge was still sufficient for water needs until 2030. Hydraulic analysis using EPANET 2.0 obtained pressure at the highest location is 24.75 meters and the lowest is 2.95 meters. The study indicates that availability and water demand is sufficient until 2030
2020
India is the largest extractor of groundwater in the World. Agriculture from amongst all the sectors, is the largest user of groundwater in India. Considering the diversity in hydrogeology, climate, soil, slope, extraction of groundwater a single groundwater management plan cannot work for the entire country. Still, there are debates on the selection of an appropriate unit to prepare and execute groundwater management micro-plans at the level of that unit. Storage and transmission of groundwater vary in different hydrogeological settings across the country and in addition to variations in social and economic conditions imply that diverse problems might require customized solutions. Agriculture being the major extractor of groundwater implies different patterns of groundwater usage in different agro-climatic zones. This study proposes the consideration of hydrogeology and agro-climatic conditions together to prepare the micro-plans for managing groundwater. This study tries to understand the sustainability of groundwater in similar agro-climatic conditions but different hydrogeological settings in two blocks from Akola district of Maharashtra: Telhara block with alluvial formation setting and Patur block with a volcanic formation setting. Factors such as geomorphology, soil type, climatic variations, land use, hydrogeology, availability of groundwater resources along with quality, a trend in the groundwater levels, cropping pattern changes, procurement of agriculture produce, social aspects like migration, land ownership are analyzed with respect to the sustainability of groundwater. Concepts of drainage analysis, calculating value of agriculture production, Focus Group Discussions to understand the history of accessing groundwater for drinking and irrigation purpose along with changes in sources, groundwater budgeting are used in the study. The analysis of the above-mentioned factors and use of concepts are put together in attempting a comparative analysis for locations representing the two blocks. Field-based stories on the exclusion of marginal farmers from irrigation facility due to increase in groundwater use in the command area, the situation of old drinking water sources and variation in cropping pattern at shorter distances are narrated in the study. The trend of groundwater water levels for the last 20 years is plotted against the value of agricultural production for various years of both the blocks. The comparative analysis of different factors for both the blocks have helped in the analysis of the current situation about the use of groundwater. Based on the analysis, different strategies are discussed to attain sustainability in the use of groundwater for both the blocks. Groundwater levels in Telhara have fallen by nearly 20 meters while for Patur the levels are nearly constant. Despite of continuous falling of water levels in Telhara block, the block is still categorized as 'Safe' in terms of stage of groundwater development. Common observation in both the block is that the use of groundwater for irrigation may threaten the drinking water needs in future as both the needs are met by tapping the same aquifer. The proportion of landless families is more in SC and Muslim communities in both the blocks. Use of common recharge coefficient and the common water level data for the entire hydrogeological formation may not be ideal and hence the absence of aquifer mapping is the limitation of the study. The study proposes different strategies for both the blocks which show that the consideration of hydrogeological settings along with the agro-climatic conditions would be the better option as the unit for preparing micro-plans to manage groundwater. In Patur block there exists a natural situation where a pilot on separating confined and unconfined aquifers for drinking and irrigation needs can be implemented after the study on groundwater quality and characteristics of confined system. While in Telhara block 47 villages are facing serious salinity issues, and there is possibility of reserving the water in Wan Project for drinking purpose. Telhara block has probably reached a level at which the designing and implementing demand management strategies to attain the groundwater sustainability is necessary. However, considering the heterogeneity within Alluvium in Telhara there is need of further systematic research covering groundwater, agriculture and socio-economic aspects. Systematic mapping of aquifers and managing groundwater as a common pool resource become the two common elements of strategic approaches to the management of groundwater across these two settings. The management strategies, however, will tend to vary according to the specific problems in these two aquifer settings.
AN OVERVIEW ON PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY—A CASE STUDY
Water is an essential requirement of the community and a fragile component of earth. The supply of safe water in adequate quantity and quality is one of the primary responsibilities of any civil body. The "Jal Ninnal Project" is aimed at improving the quality of rural water supply and sanitation through integrated approach for sustainable development, which is being implemented in eleven districts of North Karnak.ata. Selection/identification of new sources and assessment of sustainable yield plays a dominant role in designing the project to meet necessary demand. Step drawdown test and electrical resistivity test (Schlumberger test) are conducted to assess the sustainable yield and to know the aquifer parameters, which indirectly helps in the selection of new sources and groundwater recharge. In this study, planning and management of rural drinking water supply scheme is reviewed and discussed by assessing sustainable yield using existing and proposed sources through community participation.