The Influence of Plasma Composition on the Properties of Plasma Treated Biomaterials (original) (raw)
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Surface plasma treatment techniques for modification of biomedical polymeric materials are presented. The emphasis is on the use of non-equilibrium radiofrequency (RF) oxygen and nitrogen plasma. By variation of discharge parameters (power, discharge frequency, type of gas) and plasma parameters (density of neutrals and ions, kinetic energy of electrons, gas temperature) it is possible to produce polymer surfaces with different surface properties. Already after short plasma treatment time the surface of polymeric material becomes hydrophilic. Formation of nitrogen and oxygen functional groups is observed immediately after plasma treatment. By optimisation of plasma treatment time the number of newly formed functional groups can be increased. Plasma treatment also produces morphological changes of the surface; nanohills of different shapes and height can be formed on PET surface depending on the treatment time and type of gas. Evidently the change in surface morphology affects the change in surface roughness, which increases with longer plasma treatment time. Plasma treatment influences also on the biological response, as all plasma treated surfaces exhibit improved proliferation of fibroblast and endothelia cells. The number of adherent platelets practically does not change after nitrogen plasma treatment, however much lower number of adherent platelets is observed on oxygen plasma treated surfaces.
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Surface plasma treatment techniques for modification of biomedical polymeric materials are presented. The emphasis is on the use of non-equilibrium radiofrequency (RF) oxygen and nitrogen plasma. By variation of discharge parameters (power, discharge frequency, type of gas) and plasma parameters (density of neutrals and ions, kinetic energy of electrons, gas temperature) it is possible to produce polymer surfaces with different surface properties. Already after short plasma treatment time the surface of polymeric material becomes hydrophilic. Formation of nitrogen and oxygen functional groups is observed immediately after plasma treatment. By optimisation of plasma treatment time the number of newly formed functional groups can be increased. Plasma treatment also produces morphological changes of the surface; nanohills of different shapes and height can be formed on PET surface depending on the treatment time and type of gas. Evidently the change in surface morphology affects the ch...
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Plasma surface modification of polymers for biomedical use
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2003
Polymeric materials can be used in many application areas due to their mechanical (e.g. elastic) characteristics, chemical stability, and their light weight, as well as for their many design possibilities. Even in the fields of medicine and biotechnology many products are completely or partly made of polymers. In contact with biological systems, compatibility of these materials is not always given. To fulfill the requirements for medical applications, the surfaces have to be modified. Plasma techniques are demonstrated as an appropriate tool for the generation of the demanded surface properties. Experimental data are given for surface modification by plasma polymerization, with retention of the functional groups of the monomers used. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of the thin films with respect to the type and density of available groups at the surfaces is presented. Some possible applications of plasma-modified polymers are also discussed.
Biomacromolecules, 2009
In modern technology, there is a constant need to solve very complex problems and to fine-tune existing solutions. This is definitely the case in modern medicine with emerging fields such as regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The problems, which are studied in these fields, set very high demands on the applied materials. In most cases, it is impossible to find a single material that meets all demands such as biocompatibility, mechanical strength, biodegradability (if required), and promotion of cell-adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. A common strategy to circumvent this problem is the application of composite materials, which combine the properties of the different constituents. Another possible strategy is to selectively modify the surface of a material using different modification techniques. In the past decade, the use of nonthermal plasmas for selective surface modification has been a rapidly growing research field. This will be the highlight of this review. In a first part of this paper, a general introduction in the field of surface engineering will be given. Thereafter, we will focus on plasma-based strategies for surface modification. The purpose of the present review is twofold. First, we wish to provide a tutorial-type review that allows a fast introduction for researchers into the field. Second, we aim to give a comprehensive overview of recent work on surface modification of polymeric biomaterials, with a focus on plasmabased strategies. Some recent trends will be exemplified. On the basis of this literature study, we will conclude with some future trends for research.
Shinku, 2007
Surface modiˆcation using plasma treated and graft polymerization is versatile process, with systems on the market capable of treating everything from polymer, metal, and ceramic substrates. The major advantage is that the modiˆcation is caused no substrate damage or bulk property changes. This is a very eŠective method to modify the surfaces of biomaterials to achieve desired physical or mechanical properties, or to induce a speciˆc response when the device is placed in the body. They oŠer attractive possibilities for developing new biomaterials and for improving the performance of existing materials and devices. Hence, in this review, we describe the application of plasma treatment and graft polymerization on biomaterialsˆeld. The various applications are discussed in the following: (1) easy stripped-oŠ wound dressing, (2) porous three-dimensional temporary scaŠolds, (3) quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) base biosensors, and (4) covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase onto inorganic substrates