Evaluation of Foliar Diseases for Soybean Entries in the Pan-African Trials in Malawi and Zambia (original) (raw)
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Agricultural Society of Nigeria, 2019
Field experiment was conducted in late 2015 and early 2016 farming season, to determine correlationcoefficient and extents of association among growth contributing traits, disease incidence, severity and the significant level of these relationships in 10 newly develop early maturing soybean lines. From this study, days to flowering correlated positively and highly significant with cowpea mild mottle virus (r = 0.60) and (r = 0.64) at (P ≤ 0.01) in 2015 and 2016 respectively. Hundred seed weight correlated negatively and significantly with Fusarium blight (r =-0.50) and (r =-0.50) at (P ≤ 0.05), bacterial pustule (r =-0.60) and (r =-0.65) at (P ≤ 0.01) and disease incidence (r =-0.62) at (P ≤ 0.01) and (r =-0.52) at (P ≤ 0.05) in 2015 and 2016 respectively. Positive and significantly higher correlation was observed among disease incidence and disease severity in both years, while there was negative and non-significant (P > 0.05) correlation between grain yield and all the diseases evaluated in this study in both years. Disease parameters recorded positive correlation among each other, which indicate strong relationships between and within disease parameters. Traits such as number of pod per plant, seed per pod, 100 seed weight and ability to withstand diseases attack, should be important traits for varietal selection, as this could improve grain yield in soybean.
Effect of Diseases on Soybean Yield in the Top Eight Producing Countries in 2006
Plant Health Progress, 2010
The objective of this project was to compile estimates of yield loss in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] to diseases in the top eight soybean-producing countries in 2006. The purpose was to provide information needed by local and world agencies to allocate funds for research and to help scientists focus and coordinate research efforts. Methods used by plant pathologists to estimate yield loss to diseases in these countries included systematic field surveys, cultivar trials, diagnostic clinic records, personal observations, and questionnaires sent to crop consultants and extension staff. The 2006 harvest of soybeans in the top eight soybean-producing countries was reduced an estimated 59.9 million metric tonnes (t) by diseases according to results of the current study. Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, reduced yield in all these countries except Canada in 2006, and the total was more than any other. Next in decreasing order of total yield loss were soybean cyst nematode, brown spot, seedling diseases, anthracnose, and charcoal rot.
Plant Breeding, 2019
Formal public sector soybean breeding in Africa spans over four decades, and it was initiated by the International Institute of Tropical Agricultural (IITA). As the demand of soybean continues to outstrip production, strategic projects such the Tropical Legume (TL) were initiated, in which the main goal was to enhance the productivity of soybean in the farmers' fields in Sub-Saharan Africa. One of the strategies to enhance the productivity of soybean in the farmers' fields is through developing and deploying improved soybean varieties in the target countries. Through the TL I and TL II projects, a number of varieties were released in the target countries, Kenya, Nigeria, Malawi and Mozambique by employing participatory variety selection (PVS). This review provides highlights of the achievements made by IITA breeding programme and insights of what needs to be done to enhance yield improvement for soybean in Africa using demand-driven breeding approaches. 1 | INTRODUCTION: SOYBEAN PR ODUCTION AND DEMAN D TREN DS IN AFRICA Cultivated soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) accounts for about 84.5% of the world grain legume trade (Abate et al., 2011), and it is the number one oil and protein supplier for animal and human nutrition (FAOSTAT, 2014). United States, Brazil, Argentina, China and India are the major producers of soybean and account for more than 90% of the annual average global production of 340 million metric tons for the past decade (Global Soybean Production, 2017; http:// www.globalsoybeanproduction.com/). Although Africa accounts for <2% of the global production with major producers being South Africa and Nigeria (Global Soybean Production, 2017; http:// www.globalsoybeanproduction.com/), soybean constitutes an important component in the smallholder cropping systems and its advantages are well-documented. Some of the advantages of soybean under the smallholder cropping systems in Africa include but not limited to (a) soil fertility improvement and pest control as a rotational crop with cereals, soybean-maize rotation can increase maize yield
Reaction of soybean genotypes to foliar diseases with and without fungicide application
Científica, 2018
The classical genetic improvement aims to select, mainly, cultivars with greater yield potentials; however, by associating the selection for disease resistance, it is possible to handle the management with cost reduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reaction of soybean genotypes to foliar diseases, and the agronomic characteristics of the soybean crop, with and without fungicide application. Two experiments were conducted concomitantly, in the same design and with the same managements, distinguishing with respect to the presence and absence of chemical treatment to control diseases. The experiments were conducted in Rio Verde, Goiás, in the 2015/2016 harvest, in a randomized complete block design with 31 soybean genotypes and three replicates. The plot consisted of 2 rows of 5 m in length, spaced 0.5 m apart. The following were evaluated: downy mildew severity, Asian rust, target spot, and end-of-cycle diseases (EOCD's), besides agronomic characteristics such as defoliation, thousand grain weight, and grain yield. For target spot and EOCD's, genotypes with lower susceptibility to diseases were observed. Regarding downy mildew and Asian rust, the genotypes have been shown to be susceptible, and chemical control was the most effective in the management of these pathogens. There was a significant interaction for thousand grain weight and grain yield, which implies that there is a distinct behavior of the genotypes regarding the presence and absence of diseases. The presence of diseases affected all the characteristics significantly, however, some genotypes stood out in both experiments, not presenting a significant reduction in grain yield when predisposed to the incidence of foliar diseases, consolidating effective control through genetic resistance.
History, current status, and prospects of soybean production and research in sub-Saharan Africa
The Crop Journal, 2018
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a non-native and non-staple crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with potential to be a commercial crop owing to its wide range of uses as food, feed, and industrial raw material. Soybean was first introduced to SSA by Chinese traders in the 19th century and was cultivated as an economic crop as early as 1903 in South Africa. In the past four decades, soybean cultivation area and production in SSA has increased exponentially, from about 20,000 ha and 13,000 t in the early 1970s to 1,500,000 ha and 2,300,000 t in 2016. Soybean yield has been stagnant in SSA for decades at about 1.1 t ha −1 , much lower than the world average, representing one of the most challenging issues in the soybean industry in SSA. The low soybean yield in SSA can be attributed to the use of poor-performing varieties and to the limited application of fertilizers and rhizobial inoculants in soils with no history of soybean production. South Africa, Nigeria, Zambia, and Uganda are the leading soybean producers in SSA. Soybean research in SSA is conducted by international and national research institutions, including IITA, national soybean improvement programs, universities, and the private sector. Between 1970 and 2011, 195 soybean varieties were released by IITA, private breeders, and national soybean improvement programs in SSA. This paper reviews the history and current state of soybean production and of the utilization and adoption of tropical varieties in SSA, addresses the major soybean yield-limiting factors across the region, and discusses the potential of the soybean industry in SSA. It also highlights soybean improvement efforts and lessons learned from previous soybean improvement efforts and the current progress of some national soybean improvement programs in SSA. Opportunities for scaling up tropical soybean as a major crop across SSA countries are promising.
FOLIAR NUTRITION AND THE INDUCTION OF RESISTANCE OF SOYBEAN PLANTS TO DISEASES (Atena Editora)
FOLIAR NUTRITION AND THE INDUCTION OF RESISTANCE OF SOYBEAN PLANTS TO DISEASES (Atena Editora), 2023
Foliar nutrition, due to its possibility to make the plants more resistant, constitutes an interesting alternative for the efficiency of the chemical applications in the control of diseases in the soybean crop. The present study aimed to analyze the use of foliar nutrition in a soybean cultivar in the climate and soil conditions of the municipality of Pejuçara, RS, in the 2016/2017 harvest. For that, a quantitative approach was used, statistical procedure, being the collected data by direct observation and measurement of grain yield components for later treatment using means and Tukey test at the 5% level of error probability. The rainfall volume during the crop cycle (940 mm) was excellent. In terms of severity of attack of foliar diseases, the emphasis was on treatment 4 (Trifloxystrobin, 150 g L-1 + Prothioconazole, 175 g L-1), without, however, differentiating statistically at the 5% probability level of Error of the other treatments studied, fact also observed for grain yield variable. The result of the test in the soil and climate conditions in which the present research was developed showed no difference in the use of leaf nutrition to induce plant resistance.
Performance of Released Soybean Varieties at Jimma, South Western Ethiopia
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2020
Soybean is becoming economical important oil crop in Ethiopia. The process of plant growth and development is important to the successful adaptation of a species to its geographic and climatic environment. Evaluating the adaptability of released soybean varieties in diverse agro ecology is important for efficient use of nationally released varieties in their area of adaptation and thereby increases production and productivity of soybean in the country. The trial was conducted with 19 released soybean varieties in the year 2015 and 2016 main cropping season at Jimma, South Western parts of Ethiopia. The experimental design used was RCBD with three replications. The parameters collected include; days to flowering, days to maturity ,number of pod per plant, number of seed per plant ,hundred seed weight, rust ,common bacterial blight ,lodging score and grain yield. The statistical analysis showed significant difference at (P<0.05) among the varieties for some parameters. The interactions of year by varieties showed significant differences for all of the traits except hundred seed weight. Mean grain yield ranged from 1.16 t/ha to 4.2 t/ha. The three high yielding varieties were Nyala (4.19 t / ha), Cocker-240 (3.9 t/ ha) and Williams (3.7 t/ ha). The above mentioned three varieties are recommended for south western Ethiopia.