Effect of Different Binders on Cyclic Performance of Si/C Anodes for Secondary Lithium-Ion Batteries (original) (raw)
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Novel conductive binder for high-performance silicon anodes in lithium ion batteries
Nano Energy, 2017
A novel polymer is designed to serve as the conductive binder for high-capacity silicon anodes in lithium ion batteries (LIBs), aiming to address fast capacity fade and poor cycle life of silicon anodes caused by large volume change during repeated cycles. Abundant carboxyl groups in the polymer chain can effectively enhance the binding force to Si nanoparticles (NPs) and the n-type polyfluorene backbones of the polymer significantly promote the electronic conductivity under the reducing environment for anodes, dual-features of which can maintain electronic integrity during lithiation/delithiation cycles. Notably, the polymer can react with the polar groups on the surface of Si NPs to form strong chemical bonds, thus truly maintaining the electrode mechanical integrity and good electronic conductivity after repeated charge/discharge process. The as-assembled batteries based on the polymer without any conductive additive exhibit a high reversible capacity (2806 mA h g −1 at 420 mA g −1) and good cycle stability (85.2% retention of the initial capacity) after 100 cycles.
Theoretical progresses in silicon anode substitutes for Lithium-ion batteries
Journal of Energy Storage, 2022
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the preferred power source for various consumer devices such as electronic gadgets due to their high energy density and extended cycle life. Generally, graphite is used as an anode material due to its flat voltage plateau and economic viability. However, in addition to graphite's limited capacity, certain difficulties limit its future perspectives for usage in sophisticated batteries. Silicon has rather shown remarkable potential as a replacement for graphite mainly because of its high theoretical gravimetric capacity. Moreover, the capability of inserting/de-inserting lithium ions is way more in Si than graphite in current LIBs. However, it is seen that after a few cycles of charge and discharge, they get vulnerable to pulverizing mainly due to expansion of volume which happens during the alloying/dealloying. These issues can be addressed by incorporating novel mechanisms. Improvements in the anodes can be brought by binders, additives, composite electrodes, nanomaterials, and electrolyte solvents, to name a few. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is another factor that needs to be taken into account. This review aims to enhance the effectiveness of the anode using the methodologies mentioned and extend this very strategy to design futuristic anode materials for LIBs in the future.
Electrochimica Acta, 2010
An effective and practical method for producing Si/C composites with 10-15 wt% of silicon nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix is developed. The procedure consists of mechanically mixing Si with pitch followed by dispersing in toluene and final heat-treatment between 1000 and 1100 • C. The homogeneity of the materials was confirmed by optical microscopy and HRTEM. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and N 2 adsorption at 77 K were applied for determining the structural and textural characteristics. The lithium insertion/deinsertion performance was monitored from the galvanostatic charge-discharge characteristics using a Si/C-lithium two-electrode cell, and varying the electrochemical parameters. Silicon essentially enhances the electrode capacity (C rev up to 600 mAh/g for 15% Si), the effect being proportional to the component content, but it affects the cycle life. The first cycle reversible capacity increases with the decrease of current density and discharge cut-off potential. However, using such conditions during cycling leads to rapid saturation of the silicon particles, from which the decay of the electrochemical performance starts. It is demonstrated that the evolution of reversible and irreversible capacity is strongly dependent on the kinetics of lithium diffusion in silicon particles and on the discharge potential cut-off.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Si-based Li-ion battery anodes offer specific capacity an order of magnitude beyond that of conventional graphite. However, the formation of stable Si anodes is a challenge because of significant volume changes occuring during their electrochemical alloying and dealloying with Li. Binder selection and optimization may allow significant improvements in the stability of Si-based anodes. Most studies of Si anodes have involved the use of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) binders. Herein, we show for the first time that pure poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), possessing certain mechanical properties comparable to those of CMC but containing a higher concentration of carboxylic functional groups, may offer superior performance as a binder for Si anodes. We further show the positive impact of carbon coating on the stability of the anode. The carbon-coated Si nanopowder anodes, tested between 0.01 and 1 V vs Li/Li+ and containing as little as 15 wt%of PAA, showed exc...
Nano Energy, 2016
Lithium-ion batteries are widely used throughout the world for portable electronic devices and mobile phones and show great potential for more demanding applications like electric vehicles. Unfortunately, lithium-ion batteries still lack the required level of energy storage to completely meet the demands of such applications as electric vehicles. Among advanced materials being studied, silicon nanoparticles have demonstrated great potential as an anode material to replace the commonly used graphite. Silicon has been shown to have a high theoretical gravimetric capacity, approximately 4200 mAh/g, compared to only 372 mAh/g for graphite. Though silicon nanoparticles have remarkably high capacity, they suffer from rapid degradation with each cycle due to electrode volume expansion of approximately 400% during lithiation, placing a large strain on the material. With each cycle that strain creates cracks in the electrode particles and causes them to break down into smaller particles, which create void spaces between the particles and lead to poor contact as reflected in poor conductivity. In this review, we discuss exciting new research on silicon-based anodes conducted during the past couple of years. Besides stressing the importance of well-designed nanostructures of Si, we focus on optimization of the Si electrode and resulting performance enhancement by properly selecting binders and synergistically integrating them with various carbon materials during electrode design and fabrication. Importantly, although each improvement strategy has its own advantage, appropriate combination of them will yield much higher anode performance. We summarize the core issues in developing the silicon anode and effective strategies in yielding more promising results. 3 Content: 1. Introduction crystallinity of Si after cycling. (g) Initial cycling behaviors of Si particles in different conductive matrixes against lithium metal counter electrodes at C/10 rate. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [50]. Copyright 2011, Wiley-VCH.. directly on the current collector, which do not pulverize or break into smaller particles after cycling. Rather, facile strain relaxation in the nanowires allows them to increase in diameter without breaking. (c) Voltage profiles for the Si nanowires cycled at different currents. (d) Capacity versus cycle number for the Si nanowires at the C/20 rate. (e and f) SEM image of pristine Si nanowires before (e) and after (f) electrochemical cycling. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [31, 66].
Binder free Silicon Anodes for Advanced Lithium Ion Batteries
2016
Silicon has emerged as an attractive anode material for Lithium Ion Batteries since it has a high theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh/g, corresponding to the formation of Li22Si5 alloy. Unlike graphite anodes which rely on intercalation and deintercalation of Li+, silicon anodes depend on an alloying-dealloying process. However, the formation of Li-Si binary alloys involves volume modification of ~400%, and the repeated expansion and contraction during lithiation- delithiation leads to pulverization and consequent failure of the cell. To meet this challenge, we have designed binder-free silicon anodes that can circumvent the problem of pulverization. This work describes the synthesis of Si nanoparticles (NPs) by reverse micelle approach, followed by structural characterization of the material by X -Ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the Si active material as anode material for Lithium Ion Batteries was tested in two-...
Silicon and carbon based composite anodes for lithium ion batteries
Journal of Power Sources, 2006
Composites comprising silicon (Si), graphite (C) and polyacrylonitrile-based disordered carbon (PAN-C), denoted as Si/C/PAN-C, have been synthesized by thermal treatment of mechanically milled silicon, graphite, and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) powder of nominal composition C-17.5 wt.% Si-30 wt.% PAN. PAN acts as a diffusion barrier to the interfacial diffusion reaction between graphite and Si to form the electrochemically inactive SiC during prolonged milling of graphite and Si, which could be easily formed in the absence of PAN. In addition, graphite, which contributes to the overall capacity of the composite and suppresses the irreversible loss, retains its graphitic structure during prolonged milling in the presence of PAN. The resultant Si/C/PAN-C based composites exhibit a reversible capacity of ∼660 mAh g −1 with an excellent capacity retention displaying almost no fade in capacity when cycled at a rate of ∼C/4. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicates that the structural integrity and microstructural stability of the composite during the alloying/dealloying process appear to be the main reasons contributing to the good cyclability observed in the above composites.
Silicon-Based Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications
Silicon has been intensively studied as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) because of its exceptionally high specific capacity. However, silicon-based anode materials usually suffer from large volume change during the charge and discharge process, leading to subsequent pulverization of silicon, loss of electric contact, and continuous side reactions. These transformations cause poor cycle life and hinder the wide commercialization of silicon for LIBs. The lithiation and delithiation behaviors, and the interphase reaction mechanisms, are progressively studied and understood. Various nanostructured silicon anodes are reported to exhibit both superior specific capacity and cycle life compared to commercial carbon-based anodes. However, some practical issues with nanostructured silicon cannot be ignored, and must be addressed if it is to be widely used in commercial LIBs. This Review outlines major impactful work on silicon-based anodes, and the most recent research directions in this field, specifically, the engineering of silicon architectures, the construction of silicon-based composites, and other performance-enhancement studies including electrolytes and binders. The burgeoning research efforts in the development of practical silicon electrodes, and full-cell silicon-based LIBs are specially stressed, which are key to the successful commercialization of silicon anodes, and large-scale deployment of next-generation high energy density LIBs.
Electrochemical characteristics of semi conductive silicon anode for lithium polymer batteries
Journal of Electroceramics, 2010
In this paper, the electrochemical characteristics of semi conductive silicon thin films (n-type and p-type silicon) anodes integrated with the solid polymer electrolyte for lithium polymer batteries were investigated. The charge/discharge cycling tests revealed that the phosphorus-doped n-type silicon electrode shows the most stable cyclic performance after the 40th cycle and still maintains a reversible specific capacity of about 2,500 mAh/g. The enhanced electrochemical performance of the doped silicon anode was attributed to the enhancement of its electrical conductivity, which was further confirmed by impedance spectroscopy and surface analysis by XPS.
Effect of binder on electrochemical performance of Silicon/Graphene anodes for Lithium ion batteries
2020
The sun is not always shining, and the wind is not always blowing, hence energy storage becomes an essential part of human life. Among the energy storage technologies, batteries are touted to be the front runners, especially Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with their existing infrastructure offer solutions to the current barriers in this field. The era of battery powered vehicles has made the need for growth in LIB's even more evident, as more and more vehicles are deployed every year. However, current LIB's lie far behind gasoline powered vehicles owing to their low energy density. Range anxiety has been a major hindrance to the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). I would like to thank my beloved friend Abhaiguru who has accompanied me through all my ups and downs over the past six years. I would also like to thank my friends Aishwarya, Arvind, and Anirudh for providing me with their constant advice and support. In addition to this, I would like to that all my friends from my home country who constantly kept motivating me throughout my Master's. Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family. My father who is showering his blessings from the sky, my mother for constantly providing the mental support and my brother for being there whenever I wanted him. I thank them for carrying me throughout my life and being my support system.