Induced pluripotent stem cells: An update (original) (raw)
Related papers
Stem cell reviews, 2012
To provide a comprehensive source of information about the reprogramming process and induced pluripotency. The ability of stem cells to renew their own population and to differentiate into specialized cell types has always attracted researchers looking to exploit this potential for cellular replacement therapies, pharmaceutical testing and studying developmental pathways. While adult stem cell therapy has already been brought to the clinic, embryonic stem cell research has been beset with legal and ethical impediments. The conversion of human somatic cells to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), which are equivalent to human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), provides a system to sidestep these barriers and expedite pluripotent stem cell research for the aforementioned purposes. However, being a very recent discovery, iPSCs have yet to overcome many other obstacles and criticism to be proven safe and feasible for clinical use. This review introduces iPSC, the various methods th...
Induced pluripotent stem cells: opportunities and challenges
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2011
Somatic cells have been reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells by introducing a combination of several transcription factors, such as Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc.
How to cite this article: Rawat N, Singh MK (2017) Induced pluripotent stem cell: A headway in reprogramming with promising approach in regenerative biology, Veterinary World, 10(6): 640-649. Abstract Since the embryonic stem cells have knocked the doorsteps, they have proved themselves in the field of science, research, and medicines, but the hovered restrictions confine their application in human welfare. Alternate approaches used to reprogram the cells to the pluripotent state were not up to par, but the innovation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) paved a new hope for the researchers. Soon after the discovery, iPSCs technology is undergoing renaissance day by day, i.e., from the use of genetic material to recombinant proteins and now only chemicals are employed to convert somatic cells to iPSCs. Thus, this technique is moving straightforward and productive at an astonishing pace. Here, we provide a brief introduction to iPSCs, the mechanism and methods for their generation, their prevailing and prospective applications and the future opportunities that can be expected from them.
Induced pluripotent Stem Cells: Where we are currently?
Halo 194, 2020
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cells generated by reprogramming an adult somatic cell genome to the stage of a pluripotent stem cell in vitro by inducing a forced expression of specific transcription factors that are important for the maintenance of pluripotency. The iPSCs seem to be very similar to Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) in terms of morphology, cell surface markers and gene expression levels, but recent studies have demonstrated some differences between the two cell types. However, iPSCs might have potential application in regenerative medicine, transplantation, drug testing, disease modelling, and avoidance of tissue rejection and with less ethical concern than ESCs. This paper aims to present the most important characteristics of iPSCs which have therapeutic significance.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Problems and Advantages when Applying them in Regenerative Medicine
Acta Naturae, 2010
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a new type of pluripotent cells that can be obtained by reprogramming animal and human differentiated cells. In this review, issues related to the nature of iPSCs are discussed and different methods of iPSC production are described. We particularly focused on methods of iPSC production without the genetic modification of the cell genome and with means for increasing the iPSC production efficiency. The possibility and issues related to the safety of iPSC use in cell replacement therapy of human diseases and a study of new medicines are considered. KEYWORDS cell reprogramming, induced pluripotent stem cells, directed stem cell differentiation, cell replacement therapy ABBREVIATIONS ESC-embryonic stem cells, iPSCs-induced pluripotent stem cells, NSCs-neural stem cells, ASCsadipose stem cells, PDFs-papillary dermal fibroblasts, CMs-cardiomyocytes, SMA-spinal muscular atrophy, SMA-iPSCs-iPCSs derived from fibroblasts of SMA patients, GFP-green fluorescent protein, LTR-long terminal repeat
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Past, Present, and Future
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2011
A major breakthrough in the past 5 years is the development of the ability to reprogram somatic cells to pluripotency. It has rejuvenated the field of stem cell research, providing regenerative medicine with new possibilities. In this paper, we discuss the progress made in the reprogramming field with focus on induction methodologies, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for drug discovery, and issues and precautions related to their use in regenerative medicine.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2011) 89 5, 741–745. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.37
The promise of induced pluripotent stem cells in research and therapy
Nature, 2012
The field of stem-cell biology has been catapulted forward by the startling development of reprogramming technology. The ability to restore pluripotency to somatic cells through the ectopic co-expression of reprogramming factors has created powerful new opportunities for modelling human diseases and offers hope for personalized regenerative cell therapies. While the field is racing ahead, some researchers are pausing to evaluate whether induced pluripotent stem cells are indeed the true equivalents of embryonic stem cells and whether subtle differences between these cells might affect their research applications and therapeutic potential.
Animal testing has shown unsatisfaction when it comes to examination of hepato-neuro-and cardiotoxicity, as well as in the development of new therapies, while use of in vitro model systems is limited by unavailability of human tissues. For this reason, use of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) as unlimited source for producing differentiated somatic progeny, represents a great medical advance. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) represent a new type of stem cells that occur by reprogramming of genomes of adult stem cells, such as dermal fibroblasts into a pluripotent state. These cells have many similarities with embryonic stem cells, and their reprogramming requests transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4. IPSC are characterized by the ability of recovery and differentiation into different cell types such as-cells, hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, hematopoietic cells, which opens the door to the new methods of treatment of many diseases especially in the field of personalized regenerative medicine. This paperwork contains future trends and possibilities of using iPSC's in regenerative personalized medicine, and with great certainty we can say that the discovery of the same has brought a revolutionary changes to medicine, and that these cells will soon be used not only for modeling of various diseases, but also for treating diseases and finding and testing new drugs that will help to improve the quality of life in many patients.
Induced pluripotent stem cells: progress and future perspectives in the stem cell world
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have the potential to differentiate into many cell types and therefore can be a valuable source for cell therapy. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst, are representative of PSCs. However, use of these cells has some limitations, especially ethical restrictions and immune response. As a result, researchers have been looking for other cell sources or strategies to overcome these limitations. One kind of cellular reprogramming is the process of guiding mature cells into a state of gene expression similar to PSCs. It has been demonstrated that somatic cells can be reprogrammed by various methods, including somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and cell fusion with ESCs or treatment with their extracts. This implies that some factors in oocytes and ESCs are able to initiate the reprogramming process. Accordingly, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been derived from somatic cells by ectopic expression of some transcription factors. This discovery has resulted in raising several important questions about the mechanisms by which these factors influence the reprogramming and epigenetic status of the cells. iPSCs hold great promise for regenerative medicine, developmental biology, and drug discovery because they circumvent problems associated with both ethical issues and immunological rejection. Here we review the experiments involved in the discovery of iPSCs, important factors in their reprogramming, and their future perspectives in cell therapy.