Molecular Medicine in Cancer Research (original) (raw)
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Cancer Nanotechnology: The Recent Developments in the Cancer Therapy
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The nanotechnology is prominent in medicine for various applications. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field, which covers diverse arrays of devices made using principles of engineering, biology, physics, and chemistry. The increasing number of nanomedicines is approved clinically, used safely, which highlights the important role of nanotechnology in the field of cancer research. The successful application of nanotechnology to the targeted smart drug therapy ISA rapidly growing component of armamentarium against cancer. Nanotechnology is being applied to cancer in two broad areas: the development of nanovectors, such as nanoparticles, which can be loaded with drugs or imaging agents and then targeted to tumors, and high throughput nanosensor devices for detecting the biological signatures of cancer. This advanced technology provides a unique approach and comprehensive technology against cancer through early diagnosis, prediction, prevention, personalized therapy, and medicine. This review focuses on nanotechnology-based clinical approaches in the advancements of cancer therapy.
Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy
Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
Cancer is caused by damage of genes which control the growth and division of cells. Detection/diagnose/treatment is possible by confirming the growth of the cells and treated by rectifying the damaging mechanism of the genes or by stopping the blood supply to the cells or by destroying it. The application of nanotechnology for cancer therapy has received considerable attention in recent years. Cancer nanotechnology (an interdisciplinary area of research in science, engineering and medicine) is an upcoming field with extensive applications. Recent developments in nanotechnology have provided researchers with new tools for cancer imaging and treatment. This technology has enabled the development of nanoscale devices that can be conjugated with several functional molecules simultaneously, including tumour-specific ligands, antibodies, anticancer drugs, and imaging probes. Since these nanodevices are 100 to 1,000-fold smaller than cancer cells, they can be easily transferred through leaky blood vessels and interact with targeted tumour-specific proteins both on the surface of and inside cancer cells.
The goal of nanotechnology is to use of nanopartcles in the field of science engineering and medicine for benefits of mankind. At present for diagnosis and treatment of some diseases, like cancer, face major limitations. So current aim of researcher is to use of nanoparticles or nanotechnology to treat cancer like disease. Cancer nanotechnology is emerging as a new field of interdisciplinary research, cut-ting across the disciplines of biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine, and is expected to lead to major advances in cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment . Nanoparticles used in diagnosis and treatment include semiconductor, quantum dots, iron oxide nanocrystals, nanoshells, nanosomes, have optical,magnetic or structural properties. When this nanoproperticles attached with the monoclonal antibodies or peptides, it can be used to target the tumor antigens with high specificity. With the help of bioaffinity nanoparticle probes, we can detect the cancer easily and earlier. How much nanotechnology is safe, no one can defined fully.
Nanotechnology: its role in Oncology
The Internet Journal of Nanotechnology, 2010
Nanoparticles(NPs) have unique physicochemical properties that are difficult from those of the bulk material. Properties such as small size (< 100nm), relatively high surface-to-volume ratio, quantum dot effect and reactivity, allow a wide range of different applications in modern industry. Nanotechnology is considered as a technology of the future, with a greater potential in biochemical applications. It is becoming increasingly important in nano-diagnostic(medical imaging, biosensors, contrast agents and invitro 'lab-on-a chip'), drug-delivery devices(for gene delivery and targeting drugs) and for treating a variety of human tumors. Researches have developed a novel cancer-targeting nano-particle that can potentially act as a drug-delivery agent and dual imaging agent at the same time. It is well said that " Successful development of targeted cancer therapeutics is vital, as many current chemotherapy regimens lead to severe systemic toxicity due to the fact that the toxic drugs will kill healthy tissue whilst in circulation….". Targeted drugs will hopefully reduce adverse reactions by limiting their action to cancer tissue only. Nanoparticles can easily be functionalized to target specific types and may be promising delivery and imaging in the treatment of cancer. The clinical feasibility of nanoparticle therapeutics will depend on the effectiveness, safety and cost. Nanoparticle capable of site-specific and intracellular delivery combined with optimal RNA-design are needed to maximize the therapeutic efficacy to reduce dosage and non-specific effects. " Nano-scientists should…. Focus their efforts on nano-oncology. So far studies carried out suggest they could make a significant impact in treating various malignancies".
Nanomedicine and Cancer: A Comperhensive Review
ijpbs.com
Nanomedicine is an innovative and highly applicable tool in cancer. Nanomedicine is engineered nano scale 1-100nm structures and devices for diagnosis and therapy for cancer. Recently nanodevices capable of detecting cancer at its earliest stages, ...
This paper is an overview of advances and prospects in applications of nanotechnology for cancer treatment. Nanotechnology is an use for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. nanotechnology offers a promise for the targeted delivery of drugs, genes and protein to tumer tissue and therefore alleviating the toxicity of anticancer agent in healthy tissues. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Nanotechnology is one of the most rapidly growing fields in the 21st centuryThese mainly include arrays of nanocantilevers, nanotubes and nanowires for multiplexing detection, multifunctional injectable nanovectors for therapeutics and diagnostics. This article review current nanotechnology platforms for anticancer drug delivery, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoshells, nuclear acid base nanoparticle [DNA, RNA interference (RNAi), and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) ] The review increases awarnes of advantages in cancer therapy.
Emerging Trends of Nanotechnology in Cancer Therapy
Cancer is a malignant disease caused by damage of genes that control growth and division of cells and it is complex as it entails multiple cellular physiologic systems such as cell signaling and apoptosis .it is being missed at its earliest stages because of detection methods that are not directed at cellular changes of carcinogenesis .Non specific systemic distribution , inadequate drug concentrations reaching tumor , inability to monitor therapeutic responses continue to plague the area of clinical oncology . Nanotechnology has the potential to offer solution to these current obstacles in cancer therapy because of its unique size (1-100nm) and large surface-to-volume ratios .The versatility of the nanotechnology platform could allow cellular tracking using single or multimodal imaging modalities. Nanoparticles are being used to detect biomarkers which may help researchers with molecular imaging of malignant lesions and allow physicians to see cells and molecules undetectable through conventional imaging. Additionally photo luminescent nanoparticles may allow oncologists to discriminate cancerous and healthy cells. Clinical investigations suggest that therapeutic nanoparticles can improve patient care and quality of life by reducing off-target toxicities by more selectively directing drug molecules to intracellular targets of cancer cells.