Potential use of whey concentrate and prebiotics as carrier agents to protect Bifidobacterium-BB-12 microencapsulated by spray drying (original) (raw)
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LWT, 2017
This study aimed to evaluate cell injuries in Bifidobacterium longum 1A caused by different microencapsulation processes. For this purpose, the probiotic was microencapsulated by emulsification using alginate with starch or chitosan as well as by spray drying using skim milk as the matrix. The microcapsules were characterized by atomic force microscopy, and cell viability was determined by plate count during storage (-20°C / 90 days). Under simulated gastrointestinal conditions cell injury was analysed using fluorescence of two probes followed by flow cytometry, and the hydrophobicity of cells was evaluated by bacterial adhesion to hexadecane. During storage, B. longum 5 1A remained above 7.51 log 10 CFU g-1 in all microcapsules. However, flow cytometry showed that only microencapsulation by spray drying maintained the cells without injury and ensured viability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The microstructural analysis showed few cells without coating in these microcapsules. In addition, flow cytometry showed the limitation of plate count method to assess cell viability, indicating that even when injured the bacterial cells grow in culture medium. Microencapsulation by spray drying also ensured the recovery of hydrophobicity during storage. Spray drying microcapsules can be an alternative to preserve the viability and functionality of probiotics to be incorporated into foods.
Polish journal of microbiology / Polskie Towarzystwo Mikrobiologów = The Polish Society of Microbiologists, 2008
Improved production methods of starter cultures, which constitute the most important element of probiotic preparations, were investigated. The aim of the presented research was to analyse changes in the viability of Lactobacillus. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum after stabilization (spray drying, liophilization, fluidization drying) and storage in refrigerated conditions for 4 months. The highest numbers of live cells, up to the fourth month of storage in refrigerated conditions, of the order of 10(7) cfu/g preparation were recorded for the B. bifidum DSM 20239 bacteria in which the N-Tack starch for spray drying was applied. Fluidization drying of encapsulated bacteria allowed obtaining a preparation of the comparable number of live bacterial cells up to the fourth month of storage with those encapsulated bacteria, which were subjected to freeze-drying but the former process was much shorter. The highest survivability of the encapsulated L. acidophilus DSM 20079 and B. bifi...
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2001
Aims: To optimize a spray coating process for the production of encapsulated microspheres containing viable Bi®dobacterium cells and to determine whether the readily gelatinized modi®ed starch coating used in this study improved bacterial survival in foods or under acid conditions. Methods and Results: An air inlet temperature of 100°C was demonstrated to be optimal for the spray drying process, as it afforded good drying, low outlet temperatures (45°C) and resulted in less than 1 log reduction in bi®dobacteria numbers during drying. Maximum recovery yields of 30% were obtained after optimizing the air aspiration conditions. The average size of the Bi®dobacterium PL1-containing starch microparticles was determined by scanning electron microscopy to be of the order of 5 lm. The starch-coated cells did not display any enhanced viability compared with free PL1 cells when exposed to acid conditions for 6 h or in two dry food preparations over 20 d storage at ambient temperature (19±24°C). Determination of 1491 nucleotides of the 16S rRNA gene from PL1 indicated that it shared 97% homology with a previously sequenced Bi®dobacterium ruminantium strain. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that, although spray drying is a valuable process for encapsulating bi®dobacteria, further work is required to ascertain a more appropriate coating material that will protect this strain against adverse environmental conditions. Signi®cance and Impact of the Study: The production of small, uniformly coated microspheres containing viable bi®dobacteria using an affordable and industrially convenient process, such as spray drying, has commercial implications for the production of probiotic products. Although popular for use as a coating polymer by the food industry, this study indicated that modi®ed starches might not be suitable for use as an encapsulating material for probiotic strains.
Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie, 2018
Microcapsules containing B. lactis were produced by complex coacervation in gelatin and gum Arabic followed by freeze drying and characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as well as the resistance of probiotics to the in-vitro release in the simulated gastrointestinal tract and storage under different temperature conditions. Therefore, it formed microcapsules with high encapsulation efficiency (86.04% and 99.52%) and size between 100.12 and 203.32 μm. In addition, microencapsulated probiotics, both in wet and dry forms, maintained viability against the simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Finally, complex coacervation method was also efficient in maintaining the viability of probiotics during storage at temperatures of −18°C for 120 days, 7°C for 120 days and 25°C for 90 days. Thus, our results demonstrated that complex coacervation method is an appropriate alternative to increase the viability of probiotics.
LWT, 2018
The spray-dried powders with Bifidobacterium BB-12 microcapsules with full-fat goat's milk and/or prebiotics (inulin and/or oligofructose), were characterized about their thermal and water sorption properties. The samples' thermal properties showed that the addition of prebiotics contributed to the higher thermal stability, highlighting the microcapsules produced with inulin. Regarding the water sorption properties, the Peleg model fitted well to the experimental data, providing adequate values of the initial mass transfer rate. The isotherm found for the sample with full-fat goat's milk with or without oligofructose was a Sigmoid Isotherm (Type II), commonly observed in most foods. The inulin use resulted in a change from Type II to Type III isotherm curve, where the molecular relaxation mechanisms and the adsorption forces are weak. Therefore, the relative humidity conditions above 43% and 11% can be responsible by a decrease of the storage stability of spray-dried powders, with microcapsules.
International Journal of Dairy Technology, 2010
The viability of free and immobilized cells of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB12 incorporated into kefir was studied for 28 days during refrigerated storage. The immobilized bifidobacteria were added directly to previously prepared kefir. Titratable acidity, pH, ethanol, fat, protein and lactose were evaluated in the kefir with bifidobacteria after the storage. The survival of the free and microencapsulated bifidobacteria was evaluated during the storage period and in simulated gastric juice. The pH of kefirs ranged from 4.3 to 4.6. Encapsulation improved significantly the survival of bifidobacteria during exposure to nisin, during the storage period and in simulated gastric juice.
Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2014
Seven different types of natural polymers namely hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodiumcarboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), starch BR-07, starch BR-08, dextrin and pullulan were used in order to develop the optimal formula for the entrapment of Bifidobacterium lactis 300B in Ca-alginate based granules. Laminar flow drip casting with Brace-Encapsulator was used in order to prepare the granules. The results showed that alginate/ pullulan and alginate/HPMC formulation provide high protection for the bacterial strain used for encapsulation. These two formulations were further used to obtain freeze dried granules, for which the viability in time and at different temperatures was tested. The final results showed a higher viability than the level of the therapeutic minimum (>10 7 CFU/g) after 15 days of storage. Other parameters like entrapment efficiency, production rate, sphericity, flowability were also discussed.
International Dairy Journal, 2012
The aim of this study was to produce and evaluate solid lipid microparticles containing Bifidobacterium lactis or Lactobacillus acidophilus. Survival assays were conducted to evaluate the resistance of the probiotics to spray-chilling process, their resistance to simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and their stability during 90 d of storage. The viability of the cells was not affected by microencapsulation. The free and encapsulated cells of B. lactis were resistant to SGF and SIF. The microencapsulation, however, provided protection for L. acidophilus against SGF and SIF. The free and encapsulated microorganisms lost their viability when they were stored at 37 C. However, promising results were obtained when refrigerated and frozen storage was applied. The study indicates that spraychilling using fat as carrier can be considered an innovative technology and matrix, respectively, for the protection, application and delivery of probiotics.
2014
Microencapsulation using two different methods, spray- drying and emulsion technique were applied to preserve the viability of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei during manufacture and refrigerated storage. As coating materials to encapsulate the probiotic by spray-drying method, compatible biopolymers alginate and chitosan were utilized, while as a cross-linking agent, CaCl2 was used. In addition to the probiotic, oligofructose enriched inulin (Synergy 1®) as prebiotic was added to the medium intended for spray-drying. For microencapsulation of the probiotic by emulsion method, alginate and whey proteins were applied. Further, protective effects of four potential cryoprotectants (oligofructose enriched inulin, sorbitol, sucrose, lactose) were investigated when added to the whey proteins-Ca-alginate microparticles before freeze-drying. Experiments showed that chitosan-Ca-alginate microparticles and whey protein-Ca-alginate microparticles with high viability of L. casei were obtained ...