Fulminant COVID-19 Pneumonia in a 53-Yr-Old Man: A Case Report (original) (raw)
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Cureus, 2020
As of April 2020, the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in more than 210,000 deaths globally. The most common cause of death from COVID-19 is acute respiratory failure. We report the case of a 78-year-old female with a history of hypertension, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), type 2 diabetes mellitus, and sarcoidosis, who presented to the emergency department with one day of dyspnea. The patient experienced a rapid decline in respiratory function and was intubated in the intensive care unit (ICU), meeting the Berlin criteria for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Chest radiography revealed diffuse bilateral coalescent opacities, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA swab test was positive for COVID-19. The patient experienced acute kidney injury with uptrending creatinine levels and remained lethargic and unresponsive throughout her ICU stay, suggestive of potential hypoxic brain injury. In light of the patient's poor clinical status, age, and significant comorbidities, prognosis was conveyed about medical futility and patient's family agreed to terminal extubation and the patient expired peacefully, exactly one week from hospital admission. This case report highlights the speed at which severe ARDS can present and contribute to end-organ dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.
Severe covid-19 pneumonia: pathogenesis and clinical management
BMJ
Severe covid-19 pneumonia has posed critical challenges for the research and medical communities. Older age, male sex, and comorbidities increase the risk for severe disease. For people hospitalized with covid-19, 15-30% will go on to develop covid-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS). Autopsy studies of patients who died of severe SARS CoV-2 infection reveal presence of diffuse alveolar damage consistent with ARDS but with a higher thrombus burden in pulmonary capillaries. When used appropriately, high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) may allow CARDS patients to avoid intubation, and does not increase risk for disease transmission. During invasive mechanical ventilation, low tidal volume ventilation and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration to optimize oxygenation are recommended. Dexamethasone treatment improves mortality for the treatment of severe and critical covid-19, while remdesivir may have modest benefit in time to recovery in patients with severe...
Pulmonary Complications after COVID-19
Life, 2022
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a threat to patients not only because of its acute course, but also because of various complications occurring in the following period, that is, more than 28 days after the onset of acute infection. The present study identified a total of 121 patients hospitalized 29 or more days after the first positive result of a PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, of whom 98 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups by the time interval between the positive COVID-19 test result and hospitalization date. The time intervals were week 5–11 in an ongoing-COVID group (57.1% of patients) and 12 or more weeks in a post-COVID-group (42.9%). The most frequent reason for hospitalization was respiratory tract infection (58.2%). Pneumonia accounted for 77.2% of these cases. Other reasons for hospitalization were interstitial lung disease (22.4%), pulmonary embolism (8.2%), and sarcoidosis (6.1%). The study group was further divided according to th...
Lung Fibrosis due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia with Critical Symptoms: A Case Report
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022
BACKGROUND: The pandemic that occurred at the end of 2019 was caused by the coronavirus 2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]). Various speculations mention that the long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection can cause pulmonary fibrosis. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one that can cause pulmonary fibrosis due to injury to the lungs. CASE REPORT: This report discusses a case of pulmonary fibrosis caused by critical COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease) in 38-year-old male patient with hypertension and obesity comorbidities. The patient was treated for 51 days in intensive care unit with 60 L/min high flow nasal cannula assisted oxygenation; then his condition improved as evidenced by his negative Real Time - Polymerase Chain Reaction test result, and was subsequently transferred to a non-COVID-19 ward using non-rebreathing mask at 10–15 L/min, which was later titrated to 2–4 L/min nasal canulla. Patient was treated in the non...
Critical Degree of COVID-19 Pneumonia in A Man with HIV
Devotion Journal of Community Service
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), appeared in the city of Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 causes the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has resulted in the most devastating pandemic in modern world history. Epidemiological data show that COVID-19 infection with a poor prognosis occurs in the general population with chronic systemic immune deficiency and inflammatory conditions in patients. People with HIV/AIDS (ODHA) have a higher risk of being infected with COVID-19. Research related to COVID-19 infection in HIV/AIDS patients still yields different results in terms of susceptibility to infection, clinical characteristics, severity of symptoms, and prognosis. It is aimed that this case will provide an up-to-date picture of the incidence of COVID-19 in HIV cases The method used in this study is qualitative and a case study of shortness of breath patients. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients and age range 26-82 years. In hospitalized patients, t...
2021
Background The SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe pneumonia and highly impact general health. We aimed to investigate different clinical features and CT scan findings of patients with COVID-19 based on disease severity to have a better understanding of this disease. Methods 90 patients with coronavirus were divided into three categories based on the severity of the disease: mild/moderate, severe, and very severe. Clinical, laboratory and CT scan findings of the patients were examined retrospectively. Any association between these features and disease severity were assessed. Results The mean age and duration of hospitalization of patients increased with increasing the severity of disease. The most common clinical symptoms were shortness of breath, cough, and fever. As the severity of the disease increased from mild/moderate to very severe, there was an increase in neutrophile counts and a decrease in lymphocytes and white blood cells (WBC) showing excessive inflammation associated with seve...
COVID-19: A Case with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2020
In 2019 in Wuhan, China, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified, this is a new coronavirus, which has not been identified in humans before. This paper reports a suspected COVID-19 case with resolving Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Keywords: COVID-19, Nigeria, case report, WHO, Community-Acquired Pneumonia.
Risk factors of pulmonary complications in the patients with COVID-19: A case-control study
Background Pneumothorax (PTX), pneumomediastinum (PM), and emphysema (EM) are complications of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Studying these situations' risk factors, complications, and prognosis is essential for early diagnosis during a pandemic. Methods We performed a case-control study of patients diagnosed with coronavirus pneumonia complicated with PTX, PM, and EM compared with patients without these complications to evaluate the risk factors for the incidence and prognosis of patients with pulmonary complications of COVID-19. We used parametric, non-parametric, and regression tests to analyze the data. Results We enrolled 162 patients (81 complicated, 81 uncomplicated). A past medical history of diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia (HLP), lung disease, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) was not associated with PTX, PM, and EM in COVID 19 pneumonia (p-value > 0.05). The mortality rate was higher in the case group (69% vs. 15%). Among ventilator modes, 46.2% of intubated patients...
2021
The SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe pneumonia and highly impact general health. We aimed to investigate different clinical features and CT scan findings of patients with COVID-19 based on disease severity to have a better understanding of this disease. For this purpose, 90 patients with coronavirus were examined retrospectively, which were divided into three categories based on the severity of the disease: mild/moderate, severe, and very severe. It has been shown that mean age and duration of hospitalization of patients increased with increasing the severity of disease. The most common clinical symptoms were shortness of breath, cough, and fever. As the severity of the disease increased from mild/moderate to very severe, there was an increase in neutrophile counts and a decrease in lymphocytes and white blood cells (WBC) showing excessive inflammation associated with severe forms of COVID-19. Subpleural changes (81%) and ground-glass opacification/opacity (GGO) lesions (73%) of the lung...