Binocular vision findings in normally-sighted school aged children who used digital devices (original) (raw)
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Effects of Electronic Devices on Vision in Students Age Group 18-25
Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 2021
Purpose: To increase understanding about the damaging effects of light rays on eyesight. To investigate frequency of people affected from light rays electronic devices. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Riphah International University Lahore and duration of study was six months from June 2020 to December 2020. Materials & Methods: A six months cross sectional study with convenient sampling method was conducted at Riphah international university Lahore from June 2020 to December 2020. The age of the individuals was between 18 years-25 years. Individuals who fulfill the inclusion criteria were chosen from University. A proforma was filled regarding detailed history of use of electronic devices other visual problems associated with it. Results: In present study 200 students were participated who has been using electronic devices. In this 100 students were male and 100 were females. 60% were emmetropic, 27.5% were myopic, 5.5% were hyperopia and 7.0% were astigmatic. 40% individuals were using smartphones from 11 years-13 years, 20.5% using from 8 years-11 years and 25% using from 4 years-7 years. The purpose of using these electronic devices in 96 individuals was using smartphone only for social networking. Most of them (130) participants were using smartphone and laptops. Usage of these electronic devices for more than 4 hours-6 hours was observed in 60 members. Among these individuals most of them were using these electronic devices by lying on the bed and some were also using in cervical flexion position. Conclusion: The over all research identified the smartphone/any electronic devices used so longer had bad effect on vision most particularly myopia occurred. This research suggests that constant and extreme utilization of smartphone and other electronic devices should be avoided.
Impact of Digital Devices on Myopic Individuals
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Background: Today's generation has all been using a more significant deal of time on their digital devices, whatever it may be. It leads to a surge in cases of myopia in the population, especially in the Asian population. The average screen time usage has increased significantly, especially during pandemic situations. Digital devices also contain a spectrum of rays and blue light, damaging the retina and disturbing eye health. This has caused a trend of increasing myopic cases in the young generation. Risk factors and prevention of using digital devices should be known to the public for better care of their eyes. Objective: To study various articles on the association between digital device usage and myopia in the young population. Based on the results of various studies, conclude and discuss the risk factors of myopia and how it can be minimized in the young generation. Methodology: Various articles were reviewed during the study; recent papers published in the last five years ...
Technology and Young Adult Visual Acuity Degradation Symptoms
AHFE International, 2022
Technology in the modern age is used in various sectors, particularly screen technology, usually in many everyday devices such as smartphones, personal computers, tablets, and smartwatches. Most of the consumer products used in this current age have a screen interface and are abundantly distributed to the public. This study investigated the connection between the rapid availability of digital screen devices and vision problems in young adults. One hundred and two students and twelve vision care experts participated in the study. Results revealed that about 59% of the students experienced a worse vision from 2015 to late 2021. About 73% of these student respondents affirmed using a smartphone as the primary digital screen device for 5-6 hours daily, and 37% confirmed to have experienced eye dryness and irritation during COVID-19. Vision care experts confirmed treating many young adult patients with vision-related issues in the past five years compared with a decade ago. About 58% of ...
Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Keperawatan Indonesia
Background: Excessive use of computers and smartphones can cause complaints of dizziness and watery eyes. if it happens continuously, it will be harmful to eye health. Objectives: The study aimed to examine the relationship between the use of computers and smartphones with a decrease in visual acuity. Methods: The study was correlational with a cross-sectional design involving 65 students and selected by total sampling. Data collection about using computers and smartphones used observation sheets and measuring visual acuity by Snellen charts. The Spearman rank test was employed to examine the relationship between variables. Results: The use of computers and smartphones shows that in the high category as many as 10 (15%) respondents, 24 (37%) respondents in the medium category, and 31 (48%) in the low category. The results of the examination of visual acuity in the normal category were 4 respondents (6%), the nearly normal category were 30 (46%) respondents, and the less moderate cat...
Digital eye strain: prevalence, measurement and amelioration
BMJ open ophthalmology, 2018
Digital device usage has increased substantially in recent years across all age groups, so that extensive daily use for both social and professional purposes is now normal. Digital eye strain (DES), also known as computer vision syndrome, encompasses a range of ocular and visual symptoms, and estimates suggest its prevalence may be 50% or more among computer users. Symptoms fall into two main categories: those linked to accommodative or binocular vision stress, and external symptoms linked to dry eye. Although symptoms are typically transient, they may be frequent and persistent, and have an economic impact when vocational computer users are affected. DES may be identified and measured using one of several available questionnaires, or objective evaluations of parameters such as critical flicker-fusion frequency, blink rate and completeness, accommodative function and pupil characteristics may be used to provide indices of visual fatigue. Correlations between objective and subjective measures are not always apparent. A range of management approaches exist for DES including correction of refractive error and/or presbyopia, management of dry eye, incorporating regular screen breaks and consideration of vergence and accommodative problems. Recently, several authors have explored the putative role of blue light-filtering spectacle lenses on treating DES, with mixed results. Given the high prevalence of DES and nearuniversal use of digital devices, it is essential that eye care practitioners are able to provide advice and management options based on quality research evidence. Recent US data indicate that 37% of adults aged 60 years and over spend five or more hours per day using digital devices, and this age group prefers using laptops and desktops for browsing the internet, whereas younger adults are more likely to use smartphones for this purpose. 8 Use of social media and multitasking is particularly prominent among younger adults with 87% of individuals aged 20-29 years reporting use of two or more digital devices simultaneously. 8 sympToms And prevAlenCe According to the American Optometric Association, 10 the most common symptoms
Study on ocular morbidity prevalence and impact of digital display devices among school children
Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2020
To estimate the prevalence of ocular morbidity and impact of digital display devices among school children attending Air Force school in Delhi. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using a quantitative method of data collection and was conducted among primary school children of age group 5-11years in Delhi area. A total of 1100 school-going children were evaluated. After enumeration and questionnaire administration, visual acuity and exposure time of digital display devices noted, followed by examination of anterior and posterior segment structures of the eyes of the children. For the analysis, children were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (5-7 years), Group 2 (8-10 years) and Group 3 (below 11 years) based on age. Results: A total of 1100 school children (625 boys and 475 girls) participated in the study. A total of 282 (25.6%) children had visual impairment and 315 (28.6%) children had ocular morbidities. The common ocular morbidities identified were refractive error 25.6%, colour vision defective 0.9%, convergence defect 1.8% and squint 0.2%. The older age group (8-10 yrs) had a higher prevalence of refractive error, especially myopia, compared to the younger age group (5-7 yrs) and group (<12yrs) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A high prevalence of ocular morbidity among school children of age group 8-10 yrs was observed with a positive correlation with exposure time to digital display devices. Refractive errors were the most common ocular disorders.
Journal of Public Health
Aim Digital device usage, especially during the pandemic, has catapulted into a new age problem, the computer vision syndrome. This study aimed to quantify the prevalence and determinants of digital eye strain (DES). Subject and Methods A total of 345 university students in India were surveyed in June-July 2022, by a validated tool, the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) © in this cross-sectional study. According to American Optometric Association, digital eye strain and computer vision syndrome are synonyms. Non-parametric tests of medians were used to compare the median DES scores, Chi square test to compare categorical variables, and binary logistic regression to find the determinants of DES. Results The average age of the study participants was 21.0 ± 2.2 years, ranging between 18-26 years with 52.8% females and 47.2% males. The prevalence of DES was 45.5% (CI 95% = 40.2%-50.8%). Any existing eye disease (p-value = 0.000, OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.26-0.65), average daily screen time (p-value = 0.001, OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.22-2.13) and using gadgets in the dark (p-value = 0.000, OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.23-0.61) were significant determinants of the same. Conclusion Framing guidelines limiting the hours allotted for online classes for university students are imperative, with promotion of ergonomic practices for digital device usage such as blue light filters and night mode on devices.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.12\_Issue.5\_May2022/IJHSR-Abstract.027.html, 2022
Continuous long term laptop use causes a health complaint called Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). The syndrome is influenced by applying an ergonomic system that is not good for students to use the laptop. This study aims to identify and analyze the correlation between length of time laptop usage and CVS. The method of this study was a descriptive study with the cross-sectional method. The study was conducted among Medical Faculty of Indonesia Christian University Students Class 2013 from October-December 2016. The data was collected via a questionnaire. The total number of samples was 62 persons with the random sampling method. The statistic test is used as a chi-square. The results indicate a correlation between time duration with visual problems (p=0.0000). There was a correlation break time with visual problems (p=0.0000), ocular problems (p=0.083) and extra-ocular problems (p=0.092). Nevertheless, the duration and break times have no significant correlation with CVS. There was a correlation between adequacy of light and CVS (p<0.05). The result of the study concluded that there was a correlation between length of time laptop use and CVS.
Clinical and Experimental Optometry
Smartphone and tablet use in Australia and worldwide is reaching saturation levels and associated visual and ocular discomfort such as headaches, eyestrain, dry eyes and sore eyes are widespread. This review synthesises the available literature and considers these symptoms in the context of a binocular vision and/or ocular surface aetiology. Eye discomfort with smartphones and tablets is discussed alongside similar symptoms reported with desktop computer use. Handheld devices differ from computers in viewing position and distance, screen size and luminance, and patterns of use. Accommodation is altered with handheld device use, with increased lag and decreased amplitude. Smartphone and tablet use results in reduced fusional convergence and possibly a receded near point of convergence. This is similar to what happens with computer use. Findings related to blink rate with smartphone and tablet use are contradictory, perhaps due to the influence of task difficulty, and there is limited evidence related to blink amplitude. Reduced blink rate and amplitude are consistently reported with computer use. Use of handheld digital devices, like computers, may adversely impact tear stability. There is insufficient evidence to support the impact of handheld devices on tear volume, although this is reduced with computer use. The available literature does not conclusively link eye and visual discomfort symptoms reported with handheld digital devices, with changes in binocular vision, blinking or ocular surface. However, there is a gap in our understanding of symptoms which occur with smartphone and tablet use in the context of how these devices are used. In addition, studies are required in high users such as teenagers, and in patients with dry eye or accommodative/ binocular vision anomalies, all of whom may have a higher risk of symptoms. A better understanding of symptom aetiology can guide clinical advice to minimise adverse impacts on visual and ocular surface health and discomfort.