Morphometric measurements of the cranium in congenital bilateral blind males and females (original) (raw)
Related papers
Morphometric Changes of the Corpus Callosum in Congenital Blindness
We examined the effects of visual deprivation at birth on the development of the corpus callosum in a large group of congenitally blind individuals. We acquired high-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans in 28 congenitally blind and 28 normal sighted subjects matched for age and gender. There was no overall group effect of visual deprivation on the total surface area of the corpus callosum. However, subdividing the corpus callosum into five subdivisions revealed significant regional changes in its three most posterior parts. Compared to the sighted controls, congenitally blind individuals showed a 12% reduction in the splenium, and a 20% increase in the isthmus and the posterior part of the body. A shape analysis further revealed that the bending angle of the corpus callosum was more convex in congenitally blind compared to the sighted control subjects. The observed morphometric changes in the corpus callosum are in line with the well-described crossmodal functional and structural neuroplastic changes in congenital blindness.
Craniofacial Anthropometry in a Turkish Population
The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 2002
To present norms and demonstrate the anthropometric variations in fronto-occipital circumference, inner and outer canthal distances, near and distant [far] anatomical interpupillary distance, canthal index, and circumference-interorbital index across age and sex in urban Turkish subjects. Participants: Three thousand four hundred forty-eight subjects (1852 male, 1596 female) aged 7 to 40 years were included in this study. Methods: Three age groups were studied: children aged 7 to 15 years, young adults aged 16 to 25 years, and adults aged 26 to 40 years. Mean values for each measured parameter were determined at each age between 7 and 25 years. Subjects were also divided into nine age subgroups to observe the change of each parameter with advancing age. Results: The fronto-occipital circumference and outer canthal distance of males was significantly (p Ͻ .001) wider than females in all age groups. The near and distant interpupillary distances of male subjects were, on average, wider than the female subjects with greater differences with advancing age. Across all subjects aged 7 to 40 years, the mean of all measured parameters and calculated indexes of men and boys was significantly different from girls and women (p Ͻ .001). The mean for interpupillary distances in our study in both sexes were found to be similar to Arabian, Hong Kong, and British children; larger than those of Chinese, Black, Indian, and Caucasians; and smaller than those of Mexican children and a mixed European population. Conclusion: This study clearly shows the anthropometric variation for frontooccipital circumference, inner canthal distance, outer canthal distance, near and distant interpupillary distance, canthal index, and circumference-interorbital index with age. These developmental data and the normal values of these measurements in healthy subjects are useful for dysmorphologists in the early identification of some craniofacial syndromes, hyper-and hypotelorism, and congenital or posttraumatic telecanthus and of planning surgical intervention. We suggest that the comparison of craniofacial dimensions of a patient must be performed with normal standards specific for age as well as sex and race.
Craniofacial anthropometry in a group of healthy Latvian residents
2005
Correspondence to: Erika Nagle, Dzirciema ielâ 16, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia. E-mail: erika.nagle@rsu.lv Craniofacial anthropometrics has become an important tool used by genetic counsellors and in reconstructive surgery. In genetic counselling, it is necessary to identify dysmorphic syndromes as accurately as possible. Nevertheless, dysmorphic characters are usually reported by clinicians mainly in descriptive terms. Anthropometrical measurements can overcome these problems. The aim of this study was to show variations of craniofacial parameters in normal (without any family history of craniofacial or other genetic malformations) Latvian residents. Materials and methods. Craniofacial anthropometrical measurements (total 38) have been studied in healthy Latvian residents. For this study, 77 individuals were examined. All measurements were made by one observer and performed with the GPM anthropological Instruments, Siber Hegner & Co.AG. All parameters were compared between males and femal...
Evaluation of craniometric measurements in human skulls
2021
Aim: We aimed to provide a source of information that could contribute to the determination of normal values in our country and to reveal possible variations by comparing our results with the literature. Material and Method: Our study was carried out on 60 skulls of unknown gender and age found in the Laboratory of the Department of Anatomy. Measurements were made directly on the skull using an inelastic and soft measuring tape, Holtain Harpenden anthropometric set, and a digital sliding caliper (Mitutoyo). In our study, using direct anthropometric measurement techniques, the measurements of the head and face regions were taken by a single researcher three times and their averages were calculated. 19 anthropometric points were determined and used for 22 measurements. Results: As a result of our study, the head and face data were generally lower than the literature. Apertura piriformis height (APH), orbital length (OL) and orbital width (d-ec) results were compared as left and right ...
Craniometric Analysis of Nigerian Population
Introduction: The existence of sexual dimorphism in human skeletons especially skull and its medico-legal importance had long been studied [3] [2,1]. This study has investigated the existence of sexual dimorphism in cranial dimensions of Nigerian population. Methods: A total of 100 adult dry skulls, (78 males, 22 females) free from damage and deformity fully ossified from Departments of Anatomy in Nigerian Universities were used for this study. Spreading calliper, measuring tape were used to measure the following parameters, bregma-lambda, lambda- inion, nasion-bregma, nasion-inion, basion-bregma. Graph pad prism version 5.0 was used to analyze the data, coefficient of variation, correlation, linear regression, percentiles, sexual dimorphism ratio were computed. Student‘s T-test was used to compare male-female and right-left measurements. Results: The results indicate that the male parameters were higher than female parameters and statistically significant at P<0.05 in all. The length of Bregma-Lambda of male and female were 126.3 ± 0.85mm and 118.1±1.54 mm respectively. The length of lambda -inion of male and female were 71.31± 0.82mm and 60.01± 1.53 mm respectively. The length of nasion -bregma of male and female were 135.8± 1.16mm and 128.8.1± 3.17 mm respectively. The length of nasion-inion of male and female were 170.7± 0.93 mm and 157.5±1.34 mm respectively. The length of basion-bregma of male and female were 140 ±0.73 and 132 ±1.73 mm respectively. Sexual dimorphism ratio was greater than unity in all. Conclusion: The anthropometry of these cranial dimensions can be a guide in gender determination of unknown individuals and a guide to surgeons in face of surgical intervention.
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 2006
Stating background The clival angle, between the ethmoidal plane and the clival plane, measures the cranial base angulation. Relations between cranial base angulation and facial patterns have been discussed and present contradictory evidence. The aim of this study is to determine whether correlations could be found between the clival angle and craniofacial measurements. Methods This study was carried out on a sample of 235 human skulls. Twenty landmarks were marked. The clival angle and 16 other variables were measured and compared using analysis of variance. Results Statistical analysis showed a relationship between the clival angle and six measurements (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the clival angle and the cranial lengths, the nasomaxillary sagittal measurements and palatal length but the width of the foramen magnum had a negative correla-tion. No signiWcant relationship was found between the clival angle and the cranial height and widths, the palatal width, the length of the foramen magnum and the mandibular measurements. Conclusions The trends found in this study with regard to the craniofacial lengths show that the nasomaxillary complex in humans has a stable position lying beneath the anterior cranial base. Transversal, vertical and mandibular variables have a more independent relationship.
Variation In Craniofacial Anthropometery Of 17-25 Years Old Adult Population Of Nepal
European Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2014
Background: Cephalic index and prosopic index are very useful anthropometric tool to find out racial and sexual differences and also give a clue to genetic transmission of inherited characteristics from parents to their offspring. Objectives: To determine the variation of shapes of head and face present in young adult population of Nepal. Materials and Methods: A descriptive non-interventional cross-sectional study was conducted on normal undergraduate medical students of Nepalese origin from BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal on September 2012. A total of 313 (male = 186 and female = 127) Nepalese young adult students with their ages ranging from 17-25-year-old were included for the study after taking permission from Institutional Ethical Board and Committee. All the measurements were carried out after careful palpation of the head for anatomical landmarks and measurements were taken to the nearest 1 mm. Results obtained were presented as mean and standard deviation. Independent Student's t-test and ANOVA test were applied to find out the gender, geographical and ethnic differences. A P < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: The head and face form of males were hyperbrachicephalic and mesoprosopic respectively and of females were mesocephalic and leptoprosopic respectively. The head and face form of Tibeto-Nepalese were hyperbrachicephalic and mesoprosopic; of Indigenous were brachiocephalic and mesoprosopic and of Indo-Nepalese were mesocephalic and leptoprosopic respectively. Conclusion: Thus, the racial factor, gender, geographical and regional variations influences the craniofacial anthropometry especially head and faces form.
Craniofacial Anthropometry in Newborns and Infants
2007
The face is involved in many syndromes of dysmorphogenesis. The soft tissue facial landmarks are known to be influenced by age, race and sex and it is imperative to identify a balance between them before reconstructive surgery. Further, with knowledge of standard facial traits, an individualized norm can be established to optimize facial attractiveness.